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CHICAGO 1873 



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THE 



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INTER-STATE 



Exposition Souvenir; 



CONTAINING A 



igtorical g>fe^tc|) ctf Clfjicago ; 



ALSO A RECORD OF THE 



Great Inter-State Exposition of 1873, 



ITS INCEPTION TO ITS CLOSE; NAMES OF EXHIBITORS, 

AND DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES EXHIBITED; 

TOGETHER WITH VALUABLE STATISTICAL 

INFORMATION OF CHICAGO'S MERCHANTS 

AND MANUFACTURERS. 




CHICAGO: 

-VAN ARSDALE & MASSIE, Publishers'. 

1873. 



?r 



LITHOGRAPHING BY 

TRUESDELL, LOTT & CO 
180 Clark St.y Chicago. 



DIE CUTTING BY 

DRAKE & FORBES, 
Lkkealde Building. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by 

VAN ARSDALE & MASSIE, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



THE LAKESIDE PRESS, 
Printers^ 

Clark & Adamg Sts. Chicago 



COX, HENDERSON & CO. 

BinderSy 

Lakeside Building, Chicago. 




ji TTOJ .JJ3G2i]U«T 



HFbirafion. 



TO 



N, S* teuton, IHsq,, Oljaicman, 
(geo. ?g, Haflm, ^otUx lalmer, gno, ^. Brake, 

1^. €. (Crane, IStiiDin Hee 13rob3n, (Bczo. S- 13oltten, 

C. iSm. Jgarbeg, HBabiti ^. (gage, J^* ?g* Caglor* 

THE EXECUTIVE COMMiTTE^,, 

AND TO .-.sn^nd'r.l sdJ lo .rjffto ■srfj *:} 

lilnci. ^. i^egnoltiis, ^^2. and g. Irbmg ^earce, srrm. 

{?/" /A^ 7;^^^r = Stale Industrial Exposition^ prominent 
citizens and leading busifiess men^ by whose intelligent 
zeal and untiring energy so much was done to make 
the Great Exposition of 18 j^ the unprecedented success 
it was J and whose able efforts in the interest of Chicago 
will ever he gratefully remembered by her citizens, 

Ci)is Uolume fs most l^espectfullg Inscrifieti 

BY THE PUBLISHERS. 



-::3fiT aciaj/AJ 3Ht 




(Jonl^pnH. 



PAGE 

Introduction _. 15 

Historical Sketch of Chicago 17 

The Exposition 24 

The Building 37 

The Inauguration _ 42 

The Exhibitors 50 

Resume and Closing of the Exposition of 1873 306 

Chicago : Its Growth, Prospects, Merchants, and Manufacturers. _ 314 

Conclusion 318 




Inbpf 1^0 ^f^iiiops. 



PAGE 

Appleton, D., & Co. Books 73 

Ames & Frost. Spring Beds 102 

Anderson, M. Show-Cases 103 

Andrews, A. H., & Co. School Furniture 103 

American Watch Company. Watches 129 

Aurora Silver Plate Manufacturing Company. Plated Goods 129 

American Clock Company. Clocks 130 

American Molded Collar Company. Collars 144 

Abbey, F. J., & Co. Guns, etc 162 

American Bureau of Mines. Minerals 172 

Armstrong, A. A. Fossils 172 

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. Minerals and Products 172, 284 

Atchinson, Robert, & Co. Sheet Metals 183 

Austin, H. W., & Co. Pumps, etc. 183 

American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company. Steel Ware 183 

American Steam Safe Company. Safes 183 

Almini, P. M., & Co. Artists' Materials 227 

American Bridge Company. Bridge Model 247 

Anderson Steam Heating Company. Steam Heater 248 

Americus Manufacturing Company. Corn Husking Machine __ 256 

American Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 272 

American Sardine Company. Boneless Sardines ._ 291 

Archdeacon, Wm. Pickles, etc 291 

Anderson European Hotel. Kitchen Outfit 298 

Ballard, Fast & Co. Saws . 187 

Bangs Bros. Stoves, Ranges, etc __ 187 

Barker & Jackson. Heater . _ 188 

Baeder, Adamson & Co. Curled Hair, etc 227 

Banks, W. H., & Co. Farm Machinery 232 

Brewster, T. D., & Co. Cultivators 235 

Brayley & Paterson. Pitt's Thresher _ 235 

Blymer Manufacturing Company. Threshers, etc — 237 

Brown, J. J. Grain Meter 237 

Barker, J. Sand-papei-ing machine __ 249 

Babcock Manufacturing Company. Fire Extinguishers, etc 249 

Bailey, A. S. Patent Car Pusher -_ 249 

Buckeye Engine Company. Engines 259 

Battle Creek Machinery Company. Paneling Machine 257 

Barrows, Thos., & Co. Sewing Machines 272 

Burlington and Missouri Railroad Company. Farm Products . 285 



INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. 5 

PAGE 

Blake, Walker & Co. Crackers, etc 292 

Bell, Conrad & Webster. Coffee, etc 293 

Booth, Alfred. Canned Goods 293 

Beaseley's Waukegan Brewing Company. Ales — 295 

Brockway & Schaffner. Cigars, etc 295 

Bradley Manufacturing Company. Patent Hammer 299 

Bradshaw, Hugh. Wood Cistern 125 

Barton, E. D. Clocks 130 

Belding Bros. & Co. Sewing Silk 139 

Burkitt, Sutton & Stanley. Fancy Knit Goods 140 

Brownson Bros. & Co. Neck Wear 144 

Barrett, D. P., & Co. Paper Boxes, etc 145 

Bennett & Co. German Shoes 145 

Borgerson, John. Work Boxes 145 

Brown, Prior & Fisk. Shirts and Furnishing Goods 145 

Bullock Bros. Fine Shoes 146 

Biggs, Spencer & Co. Cutlery and Guns 162 

Butler, Jos., & Co. Guns and Fishing Tackle 163 

Brown Brothers. Vault Lights, etc 173 

Brayton, King & Co. Goodenough Horse Shoe 184 

Bassett, J. S., & Co. Gas Fixtures 185 

Blomyuist, C. A. T Rail Fastener 185 

Brown & VanArsdale Manufacturing Company. Tools, etc 186 

Blair, Wm., & Co. Clothes Washers, etc 186 

Burdett, Smith & Co. Stoves 186 

Brooks & Baker. Hollow Ware 187 

Brintnall, Terry & Belden. Hardwai-e 187 

Bliss & Brown. Furnaces, Ranges, etc 187 

Beebe, L. A, Iron Furnace 187 

Baker & Co. Engraving .. 68 

Brand, E. L. Photographs 69 

Bell, Mrs, I. M. Wax Work 71 

Baxter, Mrs. Lizzie. Wax Work 71 

Berry, Jas., & Co, Plate and Cut Glass 72 

Bradner, Smith & Co. Paper 74 

Butler, J. W., & Co, Paper 74 

Bauer, Julius, & Co. Pianos and Organs _ 89 

Bartlett, Butman & Parker Trusses 92 

Bliss & Torrey. Druggists' Sundries 93 

Briard, Dr, B, Medicines, etc, 93 

Bullock, W, H, Mathematical Instruments 97 

Bliss, G, H., & Co. Telegraph Instruments 99 

Barclay, Daniel. Show-Cases 103 

Brachvogle, Chas. Mirrors, etc 103 

Bent, J. W. Refrigerators ._ 103 

Boyington, L. C. Spring Beds .. 103 

Brunswick, Emanuel, & Co. Billiard Tables 104 

Brunswick, J. M., Balke & Co. Billiard Tables 104 

Bradley Window Company, Patent Window __ 116 

Burley & Tyrrell, China and Glassware 121 

Bowen, Ira P,, & Co, Crockery, etc 122 

Chicago Engraving Company. Wood Engraving 68 

Chicago Lithographing Company. Lithography 68 

Copelin & Son. Photography 69 

Cook, Mrs, Wax Work 71 

Carter Bros, Inks and Mucilage 74 

Cox, Henderson & Co, Bookbinders . 75 

Culvei-, Page, Hoyne & Co. Stationery, Blank Books, etc. 76 



6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

PAGE 

Cleveland Paper Company. Paper .' ^ 76 

Croghan, James. Patent Chair, Patent Combined Sofa 105 

Clark, W. H. Heath's Patent Chair 105 

Chicago Iron Bedstead Manufacturing Company. Iron Bedsteads 105 

Chicago Curtain Fixture Company. Magic Curtain Fixture 105 

Cobb, Z., & Sons. Springs 105 

Clancey, Thomas. Vessel Model 106 

Clark & Hill. Brushes 125 

Church, Merwin. Stoves and Ranges 125 

Campbell, Freeman. Hair Goods 130 

Cox, J., & Co. Artificial Flowers 142 

Crell, C. A. Paper Collars and Cuffs 146 

Champlin & Rogers, Machinists' Tools 216 

Clapp, J. I. & J. W. Wool . 225 

Constantine, T. S. Fancy Woods 225 

Chase, Hanford & Co. Paints, etc 226 

Chicago White Lead and Oil Company. Paints, etc 228 

Clindining & Co. Cerate 228 

Champion Smut Mill Company. Smut Mill. 237 

Cushman, G. W. H., & Co. Excavator 238 

Clinton, E. H. Harvester 238 

Clarke, F. L. Brick Machine 250 

Crei-ar, Adams & Co. Railway Supplies. 250 

Colburn, L. J. Candy, etc 258 

Crane Bros. Manufacturing Compaiiy. Steam Pumps, etc 259 

Chicago Portable Track and Car Company. Cars, etc 269 

Chicago Taylor Press Company. Printing Press 269 

Chapen & Mitchell. Bristol Washing Machine 272 

Cushman, G. W. H., & Co. Knitting Machine 273 

Calkins Champion Washer Company, Washing Machine 273 

Central Yeast Company. Yeast Cakes 293 

Corbett, Scoville & Co. Washing Powder 293 

Chicago & Peoria Yeast Company, Yeast Cakes 293 

Coan & Ten Broeke Manufacturing Company. Carriages 300 

Champion Fire Extinguishing Company. Fire Extinguishers--. 307 

Coyle & Dickenson. Shirts.. 146 

Chase, L. C, & Co. Harness & Horse Furnishing Goods 169 

Colorado Industrial Association. Ore of Precious Metals 172 

Chicago Stone Pipe Company. Stone Pipe 173 

Chicago Artificial Stone Company. Artificial Stone 174 

Chicago Composition (granite Company. Artificial Stone 174 

Chicago Terra Cotta Company. Terra Cotta 174 

Carpenter, John W. Scotch Granite 175 

Chicago Plate and Bar Mill Company, Plate and Sheet Iron 189 

Carsley, R. B,, & Co, Embossing Press, etc 189 

Chicago Vice and Tool Company, Anvils, Vices and Tools 189 

Cribben, H. Stoves ., 189 

Chicago Shot Tower Company, Improved Shot 190 

Chicago Stove Works. Stoves 190 

Champlin, E. C. Ventilator 191 

Clark, Abbott & Co. Railroad and Machinists' Hardware 191 

Clinton Wire Cloth Company. Wire Goods 191 

Continental Bolt Manufacturing Company. Bolts and Bolt Work 191 

Covert, D, S. Safes, Vault Doors, etc. 192 

Cragin, H. B., & Co. House Furnishing Goods -- 192 

Dale, Jas. Book Binding 77 

Decorative Wood Carpet Company. Wood Carpet 106 

Dixon & Co. Show-Cases 106 

Driver, Thomas. Sash, Blinds, and Doors 107 



INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. 7 

PAGE 

Donavan, D. Howard, Patent Chair Seats J 146 

Downs & Sias. Clothing 147 

Damon, Temple & Co. Neck Wear 147 

Doggett, Bassett & Hill. Boots and Shoes 147 

Dane, Westlake & Covert. Car Lamps, etc 192 

Disston, Henry, & Son. Saws 192 

Dolan, Wm., & Co. Patent Oil Cans . 193 

Dicks, W. Flower Pot Bracket 193 

Dalton, J. P., & Co. House Furnishing Goods 207 

Drummond, D. Screw-driver — 207 

Douglass, W. & B. Pumps, etc 208 

Davis Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 274 

Davis, \V. P., & Co. Sewing Machine Attachments 274 

Desmond, Wm. Plants, etc 289 

DeWilde & Co. Wines, etc 294 

Elmore, T. J., &Co. Pianos -. 88 

Electric Improvement Company. Telegraph Instruments 100 

Empire Parlor Bedstead Company. Patent Bedsteads 107 

Estell & Jenkins. Gold Pens, etc 130 

Elmer, Ball & White. Buckskin Under-Garments 140 

Ely & Co. Fine Clothing 147 

Essers, H. Boots and Shoes 147 

Emmerich, Chas. Pillows and Feathers 226 

Easter, J. D., & Co. Marsh Harvester 239 

Excelsior Press Brick Manufactuiing Company. Brick Machine 252 

Elgin Board of Trade. Daiiy Products 290 

Ellin wood, W. J. Seeds and Grain 290 

Fassett. S. M. Photographs 70 

Fishbeck, F., & Co. Patent Lounge 107 

Fisher, J. Hyde. Refrigerators 107 

Frost, W. E. Wood Work 107 

Foster, G. F., Son & McFarren. Ship Chandlery 142 

Fargo, C. H., & Co. Boots and Shoes 147 

Fisk, D. B., & Co. Millinery Goods 148 

Frear, Geo. A. Artificial Stone, etc 176 

Fairbanks, Morse & Co. Scales, etc .- 208 

Fuller, Warren & Co. Stoves, etc 210 

Flammer, C Ornamental Japanned Ware 211 

French & Co. Lard, etc . 227 

Fairbank, Peck & Co. Lard 229 

Filer, Stowell & Co. Gang Bolter 259 

Farrar & Wheeler. Sewing Machines ^. 275 

Gentile, C. Photographs 70 

Green, P. B. Views 70 

Gardner, J. E. Artificial Limbs 94 

Goodwille & Goodwille. Frames and Mouldings 107 

Green & Spear. Bedding, etc. 126 

Glassbrook, M. Hair Goods 130 

Giles Bros. & Co. Jewelry, etc. 131 

Graef & Fields. Plated Ware 132 

Graham Bros. Soaps, Perfumery, etc. 135 

Gordon, W. J. M. Chemicals, etc 136 

Gillett, McCulloch & Co. Extracts 136 

Gibson & Tyler. Blankets 141 

Guest, Miss H. Hair Work 142 

Gould, Peaice & Co. Carpets, etc 142 

Griswold, J. W., & Co. Cloaks, etc. 148 



8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

PAGE 

Gage, Mallory & Co. Furs - 148 

Gerry, N. E., & Co. Over Gaiters & Leggins 148 

Greensfelder, Rosenthal & Co. Boots and Shoes. 149 

Goodyear Rubber Co. Rubber Goods 149 

Glantz & Hoffman. Furs 149 

Gowan Marble Co. Mantles, etc 176 

Goble & Co. Pumps, etc 193 

Gould Bros. & Diblee. Iron Goods, etc _. 193 

Givaudan, Ben. E., & Trested, Jr, Ranges, etc. 194 

Gilbert, M., & Co. Howes' Scales 205 

Galoway & Sargent. Soaps _ 229 

Gump, Chas. A., & Co. Mill Goods 239 

Gore & Edgcorhb. Machinery, etc. _ - 260 

Goodrich, H. C. Tuck Marker _ 276 

Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Co. Sewing Machines 276 

Gunther, C. F. Confectionery 294 

Hubbard M. G. Mowers and Reapers 240 

Hall Brothers. Fire Extinguisher 253 

Hutchings, W. Fire Extinguisher 254 

Harden, Jno. Glass Bearings 254 

Heath & Hobkirk. Machinery ___. 261 

Harris & Sanborn. Engines 262 

Home Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 277 

Howe Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 277 

Hovey & Co. Garden Seeds 289 

Hefferon, D. S. Flower Seeds _ 289 

Hutchings, C. S., & Co. Starch 293 

Hartshorn, O. S. Natural History .- 296 

Henderson, C. M., & Co. Boots and Shoes , 152 

Holderness, S., & Co, Rubber Stamps ._ 153 

Hotchkin, Palmer & Co. Ladies' Bonnets 153 

Herkimer, J. Harness, etc, _ 170 

Hall, E. R. Hollow File 176 

Hanson, C. H. Stencils 194 

Harris, S. H. Safes 194 

Hall's Safe and Lock Company. Safes 195 

Hill, H. W., & Co. Hog Ringer 196 

Hewett Manufacturing Company. Patent Sad Irons 196 

Herron, S. J. Van's Ranges 196 

Houghton Copper Company. Lake Superior Copper 196 

Hunt, Edwin, & Sons. Hardware — 196 

Hoyt, W. M., & Co. Tea Cannister --. 197 

Hitchcock & Walker. Bells 197 

Heath & Milligan. Paints 229 

Holden, Tascott & Co. Paints .-- . 229 

Harrison, W. M. Farm Wagon — 240 

Hall, Alfred. Photographs 70 

Heap, Mrs. L. E. Wax Work 71 

Hiatt & LeRoy. Artificial Limbs 94 

Hale, A. L. & Bro. Furniture - 107 

Huntington, W. F., & Co. Spring Beds 108 

Hart & Co. Clothes Bars, etc 108 

Hill, E. A. Children's Carriages 108 

Harper, J. H. Fly Trap 126 

Hittorf, H. J. Clock _.. 132 

Huyck «& Knox. Extracts 138 

Hoffman, E. H. Meerschaum Goods — 149 

Haskell Brothers. Trunks . 150 

Hollister, E. F., & Co. Furniture and Carpets _ 150 



INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. 9 

PAQH 

Huyck, G. L., & Co. Furnishing Goods .- 150 

Hirch& Co. Umbrellas, etc 150 

Halleck & Wheeler. Rubber Goods - - - 150 

Hall &Bro. Horse Covers 152 

Hughes, E. M. & A. A. Children's and Infants' Clothing 152 

Invisible Weather Strip Company. Weather Strips -_. 270 

Illinois Glass Company. Glass — 1 22 

Industrial Class. Fancy Goods — 142 

Iowa Railroad Land Company. Minerals and Products 172-286 

Isaacs, M. C, & Co. Wire Brooms, etc --. 197 

Iron Clad Can Company. Patent Cans 197 

Illinois Iron and Bolt Company. Copy Presses, etc 197 

Jerome, C. C. Burglar Alarm _ ... 218 

Joliet Iron and Steel Company. Iron, etc _ 199 

Jefferson Iron Works. Nails, etc _- 199 

Jevne, Otto, & Co. Stained Glass Windows 73 

Justi, H.D. Artificial Teeth 95 

Johnson & Land. Artificial Teeth 95 

Jacobs, E. A. Cords and Tassels __ 153 

Johns, H. W. Asbestos Roofing 177 

John, James. Fire Proof Construction 177 

Jones & Laughlin. Cold Rolled Iron and Steel 197 

Jetter, Chas. J. Wire Goods 198 

Jewett & Root. Stoves 198 

Johnston Harvester Company. Harvesting Machines 241 

Johnnotts, S. Potatoe Digger 241 

Johnson, R. M. Fire Fxtinguisher. 255 

Klein, George J. Photographs 70 

Kalteich, Otto. Trusses, etc 95 

Kellogg, A. W. Patent Table Waiter 122 

Keith, A. B. Cosmoline 136 

Kelsheimer & Sandheimen. Boots and Shoes 153 

Kimbark Bros. & Co. Chrome Steel, etc 199 

Kenosha Hardware Company. Castings, etc 200 

Koch, Gustave. Dies, etc 200 

Kirk & Barker. Heavy Hardware 211 

Keyes, D. H. Patent Oil Safe.. 211 

Killefer, J. Nut-threading Machine 255 

Ksempfer, F. Birds, etc _ 296 

Lovejoy & Foster. Stereoscopic Views 70 

Leonard, Mrs. C. E., & Daughter. Feather Flowers 71 

Leber, John. Imitation Flowers 72 

Leckie, Franklin. Sign Painting 77 

Lawrence, J. R., & Co. Paper Carpeting and Oil Cloth 78 

Lighte, F. C., & Co. Pianos and Organs 89 

Lyon & Healy. Pianos, Organs, etc _ 89 

Lawrence, Dr. J. W. Dentistry 95 

Lawrence, E. C, & Co. China, Crockery, etc 122 

Lazell, Marsh & Gardener. Drugs, Extracts, Perfumery 137 

Lehman, J. Pocket-books 137 

Levy Brothers & Co. Imported Fancy Goods 137 

Laflin & Rand Powder Company. Gunpowder 163 

Lundy, R. L., & Son. Brick Machine. _ 178 

Leavenworth, E. E. Stoves and Ranges 200 

Lester, M. W., & F. Ranges, Furnaces, Stoves _ 200 

Lochwood, J. F., & Co. Model Carburetor. _. 201 



ro EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

PAGE 

Lissberger, H., & Co. Lead Pipe, etc. _ __ 201 

Lagergren, Alfred. Model Ship " Baltic," 255 

Lewis, Oliver and Phillips. Bolt Machinery, etc 263 

Lerow, J. H., & Co. Blees Sewing Machine ___ _. 277 

Lamb Knitting Machine Company, Machine, and Samples of Work 281 

Merker Brothers. Fancy Goods -_ __ 137 

Mendelson, G. Worsteds, etc _ 143 

Munson & Co. Leather Belting . 153. 

Mc .\uley, Yoe & Co. Boots and Shoes _ 154 

Morse, Mrs. M. Self-Fitting Dress Chart .... 154 

Mackenzie, C. Hats and Caps --^- 154 

. McCormick & Clark. Boots and Shoes 154 

Murry & Baker. Water-proof Covers, etc 170 

Morley, Wm. Clamps, etc. 170 

McNeal & Urban. Safes, etc.. _. _ 201 

Mallcry, M. Vat 202 

McCoun & Co. Jones' Bells 202 

Mitchell, Geo. Wire Work 203 

Manning, W. K. Gas Burners 203 

Mason, C, & Co. Castings 203 

Morton, Hull & Co. Victor Scales 203 

Moline Plow Company. Plows ..* 241 

Mitchell, Lewis & Co. Wagons '. 242 

McCormick, C. H., & Co. Reapers, etc 242 

Manz, J. Engraving 68 

Mosher, C. D. Photographs 70 

Misch, Geo. A., & Bro. Fancy Glass Windows 73 

Middleton, J. W. Blank Books, etc 78 

Mason & H amlin Organ Company go 

Manasse, L. Optical Goods 96 

Marsh & Bowles. Trusses, etc 96 

Michigan School Furniture Company __ no 

Monzel, John. Furniture no 

Mueller & Gloeckner. Brackets, etc no 

Mason, Dr. O. L. Patent Lounge and Gate no, 243 

Mayer, Frank, & Co. Bedsteads, etc in 

McDonough, Rice & Co. Lounges, etc in 

McClelland & Sage. Glass and Bottles :_. 123 

Merrill, H. P.,& Co. Crockery, etc 123 

Milligan, P. Glass Blowing : 123 

Marvin, S. H. Splint Baskets 126 

Mallinckrodt, G., & Co. Chemicals 137 

Mann, Bell, & Co. Perfumery, etc 137 

Mackey, Walker & Co. Machinery . 263 

Moody, W. F. Machinery ._ 263 

Marder, Luse & Co. Type, etc '. . 264 

Miller, W. M. Wool 302 

Nickel & Strassberger. Surveying Instruments __ 98 

Northwestern Show-Case Manufacturing Company. Show-Cases ill 

Nesbett, James, & W. H. Jones. Patent Window Frame in 

National School Furniture Company. School and Church Furniture _. in 

Norris, B. F., & Co. Clocks, Jewelry, Silver Ware, etc '... 133 

Novelty Manufacturing Company. Baby Carriages, etc. 154 

Nutting, A. J. Clothing 154 

Newman, Julius. Corsets and Hoop Skirts __. 154 

Northern Pacific Railroad Company. Minerals 173 

Northwestern Marble and Granite Company. Monuments, etc 179 

Norton Brothers. Japanned Ware 204 



INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. II 

PAGE 

Nevers & Co. Measuring Faucet 204 

Nes. Silicon Steel Company. Steel Rails 205 

N6rllnveslein H()r>e Nail Company. Horse Nails 205 

North Chicago Rolling Mill Company. Iron Bars, etc. — 219 

Nonotuck Silk Company. Spool Silk and Twist 225 

National Watch Company. Miniature Watch Factory 265 

Northwestern Inventor^' Exchange. Models 301 

Ormsby, E. D. Photography 71 

Ogle.^by, Barnitz & Co. l'aper-_ 78 

Occidental Manufacturing Company, Baby Jumper 112 

Ordway & Newland. Clothing 155 

Ortmayer, Lewis & Co. House Furnishing Goods 170 

Owen, Wm., & Son. Pulsometer. _ 271 

Peltzer, Otto. Chicago Atlas 80 

Prairie Farmer. Newspapers 84 

Phillips, Dr. John. Optical Goods 98 

Porttr, E. Payson. Type Writer 98 

Polachek, M. Mathematical Goods 99 

Patent Paper Safety Seat Company. Patent Paper 112 

Prindle, C, S. Cabinet Billiard Tables 112 

Payzant & Co. Tal)le Leaf Supporter 112 

Parker & Til ton. Hats, Furs, etc 155 

Pingree & Smith. Fine Shoes 155 

Peck, Spencer H. Carpets, Curtains, etc 156 

Peare, R. M., & Co. Rubber Goods, etc 157 

Phelps, Dodge & Co. Boots and Shoes 157 

Palmer, Lieut. G. H. Army Equipments 165 

Providence Tool Company. Heavy Hardware, etc 206 

Parkhurst & Wilkinson. Hardware, Wood Stock, etc 206 

Pope, S. L Heaters, etc 207 

Preston, E. B. Rubber Goods, etc 207 

Page Bros. & Co. Boot and Shoe Machinery 266 

Plumb, Burdick & Barnard. Bolt Forging Machine 266 

Page, M. E., & Co. Confectionery- 294 

Quigg, J. Freeman. Baby Swings 157 

Rocher, H. Photography 71 

Rider, B. L. Photography _ 71 

Rosenthal, L. N. Fancy Card-boards ' 80 

Rand, McNaUy & Co. Printers 81 

Rock River Paper Company. Building Paper: 81 

Reynolds & Reynolds. Patent Book Cover 81 

Reed, A., & Sons. Pianos 90 

Refrigerating Company of Chicago. Model 131 

Roddin & Hamilton. Watches and Jewelry 133 

Ryan, Justin. Soaps . 138 

Rollins, A. W., & Co. Woolen and Cotton Goods 140 

Remington, E., & Sons. Fire Arms 165 

Ransom, S. H., & Co. Stoves 211 

Roth. Jno. F. Patent Sash Balance 212 

Robinson, E. H. Ruling Device . 212 

Rathbone, Sard & Co. Stoves __. 213 

Reese, Abram. Car Stove 213 

Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company. Door Trimmings 214 

Roberts, C. E., & Co. Screws ._ 214 

Rogers & Co. Wrought Iron Pipe, etc 214 

Reynolds, C. T., & Co. Stove Polish 230 



12 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

PAGE 

Ritchie, Hugh. Soaps , 231 

Roper Caloric Engine Company. Caloric Engine 267 

Remington Empire Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines _ 278 

Reynolds, J. M., Concho Company. Shells and Corals 296 

Rochester Machinery M'f g Company. Wood and Iron Working Machinery, 302 

Sinclair Brothers, Ventilators 215 

Starke, Wm. Bed Springs -. 215 

Sterns & Coates. Health Lift __ 215 

Sargent, Greenleaf & Brooks. Locks, etc 215 

Scott, Geo. M. Bellows... 216 

Sperry, D. A., &Co. Hollow Ware ._ 216 

Sturges, Frank, & Co. Tinners' Goods, etc. _. 216 

Spaulding, N. W., & Bro. Saws 217 

Smith, Edward. Brass Castings 217 

Sard & Foote. Patent Stove Furniture 221 

Smith, J. Willard, & Co. Veneers, etc. 226 

Strum, Adolph. Fancy Woods 226 

Shipman, D. B. Paints, etc . 230 

Schneider, E. Candles 230 

Schoneman E., & Co. Stove Polish 230 

Storer, Jacob J. Mining Machinery 231 

Soule, Kretzinger & Co. Farming Tools 243 

Springfield Manufacturing Company. Corn Planters 244 

Sandwich Manufacturing Company. Corn Shellers 244 

Severn, Thomas. Photography 71 

Sanford Manufacturing Company. Inks, etc 82 

Sheldon & Co. Books, etc 82 

St. Louis Piano Company. Pianos _ 91 

Story & Camp. Pianos and Organs _ 91 

Schram Bros. & Co. Moldings, etc 114 

Seng, W., & Co, Patent Lounge and Chair 114 

Steph, Lanyard & Co. Wood Work 114 

Sammons, Clark & Co. Moldings, etc 114 

Sherwood School Furniture Company 115 

Strong, W. W., Furniture Company. Fine Furniture 115 

Shultz, John F. Self-waiting Table _. 115 

Schaff Bros. Cylinder Desks 115 

Stephani, Manheimer & Hart. Billiard Table 116 

Scott & Ovingtoii Bros. China, etc 123 

Starring, L. T. Decorated China , 124 

Steele & Price. Baking Powder & Extracts. 138 

Sargent, E. H. Surgical Instruments 138 

Stein, Mrs. E. H. Fancy Goods 139 

Serville Manufacturing Company. Sheet Metals, etc ._ 214 

Stow, N. L. Wagon Material, etc L 214 

Smith, C. H. Lightning Rods 214 

Seymour, Morgan & Allen. Mower and Reaper 244 

Superior Machine Company. Mining Machine 244 

Silsby Manufacturing Company. Fire Engine 269 

vSherrar & McGarigal. Washing Machine .__ 278 

Sewing Machine Power Company 279 

Star Tucker Company. Tuck Marker 279 

Singer Sewing Machine Company 279 

Sharp, W. H., & Co. Florence Sewing Machine. 280 

State of Kansas. Farm Products 288 

Sanders, Edgar. Flower Seeds, etc 284 

Sheppard, W. T. Flowers, etc 290 

Star Chemical Works. Chemicals, etc 194 

Strickland, J. Birds, etc. 296 



INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. 13 

PAGE 

The Commercial Advertiser 75 

Thomas, G. F., & Co. Decalcomanie 82 

Truesdell, G. S., & Co. Mops 83 

The New York Life Insurance Company 83 

The Scientific Farmer 85 

The Lakeside Monthly --- 85 

Thompson, J. S., & Co. Fine Printing ._ 86 

The Western Electric Manufacturing Company. Electric Instruments, etc.- loi 

The Bradley Window Company. Patent Window 116 

The Stein Patent Burial Casket Company. Caskets 116 

Terhune, M. Show-Cases 117 

The Woven Wire Mattress Company. Matresses, etc 117 

Treleaven, Walter. Gold Pens 134 

Thayer, Henry, & Co. Drugs, etc 139 

Tuell, Ripley & Deming. Flannels 142 

Ticsworth, A. D. Clothing 158 

Theim, Robert. Boots and Shoes 158 

Tuttle & Sirtz. Coal 173 

Tracey, J. L. Minerals 173 

Teel, Andrew P. Roofing Slate 181 

The Northwestern Gas and Water Pipe Company i8i 

The Schuremann & Hand Mantle Company 181 

The Mechanics' Type Foundry. Printing Press 202 

Tillotson Bros. & Co. Stoves and Ranges 217 

Tenny & Potter. Stamps, Stencils, etc 217 

The Corrugated Iron Company. Iron Work 217 

Tibbals, Shirk & Whitehead. Stoves 218 

The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company. Stove Polish 231 

The Drake Rotary Fire Extinguisher Company. Engine 251 

Thomas Barrows & Co, Victor Sewing Machines 272 

The Weed Sewing Machine Company. Machines and Work.. 282 

Trepry, Isaiah. Flowers, etc 2go 

The Alden Fruit Preserving Company 2yi 

Tansill, R. W.. & Co. Cigars 295 

The Great American Brick Machine Company 303 

Udell Ladder and Wooden Ware Company. Ladders 127 

Ulbricht & Ross. Harness Tools . 172 

United States Plaster Casting Company 182 

Union Pacific Railroad Land Department 288 

Vandercook & Co. Wood Engraving 69 

Valentine, P. P., & Co. Metal Moulding, etc 127 

Van Cott, A. B., & Co. Watches, Jewelry, etc. 134 

Vanderburg, A.C., & Co. Perfumes, etc, , 139 

Vergho, Ruhling & Co. Toys and Fancy Goods 158 

Vogler & Geudtner. Trunks and Traveling Bags 159 

Van Schaack, H. C. Stoves, Ranges, etc 224 

Vant, Cook & Co. Corn Sheller and Cleaner 267 

Vicks, James. Gladiolas 390 

Western Bank Note Company. Steel Engraving 6g 

White & Brayley. Li thography 69 

Waters & Co. " Our Fireside Friend " . 86 

Wing, J. M., & Co. " Land Owner"... , 86 

Winebrener, Marshall H. Dentistry 96 

White. Samuel S. Dental Instruments, etc 97 

Whipple, C. H. Folding Mattress 118 

Wilson Adjustable Chair Company, Chairs 118 



14 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

PAGE 

Whittlesey & Peters. Woven Wire Mattress ii8 

Wilson/ I'ierce & Co. Adjustable Weather Guards and Chair iig 

Wilder, James D. Liquid Slating I2I 

Wolcott, Smith & Co. Glass, Paints, etc 124 

Wheeler, H. N., & Co. Chandeliers, etc 124 

White Manufacturing Company. Safety Lamp 124 

Way's Lever Wringer Company. Clothes Wringers ' . 127 

Woods, Sherwood & Co. Wire Goods, etc. 128 

White, J. F. & J. E. Wooden and Willow Ware __.. 128 

Wendell & Hyman. Silver Ware, etc. 134 

Western Cutlery Company. Cutlery, etc ._ 135 

Wadhams, A. S., & Co. Masonic Goods . 143 

Walker, Oakley & Co. Leather 159 

Wilde, Bluett. & Co. Clothing and Furnishing Goods 159 

Warner, Marston & Felix. Willow Ware, etc 159 

Wakefield, Cyrus. Button Goods 159 

Webster, D., & Co. Millinery, etc 160 

Wells, M. D., cS: Co, Boots & Shoes.. 160 

Wetherell, H. W. Millinery Goods 160 

Wiswall, A. A. Boots and Shoes 160 

Wilson Brothers, Gent.'s Furnishing Goods ._ 160 

Wayte, John. Shirts and Home Laundry Work 161 

Webber & Harkin. The " Berlin Shirt," etc ■ 161 

Whitehouse, J. J. Dupont's Powder . 166 

Waldron, Niblock & Co, Coal 173 

Wright, Timothy, & Co. Artificial Sandstone 182 

Wollensack, J. F. Locks, Bells, etc 218 

Westfield Lock Works. Locks, Latches, etc 219 

Wakefield Earth Closet Company. Earth Closet 219 

Wyandotte Rolling Mill Company. Rails, Bar Iron, etc 219 

Wilson & Granden. Oil Cans and Tanks 220 

Warren Bros. Center Pieces for Ceilings 220 

Wade, J. J. Gas Fixtures, etc 221 

Wayne, J. L., & Son. Hardware, etc 221 

Wilcox, W. W. Baggage Checks, etc 222 

Wilks, Stephen. Car and Hotel Ranges 222 

Winne, A. L., & Co. Steam Heating Apparatus 222 

Wolf, L. Copper and Brass Works 223 

Wallon, C. C, & Sons, Sole and Harness Leather 227 

Warder, Mitchell & Co. Mowers and Reapers 245 

Walter A, Wood Mowing and Reaping Machine Company 246 

Woodmanse, H, Automatic Wind Engine: 247 

Williams & Orton Manufacturing Company. Pulleys, etc. 256 

Wiley & Russell. Bolt Cutters 256 

Walworth, Brooks & Co. Steam Pumps, etc 267 

Wilson Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines and Work 280 

Wilcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 282 

Weary, Frank O. Casters .. 283 

White Elk Vineyards. Wines ^ 295 

Wehle, A., & Co.. Cigars 295 

Young- Men's Christian Association , . 87 

Zeese, A., & Co, Electrotypers „ 87 

Zella, A. Billiard Table 121 

Zaremba, Dr. Chas. W. Wine of Boldo ,. _ , 295 



Inj^roburfiom 




ISTORY tells us of not a city since the world began, that 
has taken such a leading place in the commerce of the 
world, in so short a time, as has the City of Chicago — 
and it is entirely unnecessary to add how much of this 
is due to its many eminent merchants and manufacturers, 
those who have, by untiring industry and a strict atten- 
tion to their affairs, enlarged their business and increased their stock, 
until the palatial warehouses, reared as monuments to their enter- 
prise, were filled with innumerable goods of value and artistic beauty, 
not only from our own country but from many foreign ones. 

The business men of Chicago have the deserved reputation, both 
at home and abroad, of being men of extraordinary business capacity, 
judgment and enterprise, and in the rearing of the immense Exposition 
Building in the short space of ninety days, Chicago has shown enter- 
prise unparalleled throughout the world, and our city stands to-day 
pre-eminently forth without a rival as the wonder and marvel of 
the age. 

Upon the following pages we propose to spread before our readers 
a brief history of Chicago from 1795 to the present time, with inter- 
esting statistical matter of her merchants and manufacturers ; also a 
complete and official record of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition 



i6 



EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 



from its inception to its close, naming each exhibitor, and giving an 
extended description of the goods exhibited. 

Well knowing the great value of this work, and the importance of 
its reliability, the data, etc., from which it has been compiled, has all 
been gotten directly from official and reliable sources, and it is with 
mingled pride and pleasure that the publishers place the same before 
you for your consideration and, we trust, approval, well knowing that 
neither time, care nor expense have been spared to make this work 
one that may be referred to in after years as a Souvenir of Chicago 
and her Great Exposition of 1873. 

If such be the casCj our object will have been attained. 







I?isforiral( jSl^pfrf of (Jlirago^ 




ICHARD COBDEN, it is said, once remarked that no man 
ought to die without visiting America, to see Niagara and 
Chicago. The city of Chicago has been regarded as one 
of the marvels of the age. Her rapid growth and her 
stately magnificence have been the astonishment of the 
world. Her early history, when contrasted with her wealth 
and grandeur at the present time, becomes of peculiar interest. 

Chicago is situated near the head of Lake Michigan, and has an ele- 
vation of five hundred and ninety-one feet above the sea. It is situ- 
ated upon both sides of the Chicago river, a slow stream, which, at a 
point little over half a mile from the mouth, is formed by the junc- 
tion of two streams or branches, one flowing from the northwest and 
the other from the southwest. The river and branches divide the 
city into three natural parts, legally known as the South, North and 
West Divisions. The South Division includes all the territory east 
of the south branch and south of the main river. The North Divis- 
ion includes the area east of the north branch and north of the river ; 
while the West Division includes all that part of the city west of the 
two branches. From 1681 to 1795, during the time of the French 
possession, and after its cession to England, very little is known of 
Chicago or the surrounding country. After the declaration of peace 
between the Colonists and the English, the latter, by intrigue, stirred 
up the border Indian warfare, which became general in the Western 
States, and continued until 1795, at which period, having been effect- 



1 8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

ually^ chastised by General Wayne, the chiefs of the several tribes of 
Indians, by his invitation, assembled at Greenville, Ohio, and there 
effected a treaty of peace, which closed the War of the West. 
Among the numerous small tracts of land where forts and trading- 
posts had been established, then ceded by the Indians to the United 
States, was one described as follows : One piece of land, six miles 
square, at the mouth of the Chikajo river, emptying into the south- ^ 
west end of Lake Michigan, where a fort formerly stood. Here we 
have an account of the first land trade of Chicago — the first tran- 
saction in that line of business which has at times distinguished Chi- 
cago above every other city of the nation — the first link in the chain 
of title to thousands upon thousands of transfers that have been 
made of the soil thus parted with by the Indians. 

When the first settlers of Chicago began to congregate and erect 
their cabins, with the view of forming the nucleus of a town, the 
point selected as the most available for village purposes was the tract 
on the West side, at the junction of the north and south branches, 
.and at first called Wolf's Point. In addition to the few buildings that 
^were standing in 1818, we have only to mention this group at Wolf's 
Point, two or three buildings on the south side, between the point 
..and the fort, and the Miller House, on the north side. 

The Miller House stood on the point of land between the north 
.branch and the main channel. It was a log structure partly sided, 
.and was erected by Mr. Samuel Miller, who resided here with his 
family and a brother by the name of John Miller. This house was 
.used as a tavern. A little above its mouth on the north branch, was 
.a log bridge, which gave access from that quarter to the business of 
the agency, and the little trade which may have continued up to this 
time on the north branch. 

But the center of attraction was at Wolf's Point, opposite the Mil- 
ler House. Here, too, was another tavern, the public house, par 
excellence, of Chicago — the schoolhouse and church, as well as the 
store. On the south side, the most prominent object of interest was 
the tavern kept by Mr. Elijah Wentworth, a man familiarly known as 
" Old Geese," not as a burlesque on the worthy landlord, but as a 
compliment to his distinctive and original character. This building 
was partly log and partly frame, and was situated on the ground north 
of Lake Street Bridge, now occupied as a lumber-yard. North of 
.this tavern was an oblong building, which had been erected by Father 
Walker, a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for a place 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 19 

of worship and for a school-house. Mr. Walker had at times minis- 
tered to the spiritual wants of the settlement from this rude temple. 
Mr. W. had a residence in the country, known as Walker's, which 
distinguished the locality at that time, which is now Plainfield, Will 
county. This log tabernacle was the meeting-house of the town. 
Mr. See, who, it seems, was the local preacher or exhorter, and who 
resided at the Point, was the supply Avhich was most generally afforded. 
Preaching was upon a par with other callings and employments of 
the place. Mr. Wentworth's tavern was the best one kept in Chi- 
cago. It was the place where men of character who visited the 
town always stopped. It was the headquarters of Gen. Scott, when 
he came to Chicago with the troops'for the Black Hawk War, in 1832. 
The distinctive name of this celebrated tavern, as familiarly used by 
all the settlers, was "Rat Castle," in contrast with its rival in distinc- 
tion on the north side, "Cobweb Castle," and in commemoration of 
a large class of regular boarders that infested its premises, as well as 
every other cabin on the river shore. Next south of Wentworth's 
tavern was the residence of James Kinzie. 

Next to these were log cabins in which resided Alexander Robin- 
son, and here occasionally resided Billy Caldwell, whose wife was 
the wild daughter of an Indian chief, and her presence did not 
always hallow his wigwam with the sanctity of peace. Still further 
south of these was the store-house of Mr. Robert A. Kinzie, son of 
Mr. John Kinzie, who had succeeded his father in the Indian trade, 
and his stock consisted of groceries, Indian goods and supplies for 
the settlers, and was the store of the village as essentially as Went- 
worth's was the village tavern. Across the south branch, on the west 
side, resided Mark Beaubien, brother of Gen. J. B. Beaubien, who 
also kept a tavern. In 183 1, his establishment had risen to a two-story 
dwelling, painted, with green blinds, and soon attained to the title of 
the Saganash Hotel — which was the Indian name of Billy Caldwell 
— and so called in honor of that distinguished chief and man of the 
times, for he was then one of the prominent residents of Chicago. 
It stood near what is now the southeast corner of Lake and Market 
streets. By this time there had been a place of amusement started 
in a little, low, log shanty, where was set up a billiard table, at which 
citizens of leisure amused themselves in knocking about three cracked 
balls. Further up the south branch was the residence of a French 
Indian trader by the name of Bourissa. In the South Division, near 
the " slough" that drained the marshes of the south side, and emptied 



20 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

into the river at State street, was the trading-house of Medert Beau- 
bien — son of Col. Beaubien — a cabin of small pretensions. Upon 
the lake shore, a little distance south of the fort. Col. Beaubien 
resided in the cabin which he had purchased of the American Fur 
Company, in 1817 — which he had elevated to the dignity of a home- 
stead, and which was now familiarly known among the settlers by the 
name of the " Wigwam." Near this residence was his store, in which 
the American Fur Company kept a stock of goods for the Indian 
trade. 

Further south, the old Dean House had started on the way to ruin ; 
the water of the lake had gradually encroached upon the shore until 
it had undermined the foundations of the cabin, and it had fallen 
backward down the bank, where it lay, a type of ruin, an emblem, in 
the estimation of the croaker (who existed at that time, as well as the 
present), of the future of Chicago. Another settler about this time 
had taken up his residence in the suburbs, to be rated with the other 
" outside settlers " who had linked their fortunes with Chicago, for 
better or worse — and this was Dr. Harmon, the father of Isaac D. 
Harmon, who had made a claim a mile and a half south, on the lake 
shore, on the site of the Indian battle-ground of 181 2, and was making 
a fine improvement there. This was the place since known as Clark's, 
the site of which is now occupied by some of the finest residences in 
Chicago. 

In the year 1804, the United States erected Fort Dearborn upon 
the south bank of the river,- just east of the present Michigan avenue. 
Mr. Kinzie and his son John H., Indian traders, were the only white 
residents until the war of 181 2, when the post was abandoned. The 
small garrison, in attempting to escape, were captured by the Potta- 
watomies, and massacred at a point now represented by Twelfth street 
and Michigan avenue. In 1816 the fort was rebuilt, and the Kinzies 
returned, and the fort served for many years as a resting-place for 
emigrants passing to the west. The inhabitants did not exceed half 
a dozen families until, in 1827, Congress made a grant of land to aid 
in the construction of a canal to connect the waters of Lake Michigan 
with those of the Illinois river. In 1829 the State Legislature ap- 
pointed a commission to mark out the route of , the canal, and a sur- 
veyor arrived to mark out the town. Besides the garrison, at that 
time there were eight families, engaged mostly as Indian traders, in 
the place. Gov. Bond, the first Governor of Illinois, in his inaugural, 
in 1 8 18, called the attention of the General Assembly to the import- 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 21 

ance of opening a canal to connect Lake Michigan with the Illinois 
river. In his valedictory, in 1822, he again urged its importance. 
The session of Congress, 182 1-2, passed an Act granting " permission 
to the State of Illinois to cut a canal through the public lands con- 
necting the Illinois river with Lake Michigan, and granting to it the 
breadth ol^the canal and ninety feet on each side of it," coupled with 
the condition "that the State should permit all articles belonging to 
the United States, or any person in their employ, to pass toll free 
forever." 

With a hard and protracted struggle by numerous individuals, and 
especially by Daniel P. Cook, Esq., who was at that time Represen- 
tative in Congress, and from whom Cook county was named, an 
Act was passed by Congress, March 2d, 1827, granting to the 
State for the construction of this work, "each alternate section of 
land, five miles in width, on each side of the proposed canal." We 
make mention of these facts because it was from this Act of Congress 
the State acquired the title to those lands which have formed the 
basis for many of its most important financial transactions ; from 
which originated the titles to the valuable canal lands on which a 
large portion of the city is built — on which, too, villages, towns and 
cities have sprung up all along its line. 

In the autumn of 1829, commissioners authorized the laying-out of 
the " Town of Chicago," on the alternate section which belonged to'the 
canal lands — lying upon the main channel of the river, and over the 
junction of the two branches. The first map of the original town of 
Chicago, by James Thompson, bears date August 4th, 1830. This 
was the fij^st hegimiing of Chicago as a legally recognized place among 
the towns and cities of the world — the first official act of organization, 
which must accordingly be dated as its birth, or real starting-point, 
and the town was comprised within the limits of what are now known 
as Madison, State, Kinzie and Halsted streets, or about three-eights 
of a square mile. Hence this city, with a population of nearly 500,000 
— the leading mart in the world for grain, pork, lumber — arrived 
on the 4th day of August, 1873, at the precocious maturity of forty- 
three years. In 1831 Cook county was organized, embracing, in ad- 
dition to the present county, the territory which is now known by 
five other large and populous counties. The prospective work on 
the canal was attracting population, but, in 1832, the cholera visited 
the incipient city, and was very severe. In 1832, the first public re- 
ligious worship was held in a log hut erected for that purpose. The 



22 



EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 



tax-list for 1832 amounted to $148.29. Lake street was laid out the 
same year. In 1833 the settlement had increased enough to have a 
post-office, a postmaster and a weekly mail ; and late in the year» 
the Chicago Democrat^ a weekly paper, was started by John Calhoun. 
On the loth of August, the voters of Chicago held an election to de- 
termine whether they would become incorporated, and to' elect trus- 
tees. Everyman voted, and the number of voters was twenty-eight, 
many of whom are now living ; and the levy for city taxes in 1834 
was $48.90. In 1834 the number of voters had increased to one 
hundred and eleven, and a loan of %6o was negotiated for public im- 
provements. In 1835 the number of the voters was two hundred and 
eleven. In 1836 the town applied to the State Bank for a loan of 
$25,000, and was refused. In 1837 the Legislature incorporated the 
city of Chicago, and in May following the Hon. William B. Ogden 
was elected Mayor of Chicago. 

Thus, on the first Tuesday in May, 1837, thirty-six years ago, com- 
menced the city of Chicago, which then contained a population of 
4,179. The following is a statement of the population of Chicago, 
for each year since that time : 



Year. Population. 
1837 4,179 

1838. 4,OCM3 

1839 4,2CO 

1840 4,470 

I84I 5,500 

1842 6,590 

1843 7,580 

1844 8,000 

1845 12,088 

1846 ,_ 14 169 

1847 16,859 

1848 ._ 20,023 

1 849 23,047 

1850 28,269 

185 J 34000 

1852 38,734 

1853 .60,662 



Year. Population. 

1854 65,872 

1855 80,023 

1856 86,000 

1857 --- 93.000 

1858 not taken 

1859 90,000 

i860 109,263 

1861 120,000 

1862 137,030 

1863 150,000 

1864 161,288 

1865 . 187,446 

1866 ...--200,000 

1867 220,000 

1868 242,383 

1870 298,977 

1871 ..334,270 



At the present timie (1874) the population is fully 450,000 
This has been the extraordinary growth of this wonderful city. 
The natural line of the site of Chicago was but a few feet above 
that of the lake, and there was no drainage, and in seasons of rain 
the surface was covered with water. In the winter of 1855-6 the 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 23 

city ordered a change of grade, raising the height of the carriage- 
ways an average of eight feet. This placed the lower or ground 
story of each building several feet below the level of the street; but 
the inconvenience was rapidly overcome by raising all the buildings 
— brick, stone and wood — up to the level. All the large buildings, 
including many hotels, business blocks, warehouses, etc., were raised, 
by means of screws, from their foundations a height of from six to 
ten feet, and new foundations built under them. This secured deep, 
dry cellars, and admitted a thorough system of sewerage. The city 
ordered an effective dredging of the harbor, and the clay thus 
obtained served to fill the streets to the new grade. For several 
years, while this process was going on, the passage of Chicago streets 
was a work of trying difficulty to pedestrians. The expense was 
great, but was cheerfully borne by the property-holders. Then com- 
menced the works of permanent improvement in the city, and how 
far they had progressed may have been seen before the great fire, 
and is again apparent since her re-building. Probably no city in 
the world has so wonderful a record as has Chicago, and the great 
conflagration of October, 1871, which almost entirely obliterated 
the city — from which but few cities would have recovered in a cen- 
tury — only seemed to demonstrate the indomitable energy with 
which Chicagoans are possessed ; for although but two years have 
passed, we again find Chicago shining with redoubled splendor, and 
eclipsing her palmiest days. Where stool wood and brick when 
the city was destroyed, now are reared stately commercial palaces 
of marble and stone. 

As improbable as this history may appear, yet nevertheless it is the 
fact and demonstrates the adage that " truth is stranger than fiction," 
and serves well to illustrate to all the world that Chicago is (as she 
is properly termed) "a wonderful city." 




@$p ^fj^Qsifion. 




HE conception of the Great Exposition of 1873 may be 
said to date as far back as 1869, when an organization was 
formed under the name of the " Northwestern Mechanical 
and Agricultural Association," having in ultimate view, the 
holding of an Inter-State Industrial Fair, but it was found 
that nothing could be done at that time towards bringing 
about the desired effect, and the project was passed over tempora- 
rily ; and, although many fruitless efforts were made from that time 
up to the great fire in October, 1871, yet nothing like an organization 
with the desired view in end could be effected. Then came the mem- 
orable conflagration, and all previous thoughts of the Exposition were 
banished in the contemplation of the smoking ruins ; but after a brief 
period of down-heartedness, the work of reconstruction began, and 
while this work was in its first heat and force there was no time fo 
think of anything else ; all minds and energies were engrossed in 
the contemplation of the systematic piling of brick and stone. 
Not many months had elapsed before it became evident that no fears 
need be entertained as to the resurrection of the city, and then it was 
that the enterprising minds turned to something else, and among other 
things, came up, like Banquo's ghost, the favorite topic of the Expo- 
sition ; and in June, 1872, several gentlemen, including John B. Drake, 
Geo. S. Bowen and John Irving Pearce, the last three leading mem- 
bers of the present enterprise, got their license for a corporation " to 
establish a permanent institution in the way of an Industrial Fair, etc.'* 
The capital stock was fixed at $50,000, but the money was not forth- 



THE EXPOSITION. . 25 

coming, and the matter was held in abeyance, to be carried out at 
some future day. Thus ended the Industrial Exposition scheme for 
the time being — not dead, but sleeping. In February of the pres- 
ent year, the matter was revived by Mr. Bowen. Several meetings 
were held at various places in the city, but still no nearer the con- 
summation of the all-absorbing topic, apparently, than before. Finally, 
at an adjourned meeting, held at the Sherman House, the last of 
February, of this year, Mr. H. H. Taylor offered the following reso- 
lutions, which were adopted : 

Resolved, That it is the sense of this committee that a great Inter-State Indus- 
trial Exhibition shall be held in the city of Chicago during the coming fall, com- 
mencing on or about September 15, and continuing four or more weeks. 

Resolved, That the main object of the Exposition should be to exhibit in syste- 
matic arrangement, in one immense collection, the products of all kinds of mechan- 
ical, artistic, and industrial skill and labor, including the products of manufacturers, 
mines, inventions, agriculture, horticulture, painting, sculpture, and all the trades 
and arts, together with the raw and wrought materials of commerce in all forms. 

Resolved, That while the main object of the Exposition should be as above, the 
management should also provide amply for musical and other popular entertain- 
ments, and also cordially co-operate with any respectable auxiliary association that 
may undertake to inaugu.rate a grand live-stock exhibition, to be held in the vicinity 
of Chicago during the term of the Exposition. 

Resolved, That the Exposition should be national and metropolitan in its scope ; 
that the people of all States and all countries be cordially invited to contribute 
articles for exhibition in every department, and that our friends from abroad be 
assured of a warm welcome, hospitable entertainment, and equal facilities in every 
respect. 

Resolved, That, in the opinion of this Committee, the most eligible location for 
such an Exposition is that portion of the Lake Park situated north of Congress 
street, the same being in the great Burned District, near the heart of the city, near 
the central termini of all the street-car and omnibus lines, as well as within from 
two to ten minutes' walk of all the principal hotels, and all the railway depots and 
steamboat landings of the city. 

Resolved, That such location on the Lake Front will be equally accessible from 
all divisions and suburbs of the city, and thus promote the comfort and convenience 
alike of citizens and visitors from abroad, and especially render feasible the giving 
of evening entertainments, thus not only enlarging the sources of revenue, but ena- 
bling the business man, the mechanic, the clerk, the laboring man, and their fami- 
lies, comprising more than nine-tenths of the population of the city and its suburbs, 
to enjoy the advantages of the Exposition and attend the entertainments, evening 
after evening, at little or no cost for transportation, and without infringing on the 
hours of labor or business, and interrupting the city's industries. 

Resolved, That, in the opinion of this Committee, the increased receipts resulting 
from such accessible central location of the Exposition, with its attendant advan-' 
tages for evening exhibitions, musical and other entertainments, regardless of inclem- 



26 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

ent weather, will be more than equivalent to the whole cost of erecting even tem- 
porary, but ample and attractive buildings, certainly after allowing for the remain- 
ing value of materials after use therein. 

Resolved, That while a permanent Annual Exposition in Chicago is extremely 
desirable, and it is expected that such an institution will be the natural outgrowth 
of a successful result of the present enterprise, it is feared that there now remains 
insufficient time to consider and dispose of rival schemes, to raise sufficient capital 
for adequate, permanent buildings, and to erect the same in localities on the out- 
skirts of the city, and that such an attempt at this time would jeopardize the holding 
of an Exposition this year at alj. 

Resolved, That a mass meeting of the citizens of Chicago be called, for the even- 
ing of Saturday, the 8th inst., at the Chamber of Commerce, or other suitable place, 
to subscribe a guarantee capital of $150,000, conditioned that no part of the sub- 
scription shall be called in until two-thirds of the amount is subscribed, nor until 
the city authorities shall have granted the free use of the Lake Park until the 1st of 
January next, and conditioned also that, as soon as two-thirds of the capital is sub- 
scribed, the stockholders shall be duly called together for permanent organization, 
and to elect a President, a Board of Directors, or Commissioners, and such other 
officers as they may deem necessary to carry out their wishes. 

From this time forward the good work went bravely on, and it was 
beyond peradventure of a doubt that Chicago would soon realize her 
fondest hope. 

At the adjourned meeting held, in the Board of Trade hall, the 
Hon. John P. Reynolds, now the valued secretary of the enterprise, 
was called to the chair. After remarks from many prominent gentle- 
men present, including His Honor, Mayor Medill, Mr. R. T. Crane 
offered the following : 

Resolved, That the amount of capital stock of the Inter-State Industrial Exposi- 
tion shall be $150,000, in shares of $100 each. 

Resolved, That there may be the fullest co-operation of the entire city, $50,000 of 
the stock is appropriated to each of the three divisions, but only $35,000 in each 
division will be subscribed for the present ; the subscription books will be kept open 
tp the residents of each division only from March 10 to March 15, inclusive ; no one 
person, firm, or company will be allowed to take more than ten shares of the stock 
during such period; on and after March 17 the books will be open to the citizens 
generally, who may then subscribe for as many shares as they please, until the whole 
$105,000 is taken ; the remainder, $45,000, to be subscribed for as required ; no sub- 
scription to be binding until the $105,000 is subscribed for in full. 

Resolved, That a committee of nine be appointed to superintend the matter of 
soliciting subscriptions, three from each division of the city ; such committee shall 
also take the necessary steps to perfect the incorporation of said Exposition Com- 
pany under the laws of Illinois. 

Resolved, That those persons who did reside in the burnt district, and who con- 
template removing to their former places of residence, are considered, for the pur- 
pose of subscription, as residents of the Division in which they formei'ly lived. 



THE EXPOSITION. 27 

Resolved, That the above named committee shall consist of the following gentle- 
men : North Division, J. T. Ryerson, A. C. Hesing, W. K. Nixon ; South Division, 
N. S. TJouton, y. W. Harvey, Jacob Rosenberg; West Division, E. A. Bishop, D. 
W. Whittle, Peter Schuttler. 

Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that the recommendation of the 
Committee of Twelve is not only feasible, but highly desirable, and, if properly car- 
ried out, will prove of immense benefit to the city and profitable to the stockholders, 
as similar enterprises have proved elsewhere. 

Resolved, That an association shall at once be formed for the purpose specified 
in the Committee's report, and that its name shall be " The Inter-State Industrial 
Exposition of Chicago." 

From these resolutions, which were unanimously adopted, it will be 
seen that to Mr. Crane belongs the honor of "christening " the enter- 
prise. The ball was now open in good earnest, and the work in the 
hands of men in every way qualified for the labors they had taken 
upon themselves. The next meeting was held on March 10 in the 
Staats-Zeitung building, at which time and place the committee on 
organization met, and, on motion of Major Whittle, the following 
additional resolutions were adopted: 

Resolved, That subscriptions taken under the resolutions as read shall not be called 
for until the proper authority has been granted by the City Council for the free use 
of the grounds on the lake front on which to erect the Exposition building ; and be it 
further 

Resolved, That no one call shall exceed twenty-five per cent, of the amount sub- 
sci-ibed, and that not less than thirty days shall elapse between each call. 

The following address to our citizens was then submitted : 

We, the undersigned, were appointed by a public meeting, held in the Board of 
Trade rooms on Saturday, evening, March 8, to solicit subscriptions to the capital 
stock of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago. The object of this en- 
terprise is mainly to hold a grand exposition during the next fall in celebration of 
the anniversary of the fire. It is expected that musical and other entertainments 
will be added. There is no question but that this enterprise, if properly conducted 
and thoroughly indorsed by the masses of our people, will prove a great success, es- 
pecially so when we take into consideration the following facts : 

First. — The favorable location of Chicago for such an Exposition, and the location 
in the city — the lake front having been decided upon as the place to erect the 
building. 

Second. — The immense hotel accommodations Chicago affords. 

Third. — The great desire there is undoubtedly entertained by people throughout 
the entire country to see the new Chicago, which, by fall, will be in a superb condi- 
tion for inspection. From the experience of similar enterpi-ises in other cities, we 
have no hesitation in saying that the stock will prove a profitable investment. 

Fotirth. — This movement will prove of vast benefit to the whole people, as it will 
afford a cheap and profitable amusement that cannot fail to elevate the working 



28 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

classes. It is hoped that it will result in a permanent organization, which will give 
us an exposition each year. 

Fifth.— '^0. are gratified to represent a movement which shows upon its face that 
it is not gotten up in the interest of a real estate "ring," as all the people have the 
privilege of subscribing to the stock, which will secure to them all the benefits to 
be derived from the enterprise. 

We will add that in our view, should the citizens fail to take advantage of this 
most auspicious time for a grand Exposition, that cannot fail to prove of immense 
value to the city, they will certainly regret it, and it will be looked upon as an evi- 
dence that our people are not keeping up that spirit of enterprise for which they 
have become so noted. 

A. C. Hesing, Jacob Rosenberg, 

W. K. Nixon, E. A. Bishop, 

Joel D. Harvey, D. W. Whittle, 

N. S. BouTON, Peter Schuttler, 

T. W. Harvey. 

The following sub-committees were then appointed : 

Banks. — J. Irving Pearce, Third National ; Ira Holmes, Manufacturers' National 
Bank. 

Wholesale Dry Goods. — L. Z, Leiter, of Field, Leiter & Co.; Shaw, of Shaw, 
Winslow & Co. 

Boots and Shoes. — C. M. Henderson, William E. Doggett. 

Rolling Mills.— O. W. Porter, A. B, Meeker. 

Railroads and Express Co7npanies. — H. A, Sargent, Charles Fargo, United States 
Express company. 

Wholesale Clothing. — H, W. King, Louis Wanipold. 

Hardivare, Iro7t Merchants and Founders. — W. G. Hibbard, William Blair. 

Wholesale Druggists, Faints and Oils. — Frank Milligan, Horace A. Hurlbut. 

Furniture. — W. W. Strong, A. L. Hale. 

Carpets and House Furnishing. — E. F. Hollister, John H. Allen. 

Real Estate. — H. H. Honore, Col. Pierce. 

Hides and leather. — L. B. Sidway, C. E. Page. 

Groceries. — H. B. Rand, Charles Coryell, of Day, Allen & Co. 

Hotels. — David Gage, F. B. Gardner. 

Jetvelry.-— B. S. Pike, W. B. Giles. 

Crockery and Notions. — Ira Bowen, Adolph Ruhling. 

Books, Stationery and Paper. — A. B. Cook, H. Z. Culver, of Culver, Page & 
Hoyne. 

Places of Amusement. — J. H, McVicker, R. M, Hooley. 

Distillers and Wholesale Liquors. — Henry H. Shufeldt, Edward McQuade. 

Brewers. — Alderman McEvoy, Alderman Schmidt. 

Commission Merchattts. — Charles Randolph, W. F. Tompkins. 

Manufacturers and Dealers in Lumber. — T. W. Harvey, A. G. VanSchaack, for 
the lumber districts on the South Side ; R. T. Crane and Peter Schuttler, for manu- 
facturers and the lumber dealers on the North Side. 



THE EXPOSITION. ' 29 

On Saturday,^March 15, another meeting was held, and it was 
found that 475 shares of the stock had already been taken, and that 
the prospect of getting the required amount at an early day was more 
promising than had been anticipated. The next move was the selec- 
tion of the site, and in this much difficulty was experienced. The 
next meeting held was on the 20th, when it was ascertained that 800 
of the 1,500 shares of stock had been taken. At this meeting a 
committee of three was appointed, technically known as the Com- 
mittee on Location, whose duty it^was to overcome any existing diffi- 
culty, if possible, regarding the site for the building on the lake front". 
This committee obtained the full consent of all the property holders, 
and nothing now remained but the passage of a resolution by the 
Common Council allowing the use of the ground. This was done 
on the 28th of April, and thus was the perplexing point of location 
definitely settled. 

On the 27th of March, the Committee published a long appeal to 
the citizens, reciting the resolutions adopted at the meeting on the 
8th, and giving the names of the subscribers up to that date. They 
said : 

The time having expired within which were limited subscription to ten shares, the 
balance of the stock is now open to the public at large, and it is to be hoped that 
those who have been backward hitherto will at once come forward and close up the 
list, so as to enable the Committee to go to work putting up the building, notifying 
manufacturers and other probable exhibitors, and preparing for the grand event. 
An Exposition of such a character as the Committee propose cannot fail of being a 
great benefit to our city and the public at large. The following resolutions embrace 
their ideas, and it is for those who subscribe to the stock to modify or re-arrange 
the plan thus presented, if necessary for the general good : 

The gentlemen whose names are subjoined have so far identified themselves with 
the movement, and are further prepared to aid in pushing the work to ultimate suc- 
cess. 

The Committee feel that the stock should be divided up among the citizens gene- 
rally, and not be monopolized by a few, even though these few should subscribe 
purely on the ground of public interest. This is a Chicago enterprise, for the bene- 
fit of the whole city, and every citizen whose interests are permanently here. There- 
foi-e, all should unite and contribute, so far as their means will allow, towards making 
the event worthy of our name and history. The money thus contributed will not 
be a simple gratuity, but an investment which will pay a large dividend, not only in 
money, but in the resulting increase of business, the establishment of new lines of 
trade and manufacture, and the increase in existing values of property. 

Let every live Chicago man add his name to the list of subscribers to Chicago's 
Grand Intei--State Industrial Exposition. 



30 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

At the next meeting, which was held on the 29th, Secretary Nolan 
reported that stock to the anriount of $105,000 had been subscribed, 
being a sufficient amount to warrant the completion of the organiza- 
tion, which up to that time, had been provisional or temporary. 

Owing to the new Constitution, the originators of the enterprise 
were unable to procure a special charter, and therefore organized 
under the general law concerning corporations, which requires that 
when any number of persons, not more than seven nor less than 
three, propose to form a corporation, they must send to the Secretary 
of State a statement of the name of the proposed corporation, its 
object, etc., whereupon that officer issues these persons a license as 
Commissioners to open books for subscription to the capital stock. 
Application for this license was made March 17. It was granted 
March 18, and received here March 20. The law further provides 
that when the stock has been subscribed, the Commissioners shall 
convene a meeting for the election of Directors. 

Thereupon, upon hearing the Secretary's statement, the meeting of 
the Temporary Directors adjourned, and a meeting of the Commis- 
sioners, authorized by the act of incorporation to form the Inter- 
State Association, was organized. They were W. K. Nixon, A. E. 
Bishop, Ja<:ob Rosenberg, N. S. Bouton, J. D. Harvey, D. W. Whit- 
tle, and A. C. Hesing. The latter was chosen Chairman, and Major 
Whittle, Secretary, and a meeting of the stockholders was called for 
April 10, in order to elect a Board of Directors and complete the 
organization. 

On the loth of April the stockholders held their first meeting in 
the Common Council Chamber. Gen. Chetlain presided, and after 
some discussion a motion to elect twenty-five Directors was' agreed 
to ; and a committee, after due consultation, reported the following 
named out of a printed list of a hundred: T. M. Avery, N. S. Bou- 
ton, R. T. Crane, George W. Lyon, W. F. Coolbaugh, J. Irving 
Pearce, Charles Fargo, W. E. Doggett, John B. Drake, C. Furst, 
Marshall Field, the Hon. Charles B. Farwell, N. K. Fairbank, David 
Gage, T. W. Harvey, Wirt Dexter, T. B. Bryan, George S. Bowen, 
the Hon. Joseph Medill, A. C. Hesing, George H. Laflin, John P. 
Reynolds, Potter Palmer, H. H. Taylor, Jacob Rosenberg. 

The report of the Committee was confirmed by a vote of 73 to 7. 

The organization was now legally perfected, and had only to select 
its officers and commence the work before it. 

The following day the Board of Directors met at the new Sherman 



THE EXPOSITION. 3 1 

House, and Messrs. Ilesing, Laflin, Crane, Palmer, and Reynolds 
were appointed a committee to nominate permanent officers. This 
they did at a meeting held on the 24th, when they made the follow- 
ing report, which was adopted : 

President — Potter Palmer. 

Vice Presidents — The Plon. Joseph Medill, the Hon. W. F. Coolbaugh, Jacob 
Rosenberg, N. K. Fairbank, C. B. Farwell. 

Secretary — The Hon. John P. Reynolds. 

Treasiner — J. Irving Pearce. 

Executive Connnittee — N. S. Bouton, Chairman, George S. Bowen, R. T. Crane, 
George H. Laflin, T. W. Harvey, David A. Gage, Potter Palmer, Edwin Lee 
Brown, H. H.Taylor, John B. Drake. 

The selection of these gentlemen was judicious and praiseworthy, 
Mr. Reynolds having had many years experience in State Fairs, etc., 
and possessing great qualities as an organizer, while the gentlemen 
composing the Executive Committee, on whom rested the greater 
part of the work, were among Chicago's most trusted and experienced 
business men ; and to them the success of the Exposition is undoubt- 
edly due. Upon the succeeding pages will be found correct illustra- 
tions of the Officers and Executive Committee. 

The Directors met again on the 2d, but no quorum being present, 
adjourned to the following day, when all were present, and the By- 
Laws were adopted. T. M. Avery resigned and Edwin Lee Brown 
was elected to fill the vacancy. Mr. Coolbaugh offered the following 
resolution, which was adopted : 

Resolved, That the Executive Committee be, and they are hereby, instructed to 
proceed without delay and take sucli measures as may be necessary to secure the 
construction of the necessary buildings for the Exposition to be held during the 
coming fall, and that they are authorized to make such contracts and incur such ex- 
penses as may be proper. 

The Executive Committee having now been entrusted with full 
power, proceeded to provide for the erection of the building. W. W. 
Boyington, the popular architect, whose interest was manifested in 
the enterprise at its first inception, had long before prepared a plan 
for a structure, which he afterwards remodeled to adapt it to the 
site obtained. The plan provided for a building between Monroe 
and Jackson streets, of 800 feet by 200 feet, and Mr. Boyington's 
plan was adopted. A full description in detail of the building will 
be found upon succeeding pages. 

The Executive Committee reported their action at a meeting of the 



32 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Board of Directors, held on the loth of June, and stated further that 
bids had been advertised for the work to the amount of $198,323, and 
that in part payment the contractors would take $50,000 in stock, 
which was then beginning to become popular, or would wait for that 
sum till the receipts from the Exposition began to come in. An ad- 
ditional sum of money would be needed to cover plumbing, gas- 
fitting, sewerage, etc. 

Since the capital stock amounted to only $150,000, which was 
plainly insufficient to cover the cost of the building, Mr. N. C. Fair- 
bank, of the Finance Committee, moved that the necessary steps be 
taken to raise it to $250,000, — that is, that the Secretary should ad- 
vertise, calling a meeting of the stockholders to vote upon the ques- 
tion of an increase of the amount of capital stock. This was agreed 
to, and the Executive Committee was authorized to proceed to let 
the contract for the erection of the building in accordance with Mr. 
Boyington's plans. 

That same day the Executive Committee held a meeting and agreed 
to send out a circular, with a classification of objects, the work of 
the thoroughly informed Secretary. It was as follows : 

Office of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition, No. 77 Washington 
STREET, Chicago, June 10, 1873. — The following classification of objects to be 
admitted to the exhibition of 1873 has been adopted, and its publication ordered in 
advance of the regular programme for the eaiiier information of intending exhib- 
itors. In each section of a department certain objects are specified, not because 
the exhibition is limited to them, but merely to indicate the g'eneral character of 
the section, and to enable exhibitors to determine the appropriate department in 
which to apply for space to exhibit articles not enumerated. Applications for space 
will be received at the Secretary's office from this date until July 15 proximo, and 
each applicant must state in a letter of application : 

1. Full name and address, inclosing business card, if any is used. 

2. The department and section in w^hich. space is desired, together with brief, 
clear, and accurate description of objects to be exhibited (for catalogue) . 

3. Extent in square yards of floor or wall surface required. 

4. If steam or other power is needed, the nature and amount of the same. 

5. If the privilege of selling and delivering articles v^ithin the building is desired, 
it should be so stated, and the terms arranged vi^ith the Executive Committee. 

As soon as the acceptance or rejection of an application for space or privilege of 
selling is decided upon by the Committee on Admissions, the Secretary will notify 
the applicant by mail, accompanied with such other suggestions as may be necessary. 

Exhibitors will be permitted to place articles on exhibition in such manner as 
they may desire, subject only to the approval of the Executive Committee, so as to 
secure the proper harmonious effect, and a due regard to the equal privileges of all. 

As the space and time are both limited, it is very desirable that applications be 
made as early as possible. 



THE EXPOSITION. 33 

The following classification has been adopted in preference to one more elaborate 
in systematic detail, because it is thought better calculated to meet the conditions 
under which the present exhibition must be held. Many intending exhibitors are 
dealers in several commodities which, though allied by custom in commerce, are 
widely different in character, and hence in a thoroughly systematic classification 
would be placed in different departments distant from each other. For the con- 
venience of such, therefore, each department and each section has been made as 
comprehensive as possible without sacrificing too greatly that general harmony 
necessary to a well-ordered and attractive exhibition. 

In the enumeration of articles in the several sections it is designed merely to 
indicate the character of each section, so that exhibitors of articles not enumerated 
may be at no loss to determine the allied group in which to make application for 
space. In case of doubt, the Secretary will supply the information. 

DEPARTMENT A. 

Fine and Liberal Arts. — Fine ARTS. — Section i. Paintings in oil and water 
colors. I ^. Sculpture. 2. Architecture and design. 2 J^. Engravings and chromos. 
3. Photography. 3^. Wood carving, bronzes, and terra-cotta. 4. Stained glass. 
Liberal Arts. — 5. Typography and book-binding, including books, stationery, 
and materials. 6. Musical instruments. 7. Apparatus and instruments of medical 
art, surgery, etc. 8. Apparatus and instruments for instruction and scientific 
investigation, optical instruments, etc. 9. Telegraphy — electrical apparatus and 
instruments. 

DEPARTMENT B. 

Objects Used in Dzvellings and for Personal Wear. — Section I. Furniture, picture 
and looking-glass frames, book-cases, ornamental wood-work, etc. 2. Glassware, 
china, porcelain, lamps, gas-fixtures, etc. 3. House-furnishing goods and notions, 
including willow-ware, brooms, brushes, etc. 4. Clocks, watches, chronometers, 
cutlery, plastic work, jewelry, and ornaments. 5. Toilet and fancy articles — per- 
fumery, extracts, soaps, etc. 6. Textile fabrics — woolen, cotton, silk, mixed, and 
other mill and hand-made fabrics, piece-goods, etc. 7. Embroideries and fancy 
work in silk, cotton, wool, hair, wax, feathers, leather, etc. 8. Garments for both 
sexes and all ages — including coiffures, wigs and hair-work, straw goods, hosiery, 
boots and shoes, hats, caps, bonnets, gloves, fans, umbrellas, parasols, canes, dolls 
and toys, trunks, India-rubber goods, carpets, furniture, tissues, leather, cordage, 
travelers' equipments, etc. 9. Portable articles for hunting, fishing, and encamp- 
ment — fire-arms, fishing-tackle, traps, tents, etc. 10. Horse equipments and stable 
furniture, harness-work, saddlery, etc. 

DEPARTMENT C. 

Minerals. — Their Wrought, Cast, and Manufactured Products not included in 
Department B. — Section i. Collections and Specimens of Ores and Raw Metals — 
Gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, tin, etc. 2. Building and Paving Materials — Stone 
(natural and artificial), marbles, cement, brick, terra-cotta, tile, slate, coal, gypsum, 
salt, petroleum, asphaltum mixtures, roofing material, etc. 3. Wrought and Cast 
Work from the Useful Metals — Printing and card presses, builders' hardware, 
edge-tools for carpenters, joiners, coopers, etc., safes, locks, scales, bells, copper, 
3 



34 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

1) rass, and tin wares, stoves, furnaces, wire-work, ornamental castings, fences, 

s, etj . 

DEPARTMENT D. 

Raw Materials {not metallic) and Chemical and Natural Products Used in the 
Common Arts. — Section I. Fibres in Different Stages of Preparation — Wool, 
cotton, silk, hemp, flax, Indian mallow, ramie, etc. 2. Specimens of wool for useful 
a nd ornamental work. 3. Furs, peltries, feathers, hair, etc. 4. Artificial fertilizers, 
paints, oils, varnishes, artists' colors and materials, photographers' materials, etc. 

DEPARTMENT E. 

Instruments and Machinery of the Useful Arts. — Section I. For mining and 
metallurgy, boring, drilling, quarrying, crushing, etc. 2. Machinery and implements 
used in agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, and dairying. 3. Vehicles, railway 
and car fixtures, motors adapted to steam, water, or other power, apparatus used in 
navigation, models of life-boats, life-preserving apparatus, etc. 4. Machinery in 
motion requiring steam power. 5. Sewing, knitting, spinning, weaving, and other 
machines, in motion, not requiring steam power. 

DEPARTMENT F. 

Prodticts of the Earm, Orchard, Nursery, Garden, and Greenhouse. — Section I. 
Fruits and vegetables. 2. Flowers, plants, lerneries, and aquaria. 3. Grains, seeds, 
vegetables, and dairy products. 4. Ornamental pottery, rustic-work, and birds in 
cages. 

DEPARTMENT G, 

Eood, Dnnksy and Tobacco. — Section i. All Articles of Food of Easy Preserva- 
tion — Canned, dried, or preserved meat, fish, fruit, and vegetables, sauce, 
condiments, pickles, relishes, condensed milk, etc. _ 2. Confectionery, sweetmeats, 
and sugars. 3. Mineral waters, fermented and spirituous liquors. 4. Tobacco and 
its manulactured products. 

DEPARTMENT H. 

Natural History. — Collections and specimens, models and drawings illustrative 
of the natural sciences. 

The next day the Executive Committee met and awarded the 
folio wmg contracts : 

O. B. Green, piling ..$ 7,942 40 

Reeves & Weils, masonry 21,399 ^o 

G. H. Lytle, carpenter work 1 14,800 00 

Dewey, Jones & Co., galvanized iron, cornices, and tin work. 37,766 00 

M. W. Powell & Co., composition roofing 2,350 00 

James H. Rice, glass 7)56o 00 

Lester & Updyke, glass.. _. 2,125 00 

William M. Dee, sewerage _ _ 500 00 

Boyington & Edwards, plumbing 519 25 

E. & A. Price, smoke stack 1.375 00 

Union Foundry Works, cast iron _ 1,189 00 

.Singer & Talcott Stone Company, cut stone 396 50 

Total, _.. __ $197,922 15 



THE EXPOSITION. 35 

The next meeting was called for the 15th of July to vote upon the 
question of mcreasing the stock, at which time it was unanimously 
decided to do so. 

From that time on until the opening day, the Board of Directors 
did nothing of interest, but the Secretary labored over the constantly- 
increasing applications for space, and the Executive Committee kept 
a vigilant eye upon the rising walls of their building. 

On the 6th of September, the Executive Committee issued the fol- 
lowing circular to exhibitors : 

The Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago will be formally opened to the 
public on Thursday, Sept. 25, 1873, ^t which time it is expected the Exhibition in 
all its parts will be thoroughly and completely ready. The Executive Committee 
have, therefore, ordered that 

First. — Exhibitors, their agents, and workmen in their employ will be admitted 
to the Exposition building for the purpose of making preparatory structures, on and 
after the loth inst., and all such structures must be completed on or before the i8th 
inst. 

Second, — All articles for exhibition will be received in the building on and after 
the 15th inst., from which day forward a proper police force will be kept on duty 
night and day. 

Third. — All articles for exhibition must be in place, properly arranged, and all 
boxes, wrappiiigs, and other packing materials must be removed from the building 
on or before Tuesday, the 23d inst., at 12 m. 

Fourth. — Any failure on the part of an exhibitor to comply strictly with either of 
the foregoing requirements will be taken as a relinquishment of all right to the space 
allotted to him, and will not be restored to him, except for good cause on order of 
the Executive Committee. 

In making this announcement, the Executive Committee have the pleasure to 
state that no part of the preparatory work has been delayed or failed to be accom- 
plished promptly, in accordance with the original plans. It is their intention to 
continue the same promptness and regularity throughout ; and to enable this to be 
done, it is necessary that each exhibitor be also promptly on time. 

Monday, the 9th, another meeting of the Board of Directors was 
held, with Mr. Coolbaugh in the chair, at which the Executive Com- 
mittee reported the progress made. The contracts amounted to 
$200,000. The additions recently made for sitting and cloak rooms, 
restaurant, etc., would cost about J8,ooo more, and other expendi- 
tures for flags, plumbing, etc., would swell the aggregate to $215,000 
in contractors' bills. The additional expenses were small, for few 
salaried people were employed. In order to get the money with 
which to pay the contractors they had borrowed it, and became indi- 



36 



EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 



vidually responsible for it. The day of opening had been fixed, and 
the Board would make out a programme for the opening evening. 

This was, perhaps, the last meeting of the Board of Directors of 
any note. The preliminaries were now all satisfactorily arranged, 
and the remaining time intervening between the opening or inaugu- 
ration, was filled by the Secretary in awarding space, and by the 
Committee in seeing that the building should be completed. How 
well they performed their respective labors has been fully demon- 
strated by the unprecedented success of the Exposition. 




@|p Puilbing. 




N the 20th day of June, 1873, the first pile was driven that 
was to form a part of the foundation for the immense 
structure, as, owing to the peculiar nature of the soil of 
Lake Park, it was found necessary, to insure a solid foun- 
dation, to first pile it. This work was under the manage- 
ment of Mr. O. B. Green, and was completed in five days. 
These piles were of oak, 18 inches in diameter and 20 feet 
long; 328 of them were driven for the support of the immense truss 
arches, and an indefinite number for the foundation walls. 

In a week the pile-drivers and excavators for sewer, gas, and water 
pipes were out of the way, and the bricklayers and carpenters came 
to the front, and went at their work with a fervor and rapidity rarely 
seen, even here. By the 12th of July the floor-laying was completed, 
and the bricklayers were growing toward the close of their task. 
These outer walls were run up with almost incredible speed. 

The trusses referred to were made by the simple process of nailing 
one plank of an inch thick over another plank of an inch thick, and 
that over another, and so on, until six (or eight) had been so nailed 
together, the ends dovetailing, and the whole being afterward bolted 
firmly. 

Upon the piles rest the trusses which support the lofty and rounded 
roof. There are 31 main ones and 10 half ones at each end. These 
trusses are supported each by four piles, capped by oak timbers 
12x14 inches thick and 4 feet long. Across these cap-sticks are laid 
four oak sub-sills 12x12 inches in thickness, and, like the caps, 4 feet 
in length. Placed side by side on the top of these sticks rest the 



38 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

main .sills, which extend across the building, supporting the trusses 
at each end. The spring of the arch is placed at 4 feet above the 
floor, or 7 feet above the main sill. The main ones are of 150 feet 
span, 4 feet thick, and 12 to 14 inches wide, and are made of one 
and three-quarter dressed pine plank, fastened with bolts and diago- 
nal tie- rods, the lower being 54 feet from the floor. The half trusses 
are only 9 inches wide, but of the same thickness and materials as 
the main ones. For the first 28 feet they are built solid. 

The exterior walls of the first story are of brick, 24 feet in height, 
and are 15 feet outside of the line of trusses. Receding from them 
is a shed roof, touching the spring of the main roof, which for 17 feet 
above that point is made of hammered glass. Above that it is of 
galvanized iron. 

On the 2d of August almost all the brickwork was built. Of the 
31 trusses, 14 were in position, while 4 more were ready for erection. 
They were built on the floor of the building and raised to their places 
by six derricks. Ponderous as they were, it took but half an hour 
to raise one to its place, though the necessary preparations for that 
operation took from eight to nine hours. The following Monday, 
notwithstanding that rapid progress had been made, a hundred more 
men were put on it, and the work went forward with redoubled 
speed, watched, not only by the Superintendent, but also by some 
member of the Executive Committee, who was constantly on hand 
during working hours. 

By the 19th the building was nearly wholly inclosed, except at the 
ends, and the half trusses at the south end were in place. The glaz- 
ing in the roof was begun, and the great smoke chimney, just north- 
east of the building was nearly finished, and the work progressed 
with like rapidity until the building was completed and ready for its 
many occupants, and reminded one of the palace reared by the slaves 
of Aladdin in a single night. 

The building is 800 feet long by 260 feet in extreme width, and the 
exhibition surface afforded is 232,800 square feet; a middle front 
projection at the grand entrance, 120 by 20 feet; and two end pro- 
jections, 80 by 20 feet. The grand center dome is 60 feet in diame- 
ter and 165 feet high. The end domes are 48 feet square and 140 
feet in height. 

The entire superstructure rests upon oak piling, of which 16,500 
lineal feet were driven for support of same. The building is sup- 
ported by 31 main trusses, and 10 half trusses at each end. The 



THE BUILDING. 39 

former are 150 feet span, 4 feet thick, 12 to 14 inches wide, and are 
made of i^ inch dressed pine plank, fastened with bolts and tie-rods. 
The latter run at each end of the building from the circle, are only 9 
inches wide, but of the same thickness and material as the main 
trusses. The arches are 80 feet in height from the floor to the top 
of the truss. 

The style of the architecture is Italian. In other buildings of this 
character the ends are nearly square; in this one the ends are circu- 
lar, permitting the continuation of the gallery, in circular form, 
around the entire building, giving an unbroken skylighi, and an effect 
to the building on the exterior, and the gallery in the interior, which 
could not be obtained by any other style of finish. 

There have been used 16,500 lineal feet of 12-inch oak piling, 
2,000,000 bricks, 5,000 cubic feet of stone, 3,500,000 feet of lumber, 
1,500 squares of tin (each being 10x10 feet), 840 squares of compo- 
sition roofing, 130 tons of bolts, nuts, and plates, 4,600 feet of gal- 
vanized iron cornice, 1,000 feet of galvanized iron conductor pipes, 
8,500 feet of glass in the windows, 5,000 feet of sheet glass in the 
ventilators, and 30,000 of :^-inch ribbed glass in the skylights ; in 
the doors and offices there are 1,000 feet, and in the art hall 2,160 
feet additional of glass. There are 16,000 feet of gas-pipe in the 
structure, half of which is very large — some of it being three inches 
in diameter. The supply of water comprises not only the city water 
works, through their street-mains, but in addition thereto, a pumping 
engine has been placed on the dock near by, steam being kept up in 
the boiler to run the same at all times. This pump is connected with 
a 4- inch main encircling the entire building, with sufficient connec- 
tions for hose attachments, so that the water-supply is ample for any 
emergency. 

In the center of the Michigan avenue front is the first projection, 
three stories high, 20 feet clear of the main wall, and 120 feet long. 
The first story has an altitude of 24 feet, the second 16, and the 
third 14. Over the third story is a pediment or "gable-end" 25 feet 
in height. In front of this projection or portico is a carriage drive 
20 feet wide, upon which open two large entrance-doors. Two 
double windows flank the doors on each side. Covering the drive 
is the balcony of the second story, 20 feet wide and 80 long. French 
double windows open from the second story upon the balcony, which 
in turn is covered by a handsome awning suspended from above the 
windows of the third story. The same description applies to each 



40 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

of the two other projections, situated near the ends of the building, 
except that they are 20 by 80 feet in ground measurement, and three 
doors open upon the carriage-drive in each case, instead of two, as 
in the grand portico. 

There are 473 windows in the building, 160 of which are in the 
first story, or brick portion. Of doors there are 18. The two main 
doors are 10 feet wide by 14 feet high, with semi-circular transoms, 
adding 6 feet to their height. Six of the doors in the end projec- 
tions are 8. feet wide, and the ten doors in the sides and ends of the 
building are 10 feet wide; the height is uniform. On the second 
story there are four doors opening to the balcony on the front por- 
tico; these are 6 by 10, with transoms. At each of the end projec- 
tions there are two doors 8 by 12 feet. 

The grand dome is just back of the Adams street entrance and 
exactly in the middle of the roof. It is twelve-sided, 60 feet in 
diameter, with 40 feet perpendicular height, and a radius of 38 feet 
8 inches for the curve. Above the perpendicular part the dome is 36 
feet high, making a total height from the top of the truss to the base 
of the lantern of 76 feet. The lantern is 13 feet in diameter, has a 
perpendicular face 12 feet high, crowned by a rounded cover 8 feet 
high. From the apex of the lantern springs a flagstaff 58 feet high. 
The distance from the ground to the base of the flagstaff is 176 feet. 
In each face of the circular part of the dome and lantern is a round 
dormer window, crested and ornamented with galvanized iron work. 
In each of the perpendicular faces is a large double window. From 
the north and south sides of the grand dome a ventilator extends 
along the roof to the end domes This ventilator is 12 feet high and 
26 feet wide. The sides are glass and the top — which is supported 
by iron posts set 10 feet apart in the sides — is galvanized iron. 
Along the ridge of the top extends an ornamental railing. 

The end domes are each 48 feet square and 32 feet high to the 
base of the lantern, which is 140 feet above the floor. The lanterns 
have each a height superior to its dome of 16 feet, so that from the 
floor to the summit is 156 feet. 

The grand center dome is the greatest feature of the whole 
building, and, facing Adams street, forms an imposing terminus 
for that street. From its summit, too, one can get about the finest 
view of Chicago and the lake that can be found anywhere in the city. 

The arrangements for lighting the building at night are of the 
most comprehensive character. A large center ring, 18 feet in diam- 



THE BUILDING. 



41 



eter, with 60 burners, hangs beneath the great dome. Distrib- 
uted over the building are 50 6-foot rings, each one having T^(i 
burners; these hang 24 feet above the floor. There is an eight- 
light pendant every 10 feet under the galleries, or 170 of these 
pendants, having in all 1,360 lights. On all the arches above the 
gallery there are brackets with four lights each. The art - room 
is lighted with perforated pipe having about 500 burners, a foot 
apart. The pipes hang about 16 feet from the floor, and are so 
connected with the main pipes, that any one of the three depart- 
ments into which the art-room is divided may be lighted alone. 

The building itself is regarded as a model structure, and to the 
contractors to whose care was confided the strength and beauty of 
the building, this is largely due, and we herewith append their names : 

W. W. Boyington, architect ; W. L. Carroll, superintendent ; P. 
H. Decker, carpentry ; Reeves & Wells, mason work ; Heath & Mil- 
ligan, painting and glazing; J. S. Bassett, plumbing; Wilson & Wil 
lard, gas fitters; Lester & Updyck, sheet glass; T. E. Cauda & Co., 
bolts, nuts and plates; Foot & Rice, hammer glass; N. S. Boaton & 
Co., cast iron work; D. B. Hall & Co., bolts and rods; Dewey & 
Jones, tin roofing and galvanized iron work ; M. A. Powell & Co., 
composition and gravel roofing. 



^X^J 




tS^f Xnaugupafion. 




t^^:^ 



N Thursday evening, September 25, 1873, the great Inter- 
State Industrial. Palace was formally inaugurated in the 
presence of fully 20,000 people, and the ceremonies were 
of a very imposing character, which will ever remain 
green in the hearts of all present, for here was the con- 
summation of Chicago's long cherished hope. 

" That called impossible was swift begun, 
And in less than ninety days the task was done." 

At 7 o'clock the building was lighted, and amid a blaze of light, 
the thunder of cannon, and the strains of Vaas & Hoffman's superb 
band, the great building was dedicated. At 8 o'clock the distin- 
guished gentlemen who were to take part in the exercises entered'the 
building, escorted by the Superintendent of Police, consisting of 
Gov. Beveridge, Gen. Logan, Mayor Bond, Senator Oglesby, Hon. C. 
B. Farwell, Hon. W. F. Coolbaugh, the Board of Directors, and others. 
In the absence of Potter Palmer, Esq., the President, Mr. Cool- 
baugh, the Vice-president of the association, presided. He said he 
" regretted the absence of Mr Palmer, and that he was compelled 
to preside. The meeting would please come to order, and listen to 
an address by Mr. Bouton." Mr. Bouton then spoke as follows : 

JkTr. President, and Gentlemen of the Board of Directors : 

The project of holding in this city a grand Exposition of industry and art has 
been agitated for at least the past ten years. Prelimiaary steps, such as public 
meetings, formal and informal organizations of citizens, and even large subscriptions 
of money, have been taken at different times within that period. The last of this 
series commenced in February of the current year, and at first contemplated merely 



THE INAUGURATION. 43 

a temporary union of the general manufacturing interests of the city with those rep- 
resented by the Woolen Manufacturers' Association — an itinerant organization 
which had already held attractive exhibitions in this and other western cities. By 
the first day of March the idea had expanded with characteristic rapidity of growth, 
when, at a public meeting held in the new Sherman House, it was resolved "that a 
great Inter-State Industrial Exposition shall be held in the city of Chicago during 
the coming fall, commencing on or about September 15, and continuing four or 
more weeks," and that " the people of all States and all countries be cordially in- 
vited to contribute articles for exhibition in every department." It was also further 
resolved "that the most eligible location for such an Exposition is that portion of 
Lake Park situated north of Congress street." A mass meeting was then called, to 
be held on the 8th of March following at the Chamber of Commerce, at which the 
previous resolutions were fully indorsed, and provision made for a permanent organ- 
ization with a capital stock of $150,000. On the l8th day of March the authority 
to open books of subscription was obtained, and on the loth day of April following the 
first meeting of the stockholders was held and the first Board of Directors elected. 
On the 3d day of May the complete organization of the Board, by the election of 
officers and the adoption of by-laws, was accomplished, and it was further ordered 
" that the Executive Committee be, and they are hereby, instructed to proceed, 
without delay, to take such measures as may be necessary to secure the construction 
of a suitable building for the Exposition to be held in during the coming fall, and 
that they are authorized to make such contracts and incur such expenses as may be 
proper." Meanwhile, on the 28th day of May, 1873, a resolution of the City Coun- 
cil offered that portion of Lake Park lying between Monroe street on the north and 
Van Buren street on the south, as a site for the Exposition and grounds, thus re- 
moving the only remaining obstacle to the early prosecution of the great work. 

Your Committee, thus charged, proceeded at once to carry out the views and in- 
structions of your honorable Board by first availing themselves of the services of 
Mr. W. W. Boyington, an architect of large experience, M^ho produced the ground 
design of the building, which, with slight modifications, we meet this evening to 
formally dedicate. The plans, specifications and proposals for the erection of this 
structure were formally laid before you at your regular meeting on the loth of June 
last, and, it appearing from the bids and estimates that the cost of construction 
would largely exceed the entire capital stock of the corporation, you took proper legal 
measures to increase such capital stock to the sum of $250,000, and at the same time 
ordered the Executive Committee, in anticipation of such increase, " to proceed at 
once to let the contracts for the erection of the Exposition building in accordance 
with the plans and specifications prepared by the architect, W. W. Boyington, and 
now before the Board." 

Accordingly, on the same day, contracts were let to the amount of $202,319.40, 
and subsequently to the amount of $41,038.48, making an aggregate of $243,357.88. 

The Exposition building itself, whether for architectural beauty or for its adapta- 
tion to the purposes of its erection, is regarded as a model structure. It affords an 
exhibition surface of 230,000 square feet, exclusive of the rostrum, and also exclu- 
tive of two outside exhibition sheds, floored and roofed, which, together, afford an 
additional exhibition surface of 20,800 square feet. 



44 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Here Mr. Bouton gave a description of the building, material of 
construction, etc., which has already been given by us in the preceding 
pages. He continued : 

No serious accidents have occurred during the progress of the building, and 
vve are pleased to bear testimony to the energy, promptness, and ability displayed 
throughout by the architect, superintendent of construction, contractors, and 
laborers, in their united and successful effort to fulfill their several duties in pushing 
the work to completion, in all its parts, on the time first appointed. 

In addition to the erection of the structure, as required by your resolution above 
referred to, the Executive Committee are also charged by the by-laws with the 
plans and arrangements for the Expositions which may be held from time to time. 

In accordance, therefore, with the spirit of your instructions, as soon as the 
construction of the building itself became a fixed fact, we authorized the issue of a 
programme and classification for a representative exhibition of the products of 
industry a,nd art, to be held in the projected structure the present fall. 

In view of what now surrounds us on every side, we need not tell you that the 
response to our invitations has been as generous as the most sanguine could have 
dared to anticipate ; so generous, in truth, that, immense as we thought this palace to 
be, the applications for space from those who desired to exhibit have been largely 
in excess of its capacity. 

From almost every State and Territory in the Union, as well as from foreign 
countri es, valuable and interesting contributions have been placed in the hall, while 
many more have been necessarily excluded ; and as a whole, we are persuaded that 
this will take rank with those great industrial exhibitions which stand to-day more 
prominently than any other great victories' as the landmarks of progress in the life of 
nations. 

The result of our labors, gentlemen, is before you. We beg you to accept it as 
the discharge of our obligation, voluntarily assumed at your request, and which 
we have labored cheerfully and faithfully to meet. 

Mr. Coolbaugh, upon behalf of the Board of Directors, made the 
following remarks in response to Mr. Bouton : 

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Executive Committee : The duty 
has been assigned to me of saying a few words in behalf of the Board of Directors 
of this Association, in response to the remarks made by Mr. Bouton, and in view 
of the fact that I am to be followed by able and distinguished speakers, who are to 
make the set speeches on the occasion, I will endeavor to do justice to myself, to 
them, and to you, by being as brief as possible. The prospect of erecting in the 
city a suitable building for such an Exposition as we already find here was agitated 
only a few months since. It was felt by the public-spirited gentlemen who were 
connected with the enterprise that the time had come, and with that resolute will with 
which the people of Chicago are wont to do what they undertake, they set to do it. 
An association was organized, officers were elected, stock books were opened, and the 
moment the subscriptions seemed to justify the success of the enterprise, the Exec- 
utive Committee, of which you are the honored Chairman, were instructed to oro 



THE IN A UGURA TION. 45 

ahead. The result is before us, and, in the magnificent structure, which, in three 
short months, has risen in all its symmetrical proportions from the dust, we behold 
the coming triumph of New Chicago. It was an enterprise undertaken with no 
selfish or mercenary purpose, or expectation of individual gain, but, in the belief 
that the agricultui-al, manufacturing and commercial interests of the northwest, as 
well as the promotion of the arts and sciences, required some fit place in which 
might be exhibited the trophies of our skill and industry. It was hastened, 
probably, by a proud determination, somewhat characteristic of our modest citizens, 
that, in the encouragement of everything that stimulates industry, Chicago cannot 
afford to be outdone by her older and full-grown sisters, Cincinnati and St. Louis. 
If their hopes shall be realized with respect to the public benefits which may follow 
from their undertaking, the projectors of this Exposition will not only be satisfied, 
but gratified, whatever may be its pecuniary result. And now, in accepting, on 
behalf of the Board of Directors of the Inter-State Exposition, this work at your 
hands, I beg to tender you their sincere thanks, and with ours the^ thanks of the 
stockholders of the Association, and of all the people of Chicago, for the indomit- 
able energy which, in so brief a space of time, has reared this grand Industrial 
Palace. May it stand here for an enduring monument for years of the public spirit 
of this city, and of the sound judgment, good taste, and comprehensive views of 
Mr. Bouton and his associates, under whose supervision it has been built. 

Music followed, and then Mayor Bond, who was received with 
applause, welcomed all present to the great hall to examine the tri- 
umphs of the arts around them, and in examining them think, not 
merely of the articles they saw, but also of the inventors. He 
wanted them, as they wandered around, to consider the mechanic, 
and think of what he had done. The vast building was erected in 
ninety days, but it was really the growth of six thousand years ; for 
only the slow progress of mechanic arts had made this city and the 
Exposition building possible. He had long felt that the influence of 
the mechanic had been too much ignored, even by a man like Buckle. 
Yet the mechanic had done more to advance humanity and civiliza- 
tion than any other class. It had been wondered why railways were 
not sooner invented, but they were not practicable till hundreds of 
other little things had been worked out. Too often, in looking at 
some one thing, they forgot the long train of mechanics whose labors 
had been called on to perfect it. The least little thing they could 
find in the building had become what it was only by the slow pro- 
gress of mechanics through the ages. 

He said he had been urged to talk about finance. In conclusion, 
he believed a man who had a theory about finance was a dangerous 
man. He believed there was no cause for alarm, and that the men 
who rebuilt the city would get safely through the present crisis. 



46 EXPOSITION- SOUVENIR. 

Goyernor Beveridge was introduced, and said that first came mar- 
kets, then fairs, then expositions — the root, the tree, the foHage. 
Cities, ancient and modern, had their market-places, where buyer 
and seller met. Chicago wisely abolished that, and left it to private 
enterprise. In Europe, fairs had been held for ages to promote com- 
merce. Merchants and traders gathered to dispose of their products. 
They were amply enlarged markets. In an early day they promoted 
commerce and softened national antipathies. He mentioned the 
celebrated fairs of England, France, Germany, and Russia. Here, 
fairs were held, not for commerce, but to exhibit fine stock, etc., and 
to acquaint people with the products and resources of the country. 
These fairs were instituted in the interests of agriculture. They 
elevated labor and encouraged the producer. In this country and 
State, with its fertile plains, these fairs should be fostered and pro- 
tected. In Illinois they -had constitutional protection. Of later 
years they had assumed a wider range and international significance. 
They were held to represent the civilization, wealth, and power of 
individual nations, and to associate in one enterprise all races of 
men. Such were the Expositions in Paris, New York, Vienna, and 
London, and the Centennial Exposition to be held in 1876. Might 
not they hope that the last one would be a fit memorial of the events 
it commemorated, and would represent the spirit and progress of 
America, and be visited by people from all States and lands, and that 
in its perfect completeness it would surpass all former expositions, 
and be one the nations of the world would be proud to emulate. In 
imitation of these expositions, various cities had established them, 
like Cincinnati and St. Louis. Chicago had its now. In memory of 
the ashes, in honor of the rebuilding, Chicago now inaugurated its 
Exposition on ground which, two years ago, was blackened with fire. 
Now in the presence of a vast concourse, to the sound of sweet 
music, is dedicated to art, commerce, and industry, that magnificent 
temple. Chicago, in every respect imaginable, vied with the cities of 
the world. In one night the fire fiend laid it in ashes. The accum- 
ulation of years was swept away. The people , crippled in resour- 
ces, but not bankrupt in spirit, with hopeful courage and trust in 
Providence, blew away the smoke and ashes, removed the rubbish, 
piled up the brick and stone higher and stronger, and finished all, 
and Chicago to-night, with its industries and warehouses, its hotels 
and banks, and Exposition, sat like a queen on the lake, grander and 
more magnificent than ever — the wonder and glory of the world. 



THE IN A UG URA TION. 47 

Senator Logan was next introduced. It was a happy thought, that 
of exhibiting the products of agriculture and mechanics. The habit 
among literary men a hundred years ago, of meeting in clubs and 
comparing writings, had led to improvements and to the perfection 
of their style. So to these exhibitions, farmers and mechanics brought 
specimens of their products. The florist brought his flowers and the 
lady her embroidery. Was it a mere show to please the eye, or give 
premiums to a few.'' No. It was intended to accomplish a higher 
purpose. The gratification of curiosity was a mere minor result. 
The chief ones were the result on the minds of those who learned, 
by comparison, defects in their own works, which they had hitherto 
considered perfect. An artist absorbed in his work, was often un- 
conscious of its defects, but when it was placed side by side with 
another he saw its faults. So was it with the mechanic, and, in every 
avenue of life, contact with others was essential to the full growth 
and development of genius. The minister confined to his own par- 
ish became narrowed and restricted. These expositions were the 
assemblies and councils of artisans and artists. The mechanic saw 
before him the progress that others had made, and in what points 
they had surpassed him. As he looked, his field of perception be- 
came enlarged. These silent influences formed one series of the 
useful results of these expositions, leading to improved machinery 
and better trained labor. 

Those who visited expositions from mere curiosity, learned much. 
Few departed without seeing something which they could apply in 
the daily walks of life. It facilitated the spread of inventions, and 
quickened the return of the rewards of genius. These expositions, 
rightly considered, had a good moral efl"ect, showing, as they did, the 
varied power of the human intellect, and that man was only a little 
lower than the angels; not akin to the brute, but linked to a higher 
and more glorious order of existence. 

The next speaker was Senator Oglesby, who said he came one 
hundred and seventy -five miles to participate in the service. 
After that long journey he felt he was not yet in speaking distance 
of them. Had they heard speeches enough } The night was far 
advanced and he would like to with draw\ Still he would say a few 
words. While he was Governor he attended the first Exposition of 
the woolen men. From that little gathering came the edifice in 
which they stood. The articles they saw were gathered from a 
dozen States, and shown to 50,000 more people than in i868. They 



48 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

had been told of the growth and development of manufactures. 
They co-existed with creation. America, less than a hundred years of 
age, stood in advance of all the ancient nations, and was equaled by 
England, France, and Germany only. Did those present come out 
of curiosity? If the Exposition had no greater aim, it would pro- 
duce no good result. There was a higher idea in the beautiful 
articles exhibited. Mechanics and artisans here were in competition 
with the skilled labor of the world. It was an honorable contest for 
glory and wealth. England should be on her guard to save her 
laurels, for America would outstrip the world. No order could be given 
that could not be filled here in Chicago for complicated or costly 
pieces of mechanism or physical industry. The building they stood 
in was built in ninety days, and but few of those present had put a 
hand to it. Place the mechanic who devised the building by the 
side of Senators and Governors, for he was their peer. He told 
Europe, in the kindest spirit, to beware of the energy, courage, pluck, 
aad Isnpudence of Young America. He did not envy the English, and 
thanked them for what they had done for civilization. He also 
thanked Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, for their 
noble efforts, but he warned them that the northwest had another 
problem to solve. The nation which paid the highest wages pros- 
pered the most, and if the northwest wanted to excel it must solve 
the problem of increasing the wages of the laboring man. The 
Republican party talked for years of elevating labor, and of the 
dignity of labor. It was elevated by educating the masses. The 
difference between here and Europe was that all in subordinate 
employments were educated here. Could educated men like these 
be kept down 1 Would they stick to the idea that wealth grew out 
of low wages .? The toiling millions must rise. Look at the contest 
raging in England now between educated mechanics and the national 
federation of employers. That conflict would not stop until labor 
dictated its own terms. All had been lifted up here. The farmers 
of Illinois were educated, and the result was the stir of the last 
twelve months. An educated mass would have power and would be 
heard. So the Exhibition brought together men to push on these 
mighty engines of wealth, but not to cut down the prices of labor. 
Could Europe be met on the basis of high wages for labor ? It was 
a problem for capital and labor to settle, and it would be settled 
without any law of Congress. The whole subject of labor was 
divided into three parts, transmutation, transformation, and trans- 



THE IN A UGURA TION. 49 

portation. The first, agriculture, the second, the mechanic arts, and 
the third, commerce. They were nice terms, well understood in the 
school of political economy. But there was no big name for money- 
currency, the Stock Board, these places where the representatives of 
the wealth of the country met. But they had better be called 
transmogrification, for the banks here had been for some hours in a 
trance state. Did that give rise to concern.^ Was there cause for 
uneasiness ? He thought not. The banking capital of Illinois, so 
far as he could judge, had been mainly, almost entirely, in the hands 
of discreet, honest, and prudent men, and, under the National Bank 
Act, there was no reason to say bankers have intended to take 
advantage of their creditors. When the temporary panic was over 
the northwest and the Union would go on prosperous as ever. 
This was no panic in commercial circles. The wealth of the country 
remained untouched. There was more wealth than in 1870. They 
were all healthy and able, and there was no just ground for fearing an 
universal panic. If it did come, it would be but a moment before 
the country would recover from it. 

The action of everybody in Chicago showed how little the panic 
had effected them. Currency would soon return to its accustomed 
channels, and trade would go on as before. He closed by thanking 
the noble men who got up the Exposition, and wishing the amplest 
and richest returns to them all. 

After Senator Oglesby's speech, the bands discoursed some fi ne 
selections, and the Industrial Palace was declared duly inaugurated 
and the official programme carried out, which brought the first 
entertainment to a close, and at a late hour the doors closed upon 
the first successful day of the Grand Exposition. 




5p ^fiiftil^ops. 




vT.^ E have now followed carefully Chicago's last and most 
magnificent enterprise — the Exposition — from its 
inception to inauguration, and come at last (but by 
no means the least) to the Exhibitors, who have 
done so much to make the enterprise a success, and 
one of interest to all, by the splendid display of their 
wares. Upon the following pages we give a classified 

list of the Exhibitors, and description of goods exhibited, the perusal 

of which will be found of much interest. 



DEPARTMENT "A." 

SECTION I. 

Paintings in Oil and Water Colors. 

I. — Autumn in the Sierras. By Albert Bierstadt, of national 
reputation. (Artist, owner.) The talented artist presents a view 
in this painting on the head-waters of the south fork of King river 
in southeastern California. The scenery of that portion of the 
Golden State has never been previously painted, and this is the first 
instance that the picture has ever been exhibited outside of Cali- 
fornia. The lines of the mountain range are drawn in great variety, 
and mark the skill of the painter. Grandeur and immensity are the 



THE EXHIBITORS. 5 E 

two aims of the painting, and in these respects the artist fulfilled his 
intention. The whole painting has many of the massive effects of 
Bierstadt, but is peculiar, and differs from all of his previous works. 
As a whole, it is a careful representation of some of the grandest 
scenery our country affords. 

2. — Fire Memorial Painting. By E. Armitage, R. A., London. 
(City of Chicago, owner.) This painting has been subjected to the 
most severe criticism, not only by art connoisseurs but by the public 
and religious press of the country, and in nearly every instance ad- 
versely criticised, yet as a work of art this picture is a most decided 
success. Whether the expression is pleasing or the story flattering 
to American pride are not questions to be raised. The laws of art 
have been complied with in the drawing, grouping, and arrangement 
of color and light, and the painting already has a wide reputation^ 
The picture was presented to the city of Chicago, for her new City 
Hall, by the proprietors of the London Graphic^ by whom the artist was 
selected to paint an allegorical picture which would represent the aid 
afforded by England to suffering Chicago in her distress at the time of 
the great fire. True to his commission, the artist portrays vigorous Chi- 
cago stripped of her beautiful clothing of purple, of which the last ves- 
tige is seen still smoking, and though losing her possessions, she has es- 
caped from personal injury in an almost helpless state. America, who 
has partially raised the fainting form, has administered a stimulating 
cordial, and has apparently done all in her power for poor Chicago, 
now turns appealingly to Brittania, who comes to the aid with fresh 
strength. The same idea is expressed in the watchful and tired 
eagle, and the quiet lion at rest. This picture cannot be fully under- 
stood without study, and to one who enjoys a true work of art it 
cannot fail to be appreciated, as well as the great talent of the artist 
displayed. 

3. — Long Branch by Moonlight. By C. G. Rosenberg. (Art- 
ist, owner.) The above picture by this artist is the first one which 
has ever come to the west, but his paintings are well and favorably 
known in art circles of the metropolis. The picture exhibited here 
represents " On the Beach " at the great summer resort. The fore- 
ground is filled with a group of people, finely drawn, but the contrasts 
of light and shadow have a somewhat unpleasant effect, yet the quiet 
ocean, and the soft moonlight which streams overit with such beauty, 
can rarely be excelled. 

4." — Central Park is by the same artist as No. 3, and is also 



52 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

owned by him. It is a faithful representation of the steps in Central 
Park between the lake and the mall, with a gay group of people in 
the foreground engaged in contemplating the surrounding beauties. 
This picture is well executed, and in the artist's usual commendable 
manner. 

5. — Basket of Raspberries. By Mrs. R. G. Packard, of Morris- 
town, N. J. (Artist, owner.) A basket has been carelessly over- 
turned, spilling the red and luscious fruit, which is scattered about 
in profusion. The execution of this picture is particularly fine. 

6. — Group of Fish. By Samuel M. Brooks, of San Francisco, 
Cal. ( E. Bierstadt, owner. ) The beautiful specimens of the sea, as 
depicted in this picture, are grouped in a graceful manner, partially 
hung up and partly lying upon a coarse mat covering the table, and 
the happy effect of the reflected light from the scales, and the easy 
blending of lights and shadows, makes this picture a valuable acqui- 
sition to any gallery of art. The artist has won an enviable reputa- 
tion for success in fish painting. 

7. — Norway Landscape. By J. Hammerstadt, of Chicago. 
( Artist, owner, ) This is an ambitious picture, representing the scen- 
ery of the artist's native land, and fairly executed. 

8, — Hard to Manage, By Clarence M. Johns, of Pittsburg, Pa, 
(Artist, owner,) This picture is a correct representation of nature. 
The spirit displayed, and grouping, make it a good horse picture. 

9. — Glencoe, Scotland. By Arthur Parton, of New York. 
(Emigh, owner.) This artist, whose small pictures have always been 
admired in Art Exhibitions, exhibited a large landscape with the 
above title, in which he has made a very attractive picture out of 
very unpromising material. The landscape is a barren and monoto- 
nous one, and yet it is marked by very poetical feeling. 

10. — Lake Memphramagog. By J. C. Wiggins. (Emigh, owner.) 
In the foreground, the beach sweeps around in easy lines ; the for- 
mation of the distant hills is beautifully grand, and the atmospheric 
effects and the water particularly good. In compliment to the artist, 
although several other- lake scenes were exhibited, this picture does 
not fail by comparison. 

II & 12. — Adirondacks. By Arthur Parton, of New York. 
(Emigh, owner.) These two small sketches by this popular artist 
were gems, and executed in his usual masterly manner, characteristic 
of all his small pictures. 

13. — Flowers. By Miraudote, of Paris. (Emigh, owner.) This 



THE EXHIBITORS. 53 

picture is a large flower piece, in which the profusion of flowers and 
their variety of color, somewhat detracts from the merits this paint- 
ing really possesses. 

14. — Unexpected Friends upon the Battle-Field. By H. 
Balling, of New York. (Artist, owner.) This picture possessed but 
few commendable features, but the subject was worthy of much bet- 
ter representation. 

15.-— I DO Listen. By the same artist, was a more artistic paint- 
ing, and represented the Norwegian shepherdess listening for a mis- 
sing member of her flock. From the execution of this picture, the 
fact is apparent that the artist is capable of much better productions. 

16. — Group of Children. By Pine, of Chicago. (J. W. Doane, 
owner.) This was a large and exceedingly well executed picture, 
but the faces of the children presented too mature an appearance 
for the subject, and had a sameness of expression which materially 
detracted from the otherwise good merits it possessed. 

17. — The Beautiful Gardener. By Plassan, of Paris. (Kel- 
logg, owner.) This is a superior picture, and shows great harmony 
in color between the complexion of the lady and the tints of the 
flowers and drapery. 

18. — Committing to Memory. By Holfeld, of Paris. (Kellogg, 
owner.) Represents home-life of the young scholar who is endeavor- 
ing to fix a passage in his memory from a book which is open before 
him. The painting, although small, is a very valuable one, and is 
really a fine piece of art. 

19. — The Locket. By J. Coomans, of Paris. A companion to 
No. 18, and owned by the same owner, represents a boy intently 
examining the pleasing present of a locket, supposed to contain the 
face of some dear friend ; perhaps the giver. Like its companion, 
this painting is superb and valuable. 

20. — Lake in THE Woods. By Geo. H. Smillie, of New York. 
(Artist owner.) This is a quiet landscape in the Adirondack moun- 
tains, and represents a beautiful sheet of water shut in on one side 
by a high cliff, the rocks of which are very naturally portrayed. 
This painting is a very charming composition and is worked out in 
very careful detail. 

21. — Lake Champlain. By D. F. Bigelow. (Artist, owner.) The 
above lake, which is near Burlington, Vt., is beautifully represented, 
and so accurately that every son of Vermont would at once not only 
recognize it, but the easy lines of the Green mountains, seen in the 
distance. 



54 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

22. — Sycamores. By H. C. Ford. (E. Burnham, owner.) This 
picture dates with the earlier efforts of the artist, and is very pleas- 
ing by the careful blending of colors. 

23. — Entrance to the South Park. By H. A. Elkins. (E. 
Burnham, owner.) This painting is a characteristic representation 
of the scenery of Colorado, without being in all respects a literal 
Aaew. 

24. — October Woods. By H. C. Ford. (Artist, owner.) Few 
pictures exhibited presented more attractions than this one. The 
artist vividly portrayed the trees, of the many kinds of woods, and 
the light stealing through the tree tops to illuminate the rocks and 
moss is grandly beautiful. The charm of this picture lies in the 
long vista, beneath the branches, to a clearing far away. 

25. — Marine Coast of Mexico. By L. Holtz. (Artist owner.) 
Like other marine views, but little presents itself to make the beau- 
tiful. The water was well done, while the clouds are poorly executed 
and lack artistic treatment. 

26. — Steamship Baltic. ^ By Wm. Forgerson. (White Star Line, 
owners.) A well executed painting of one of the steamships at sea 
of the White Star Line, by wh/Dm it is owned. 

27. — Portrait OF Miss Aitkin. By Schwordt. A well executed 
portrait of the above lady, by whom it is owned. 

28. — Brook in the Adirondacks. By Chas. A. Fiske, Fairfield^ 
Conn. (Artist, owner.) Represents the tangled wildwood of the 
great wilderness of the north woods, and the little canvas possesses 
many beauties, both in the water and the fidelity to nature of the 
varied tree trunks. 

29. — The Christmas Gift. By Halfeld, Paris. (Kellogg, 
owner.) This exquisite little gem is finely done. 
■ 3c. — View on the Desplaines. By Annie C. Shaw. (Artist, 
owner.) A riverside landscape, in which the artist displays marked 
talent. 

31 & 32. Portraits. By F. W. Freer, by whom they are owned. 

33. — An Interior of the i6th Century. By Knarren & V. 
Taussens, Brussels. (Kellogg, owner.) A servant holds out a plate 
of cherries, standing near a table at which some one has taken 
luncheon. This is an admirably well executed picture. 

34. — Portrait of the Hon. Leonard Swett, By A. E. 
Darling. Owned by Mr. Swett. 

35. — Portrait, 



THE EXHIBITORS. 55 

36. — My Little Sister. By J. R. Stiles. (Artist, owner.) A 
pleasant little picture, a description of which the title is suggestive. 

37. — Portrait. By H. E. Peterson. (Artist, owner.) 

38. — The Queen of Peace. By lUenbach, Dusseldorf. (Kellogg, 
owner.) Is a Madonna and child on a gold panel, with the motto, 
Regina Pads. The artist is of the Dusseldorf school, and one of 
power, as his pictures show. 

39.-^Tea-Party in the Garret. By Sam'l Verplanck, of Fish- 
kill, N. Y. (Artist, owner.) This picture represents a little girl's 
tea-party, and the assumed character of matronly dignity of the 
children is finely given. 

40. — The Young Orator. By Sam'l Verplanck. (Artist, owner.) 
While this picture is by the same artist as No. 39, it is not so good a 
picture ; there being too much stiffness in the subject representing a 
youthful Demosthenes on the stage of a country school-house. 

41. — A Beach Scene. By William Bradford. (Artist, owne r.) 
This is a good painting by an artist deservedly famous in this 
country and in England. 

42. — Grand-Pa's Little Girl. By Rose F. Peckham, of Prov- 
idence, R. I. The artist of this picture is entitled to credit for a 
fine production. 

43. — Portraits. By John Phillips. (Artist, owner.) 

44. — Portraits. By S. Kelley. (Artist, owner.) 

45. — Fruit. By J. P. Andrews, N. Y. (Artist, owner.) 

46. — On the Schuylkill. By M. Kollock. (Artist, owner.) Is 
a fine representation of the river. 

47. — Storm on the Shawangunk Mountains. By G. H. 
McCord, of Yonkers, N. Y. In which the heavy shadows of the 
cliff are brought out by the soft sunlight falling on the trees near 
the brook. It is a close representation of the stormy side of nature. 

48. — Grapes. By Mrs. Henshaw, of New York. (Artist, owner.) 
A fruit piece well executed. 

49. — Fountains of Pompeii. By J. Coomans, Paris. (Kellogg, 
owner.) This painting was one of the finest figure pieces exhibited. 
The position of the figures is graceful, and the interior court of an 
old Roman home is faithfully represented. 

50. — Portraits. By S. Kelley, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) 

51. — On the Connecticut. By J. F. Kensett. (Emigh, owner.) 
This is entirely unlike the usual pictures of the genial Kensett, who 
was always extremely faithful in his painting. In this picture, while 



56 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

the day is unusually warm and bright, the water is dull, and there is 
a want of liquid transparency to it. 

52. — Lake George. By J. F. Kensett. (Emigh, owner.) In 
this picture the water has great depth and all the feeling of nature, 
and the distance has been expressed by careful handling. This paint- 
ing is a good memento of the power of this artist, who passed away 
so quickly nearly a year ago. 

53. — Sunset after a Storm. By K. Van Elten. (Emigh, owner.) 
In this picture the effect desired by the artist has been carefully 
studied and fully attained. 

54. — A November Day. By J. R. Brevoort, of New York. (Emigh, 
owner.) Is a gloomy representation, but a faithful picture of late 
autumn life. 

55.- — Corn Husking DOWN East. By Eastman Johnson. (Kel- 
logg, owner.) The husking is over, and an old man sits in a chair, 
tying together the golden ears' of seed corn, and beyond a large pile 
of husks his wife can be seen disappearing, while the little girl 
watches the arrangement of the golden ears. The drawing of the 
figures is excellent, and the lights and shadows perfect. 

56. — The Old Nobleman. . By Siegert, Dusseldorf. (Kellogg, 
owner.) The painting- of this artist of the Dusseldorf school is a 
valuable one, and, both in composition and effects, is worthy of high 
commendation. 

57. — Afternoon on the Hudson. By Wm. Hart, of New York. 
(Kellogg, owner.) This picture is the production of one of the most 
careful American artists, and it need only be said is equal to his 
former productions. 

58. — The Forge. By Verschour, of Holland. (Kellogg, owner.) 

59. — Portrait of Owen McCarthy, Esq. By F. L. Rockwell. 
(Artist, owner.) 

60. — Portrait of J. C. Gault, Esq. By F. M. Pebbles. (J. C. 
Gault, owner.) 

61. — Portrait of Mrs. J. W. Hodgkins. By F. M. Pebbles. (J, 
W. Hodgkins, owner.) 

62. — Portrait. By H. E. Peterson (Artist, owner.) 

63. — Who's Afraid! By Miss Florence B. Morton. (Artist, 
owner.) This is a saucy little sketch, which evinces spirit and prog- 
ress in correct drawing. 

64. — Lake Maggiore. By A. Waagen. (M. Ryerson, owner.) Is 
a beautiful Swiss scene, the deep blue water of the lake appearing in 



THE EXHIBITORS. 57 

the distance, and the foreground being filled with rocks and trees of 
very good texture ; a country cottage gives variety to the scene. 

65. — Landscape near Rome. By H. Burckel. (M. Ryerson, 
owner.) 

6(i. — Landscape. Bavarian Mountains. Same artist and owner. 

67. — The Pillar Lake. By Reckmann. (M. Ryerson, owner.) 
This is a companion picture to No. 64, but there is not the feeling of 
nature in it, although fairly executed. 

6^. — Congregational Singing. By Teniers. (Kellogg, owner.) 
Is an original by D. Teniers in 1628; the grouping is good, and the 
color is harmonious. 

69. — Flowers and Vases. By Robie, of Brussels. (Kellogg, 
owner.) The reputation of this artist as a great flower painter is 
fully sustained by this picture, in which the artistic carving of the 
larger vase and the natural tints of the other, made of shells, are 
very natural. 

70. — Leaving Home. By Carl Hubner, Dusseldorf (Kellogg, 
owner.) Is not a fair representation of this artist's work. It lacks 
the masterly power his works usually possess, yet some portions are 
painted in his usual fine style. 

71. — A Flemish Interior. By Van Hove, Holland. (Kellogg, 
owner.) Is a small, but an exceedingly good painting. The archi- 
tectural character and the .perspective have been faithfully studied, 
and the harmonies of color well preserved. 

72. — The Home of Mother Carey's Chickens. By F. M. H. 
DeHaas, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) Is one of this celebrated 
artist's superb views, in which the water is full of depth, clearness, 
and actual motion. The coast rocks, and passing vessel, add a pic- 
turesqueness to the work, which is in every way a grand marine 
picture. 

73. — The Student. By Fredericks, of New York. (Kellogg, 
owner.) Is well executed, and one deserving more than passing 
notice. 

74. — The Sleepy Nurse. By Wm. Morgan, of New York. (Kel- 
logg, owner.) In some particulars this picture is very good, but the 
drawing of the figure is faulty; though the shadows are commenda- 
ble, and give strength to the painting. 

75- — Apples. By M. Brown, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) Are 
well painted, and in position, form, color, and texture, they are praise- 
worthy. 



58 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

76 — Cattle, By Beekhausen, of Copenhagen. (Kellogg, owner.) 
This is an old painting, which is good in drawing and' color. 

77. — Chickens. By Tait, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) 

78. — Fruit amd Wine. By Wilms, of Florence. (Kellogg, 
owner ) This artist stands in the front rank of all fruit painters, 
and " Fruit and Wine " is a good representation of his style. The 
sparkling wine bubbles in a clear glass, and the grapes are beautiful 
and transparent, while the vine leaf is fresh and crispy. 

79. — Expectation. By Victor Chavet. (Kellogg, owner.) Is an 
expressive piece of painting, and superbly executed. 

80. — A Glimpse of the Catskills. By A. D. Shattuck, of New 
York. (Kellogg, owner.) This picture, being one of the artist's old 
productions, does not resemble his recent pictures. Still the feeling 
of distance has been finely expressed, and the foliage of the trees is 
graceful. 

81. — Venice. By David Neal. (Kellogg, owner.) Is one of the 
many famous productions by this justly celebrated artist, and fully 
represents his power as a painter of the interior of buildings. 
. 82. — The Child's Prayer. By Meyer Von Bremen, Berlin. 
(Kellogg, owner.) This was the smallest picture exhibited, but it is 
exquisite in its microscopic finish — the child and the drapery both 
being beautifully finished. 

^2i- — Taking the Likeness. By Ed. Frere, Paris. (Kellogg, 
owner.) The name of this artist is famous, and his style can be ob- 
tained from this little picture of a boy " taking the likeness " of his 
playmate. 

84. — Cabbage Patch. By J. Merahn. (Kellogg, owner.) 

85. — Summer. By J. D. Smillie, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) 

86. — Sappho. By Leslie, of London. (Kellogg, owner.) This 
picture is by one of the most famous English painters, of American 
parentage, and attracted much attention by the elaborate finish char- 
acterizing all works of this artist. 

87. — The Sailor. A copy, by Miss Eva Hammond. (Artist, 
owner.) 

88. — The Hawk-Boy. Conteur. A copy from Healey's picture, 
by Miss Eva Hammond ; is very faithful. 

89. — Cinderella. By A. Pickering, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) 
Is not a picture possessing many perceptible points of excellence, 
and but a poor representation of the fair young princess of the glass 
slipper. 



THE EXHIBITORS. , 59 

90.^ The Savoyard. By Kate Cameron. (Artist, owner.) Is one 
of the best paintings of this artist, who has availed herself of long 
study in Paris, and but lately returned. 

91. — Portrait of George Harvey. By John Phillips. (George 
Harvey, owner.) 

92. — Portrait of Mrs. Walker. By John Phillips. (Mr. 
Walker, owner.) 

93. — After A Shower. By H. Von Elton, of New York. (Emigh, 
owner.) Is a carefully studied picture, and the effects desired by the 
artist have been fully attained. The setting sun breaking through 
the leaden clouds is faithfully portrayed. 

94. — Passing Shower. By J. F. Kensett, of New York. (Emigh, 
owner.) Is a study of nature, and shows the sympathy of the artist 
with the changeful moods of out-of-door life. 

95. — Kensington Garden. By Mignot. (Emigh, owner.) 

96. — Sealing the Letter. By George H. Harvey, of Chicago. 
(Artist, owner.) Is a beautiful figure piece by this artist, and care- 
fully painted, representing a blonde in the act of melting the wax to 
seal a letter. The color of drapery and graceful position are exceed- 
ingly good. This painting would be a fine acquisition to any art 
gallery in the world. 

97. — Coast Scene. By J. R. Brevoort, of New York. (Emigh, 
owner.) 

98. — Flowers and Vines. By Mrs. A. C. Freeland. (Miss Mor- 
ton, owner.) Are drawn and colored well. 

99. — Only Waiting. By Le Souer. (Samuel J Smith, owner.) 

100. — Autumn Sunset. By Prof. Streight, of Chicago. (Artist, 
owner.) 

loi. — Pastel Portrait — The Creole Lady. By J. GoUmann, 
of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) 

T02. — Crayon Portrait of David A. Gage, Esq. By J. Goll- 
mann, of Chicago. (D. A. Gage, owner.) 

103. — Portrait of Gov. Bross. By J. Gollmann, of Chicago. 
(Gov. Bross, owner.) 

104. — Portrait of P. A. Hall. By J. Gollmann, of Chicago. 
(P. A. Hall, owner.) 

105. — Contented. By the same artist, who is the owner. 

106. — In the Corn Field. By E. W. Hall. (Artist, owner.) 
Is a landscape, which the painter has treated artistically — the 
monotony of the scene. 



6o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

107. — Crayon Portrait of J. Young Scammon. By Mrs. S. 
M. Fassett. (Mr. Scammon, owner.) 

108. — Crayon Portrait of H. W. Hibbard. By Mrs. S. M. 
Fassett. (Mr. Hibbard, owner.) All the portraits of this artist are 
vigorous, and there is a softness about them which marks the artist 
as one of ability. 

109. — Crayon Study of a Child. By Mrs. S. M. Fassett. 
(Artist, owner.) This crayon is really very fine, and done with the 
precision of sculpture. 

no. — Crayon Portrait OF Louis Wahl. By Rabat. (Louis 
Wahl, owner.) 

III. — Crayon Portrait of Mayor J. Medill. By Rabat. 
(Mayor Medill, owner.) A life-like representation of Chicago's 
worthy Mayor, reflecting credit upon the ability of the artist in 
crayon pictures. 

112. — Crayon Portrait of Dr. Miller. By Rabat. (Dr. 
Miller, owner.) Another of the popular artist's crayon drawings, 
which are pictured true to nature. 

113. — Still Life. By P. Schneider, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) 
The painting of this picture is carefully and well done, but the color 
and light are not artistically carried through it. 

114. — Protecting Her Pets. By Dieffenbach. (Owner, un- 
known.) A true German picture, in which a little girl turns up a 
bright dish before the mother hen, who at once gives the alarm to 
her brood and charges furiously at her supposed rival. It is a 
beautiful study of life. 

115. — Portrait of a Child. By Mrs. St. John. (Artist, owner.) 

116. — Portrait OF A Child. By Mrs. St. John. (Artist, owner.) 

117. — Interior of St. Mark's Church. By C. G. Dyer. 
(Artist, owner.) A splendid representation of the interior of the 
famous Cathedral of Venice. 

118. — Crayon Portrait of Mr. Runnion. By J. Gollman. 
(Mr. Runnion, owner.) This picture, like all by the above artist, is 
excellent. 

119. — Landscape. By E. Von Perbrandt, Dusseldorf. (M. 
Knoedler, New York, owner.) This is an exquisite painting, and 
worthy of special commendation. The quality of color is good, 
and the harmony pleasing. 

120. — Christians Leaving Jerusalem. By Meirielt, after 
TCpnih^aoH, (Mr. Rverson, owner.) 



THE EXHIBITORS. 6i 

121. — Wreck in Mid-Ocean. By Paul Brown, of Chicago. 
(Artist, owner.) In all marine views this artist commands consid- 
erable attention, and this painting is undoubtedly the best he has 
ever painted, and is possessed of real merit. 

122. — Off Sleeping-Bear Point. By Paul Brown, of Chicago. 
(Artist, owner.) Although by the same artist, is not so good a 
picture; yet it suffers more by comparison with No. 121 than its 
actual faults. 

123. — Washington. After Houdin's cast, by J. W. Dodge. 
(Artist, owner.) This is a fine water-color, and shows careful study 
on the part of the artist. 

124. — One that Thirsteth. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, owner.) 
A pleasing sketch of an old woman drinking at the fountain of 
Grace Church. 

125. — The Old, Old Story. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, owner.) 
An India ink drawing of an old man and his bible. 

126. — Portrait of Robert Collyer. By A. F. Brooks. 
(Artist, owner.) 

127. — Portrait of Lady and Child. By G. P. A. Healy, 
Rome. (L. W. Volk, owner.) 

128. — The Letter. By A. Pabst, of Paris. (M. Knoedler, 
owner.) All pictures by this artist are executed with skill and 
harmony, and "The Letter" is no exception to his usual style. 

129. — The Dancing Lesson. By Otto Guenther, Dusseldorf. 
(M. Knoedler, owner.) Is full of suggestive figures. The old teacher, 
with his fiddle under his arm, is teaching the step to two ladies. 

130. Gossip. By J. Carolus, of Brussels. (M. Knoedler, owner.) 
Is well understood by the artist, and painted in pleasing style. 

131. — Flowers. By Van Bakhuizen. (M. Knoedler, owner.) 
Is a large flower piece in which there is a great variety of roses, yet 
distinctly represented as to bear close examination, and having a 
fresh look of nature, which the artist has transferred to the canvas 
with decided vigor. 

132. — The First Butterfly. By O. Rethel, Dusseldorf. (M. 
Knoedler, owner.) An old woman and child watch the first comer 
of spring. The shadows are heavily depicted, and the picture 
choice. 

133. — Pleasures of Childhood. By C. Beinck Dusseldorf. 
(M. Knoedler, owner.) Is by another artist of the Dusseldorf 
school, and affords a fine opportunity for the study of color. 



62 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

134. — Moorish Peasantry. By L. C. Tiffany, of New York. 
(Artist, owner.) In which is especially noticeable a beautiful vein 
of color, traceable from the red sand through the group in white 
drapery. 

135. — Highland Sheep. By E. Schenck, Paris. (M. Knoedler, 
owner.) Is a good picture, and has been well and gracefully painted. 

136. — The Antiquarian. By A. K. Littschauer, Dusseldorf. 
(M. Knoedler, owner.) In which an old man is expatiating the 
beauty and value of an antique mug. The colors are finely blended, 
and the painting is without a fault. 

137. — The Old Clearing. Landscape, by A. H. Wyant; deer, 
by A. T. Tait. (A. H. Wyant, owner.) The landscape is painted 
by A. H. Wyant, and the deer is added by A. T. Tait, and both 
artists have acquitted themselves with credit. 

138. — Asking Bearings. By Norton, of Boston. (Edwin Lee 
Brown, of Chicago, owner.) 

139. — Wood Scene. By W. Wittridge. (Edwin Lee Brown, 
owner.) Is a beautiful painting, in which the characters of our native 
trees are faithfully represented. 

140. — Head of Beethoven in Crayon. By Rabat. (Owner 
unknown.) Well executed. 

141. — Portrait of a Young Lady. By Albert Jenks, of Chi- 
cago. (Artist, owner.) 

142. — Portrait of Gen. Geo. H. Thomas. By A. F, Brooks, 
of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) Admirably painted, and a faithful 
likeness. 

143. — Portrait of Dr. A. E. Small. By Mrs. S. M. Fassett. 
(Dr. Small, owner^i) 

144.— Pears. By D. Wagner, of Norwich, N. Y. (Mrs. L. M. 
Wagner, owner.) A small fruit piece, finely painted, and so natu- 
rally represented that the luscious odor is all but perceptible. 

145. — Marine Sketch. By D. T. Williams. (Artist, owner,) 

146.— Studies OF Venice. By S. A. D. Volk. (L. W. Volk, 
owner.) 

147. — Raspberries. By D. Wagner, of Norwich, N. Y. (Mrs. 
L. M. Wagner, owner.) Another correct and natural representation 
of fruit which seems to characterize the paintings of this artist, and 
be his specialty. 

148. — Colorado Sunset. By Geo. S. C'ollis. (Artist, owner.) 
A small landscape, representing a brilliant sunset over the plains of 
\ olorado. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 6^ 

149. — Portrait of a Young Lady. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, 
owner.) 

150. — Interior of a Studio, and Flags. By Miss Gage. (Art- 
ist, owner.) 

151. — Landscape in the Green Mountains. By Geo. S. Col- 
lis. (Artist, owner.) A neat little painting, presenting the cool 
greens of a luxuriant summer in Vermont. 

152.— Portrait of Mr. Perro. By A. F. Brooks. (Mr. Perro, 
owner.) A most truthful picture, and one in which the artist has 
excelled his usual accurate productions. 

153. — Portrait of a Young Lady. (Owned by M. Kimball.) 

154. — Portrait of Miles Standish. This is a picture of the 
puritan hero, scarred by many battles with the Indians, and with a 
disfigured eye. This painting is said to be an original one, painted 
in England; but the closest inquiry has failed to elicit the name of 
the painter. 

155. — Black and Tan. By H. C. Bispham, of New York. 
(Artist, owner.) In canine representations this artist is excellent. 
In this painting he has given an animated picture of the mother 
seeking her puppies. The drawing, and beautiful contrasts in color 
are faultless. 

156. — Portrait of a Girl. By J. W. Dodge. (Mr. Davis, 
owner.) 

157. — Ram's Head. By F. W. Freer. (Artist, owner.) Is a fine 
head of the ram, which is well drawn in a threatening position. 

158. — Portrait of Mr. Davis. By J. W. Dodge. (Mr. Davis, 
owner.) 

159. — Joys of Spring. By C. Wagner. (Mrs. L. M. Wagner, 
owner.) 

160. — Portrait of Miss Clayberg. By C. F. Schwardt. (Miss 
Clayberg, owner.) 

161. — Fruit and Wine. By Geo. Harvey, of Chicago. (Artist, 
owner.) Very good; the wine being well painted, while the Califor- 
nia pear and the grapes, are finely arranged and possess the liquid 
freshness of ripe fruit. 

162. — Fruit and Nuts. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, owner.) 
Well done ; and it is hard to choose between the apple and the nuts 
in excellence of quality and color. 

163. — Autumn. By Geo. H. Smillie, of New York. (Artist, 
owner.) This is worked out in careful detail, and commends itself 



64 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

to the observer as a thoroughly artistic effort to interpret the real 
feeling of nature. 

164. — Tropical Orchard. By M. J. Hunde, of New York. 
(Artist, owner.) 

165. — Passing from the Mall to the Lake — Central Park. 
By Emma Scarfe, of New York. 

166. — Pear and Grapes. By M. Ream, of New York. (Artist, 
owner.) The fruit productions of this artist are well known, and 
like all his efforts in this specialty, are done with a nicety and excel- 
lence which is equaled by few painters in this country. 

167. — Delicious Table. By M. Ream, of New York. (Artist, 
owner.) Another of this artist's able efforts, well produced. 



SECTION i>^. 
Sculpture. 

168. — Bust of Allegro. By David Richards, Chicago. (Artist, 
owner.) The subject representing the Goddess of Mirth, taken from 
Milton's poem of " Allegro, "'and finely executed in marble. The 
artist has here produced mirth without hilarity, and the production 
is one of his finest works of art. 

169. — Bust of Walter Cobb. By L. W. Volk, of Chicago. (S. 
B. Cobb, owner.) Is like all the works of this artist, faithfully and 
vividly portrayed. This bust is sculptured out of Carrara marble, 
and superbly done. 

170. — Knowledge is Power. By Edward V. Valentine, of Rich- 
mond, Va. (Artist, owner.) The life, in Virginia, of this artist has 
enabled him to truthfully delineate the varied character of the col- 
ored race. The subject represents the talented young negro who, 
while seeking for "knowledge " in the newspaper, has been overcome 
by the " power " of sleep, which appears to have been stronger than 
the " knowledge " obtained and represented by the artist with much 
sarcasm. 

171. — The Nation's Ward. By Edward V. Valentine, of Rich- 
mond, Va. (Artist, owner.) This is another fine conception of the 
little black rascal, by the same artist, whom he calls the " Nation's 
Ward," representing the sunny little nig. with a U. S. army cap 
perched upon his head, while his face beams with all the importance 
of a major-general. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 65 

172. — Statuette — Abraham Lincoln. By L. W. Volk, of Chi- 
cago. (Artist, owner.) Is well executed, and a faithful representa- 
tion. 

173. — Statuette — Stephen A.Douglas. By L. W. Volk, of 
Chicago. (Artist, owner.) The artist enjoyed the intimate acquaint- 
ance of this statesman, and has here expressed his idea of the char- 
acter of the man. 

174.— Rogers' Groups. By John Rogers, of New York. (West 
& Co., 282 Wabash ave., Chicago, Agents.) Sixteen of the renowned 
" Groups " of this celebrated artist were exhibited by West & Co., 
who are the agents for the sculptor. Everyone is so fully conversant 
with Rogers' Groups that a description of them is unnecessary. 

175. — Bust of the Young Augustus. By L. W. Volk, after An- 
tique. (Mrs. J. Y. Scammon, owner.) Is a copy of a bust found at 
Ostia, the old harbor of Rome, only a few years ago, and which is 
supposed to have been made as a portrait of the Emperor at an early 
age. 

176. — loNE. By L. W. Volk, of Chicago. (H. O. Stone, owner.) 
Is an original statue of the artist, and was a commission from the 
owner, based on the description by Glaucus, in a passage of Bulwer's 
"Last Days of Pompeii," of the beautiful maiden, of Athenian des- 
cent, whom he met in the Temple of Minerva, at Naples. He describes 
her as having raised her veil in prayer, and when their eyes met he 
felt her face was exquisitely moulded and animated with beauty. 
Addressing her in respectful tones, he invited her to place her olive 
garland with his own upon the altar. Such is the scene which the 
artist has represented, and the quiet face looks out to meet Glaucus, 
as though she could trust the stranger. The possibility of movement 
has been finely expressed by the artist, and the lines of the upraised 
arm are beautifully moulded. The statue is done in Carrara marble, 
and is a masterpiece of sculpture, reflecting great credit on the artist. 
The statue has never before been exhibited, and the thanks of an 
admiring public are due to H. O. Stone, Esq., the owner, for the op- 
portunity given to view this last great effort of Chicago's eminent 
sculptor. 

177. — Zenobia. By Harriet Hosmer. (Potter Polmer, owner.) 
Is pronounced by the most able critics to be a work of art of the 
highest order. This copy of Zenobia, the Queen of old Palmyra, is 
reduced to life size from the original heroic statue, but there is the 
same beauty of form, without the majestic presence. This is the 



66 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

tenth- copy from the original made by this artist, demonstrating that 
her works of art are fully appreciated, as they deservedly should be. 

178. — Bust of J. Young Scammon. By L. W. Volk. (J. Y. 
Scammon, owner.) Is done in plaster, but is deserving of being in 
a more substantial material, so faithfully true to nature has the artist 
rendered his subject. 

179. — Dreaming. An ideal bust. By A. L. Lansing. (H. S. 
Lansing, owner.) Marks the progress of the student, and ought to 
incite him to study closely the laws of art. 

180. — Hebe. By Canova. (Public Library of Kentucky, owner.) 
The history of this statue is romantic, and worthy of mention. 
While carping critics deny that this work came from the hands of the 
great Canova, they concede a master's hand in its execution. Thirty 
years ago Robert J. Ward, a wealthy merchant of New Orleans and 
Louisville, purchased this statue of a Spanish merchant, who was in 
destitute circumstances, having fled from Spain to avoid the penal- 
ties of participation in an insurrection. The price paid was some 
$7,000 in gold. Ten years ago it passed into the hands of M. Muldoon 
& Co., of Louisville, the largest marble dealers in the world, who'had 
large interests in Carrara, Italy. Critics examined the statue, and a 
difference of opinion as to its authorship prevailed. Mr. Muldoon, 
•desiring to satisfy himself, went to Italy with photographs of the 
istatue, and met the celebrated sculptor, Fabricotti, who, interesting 
himself, introduced him to Tennerani (since deceased), who was then 
.the Pope's sculptor in charge of the art records of the Vatican. The 
original Hebe was recorded as in the Royal Art gallery at Berlin, 
.and is said to have been purchased at a cost of $100,000 in gold. 
Two other copies were traced to reliable sources, and the third, the one 
^exhibited at the Chicago Inter-State Exposition, passed out of Rome 
in 1820, by permission of the Pope, into the possession of a noble of 
the house of Bellagoi. Entering into one of the numerous political 
•.complications of that country, he was arrested, imprisoned, and his 
property confiscated. A Spanish merchant purchased the Hebe, 
-and in the course of time fell into similar political troubles, was 
hunted, and finally escaped from Spain, reaching New Orleans, as 
.recited, with this solitary remnant of his art treasures. From the 
Ward family Hebe passed into the possession of Muldoon & Co., 
who, about one year ago, sold it for $20,000 to the Public Library of 
Kentucky, an extensive institution situated at Louisville, and which 
.owns, besides Hebe, a number of rare and costly works of art, a 



THE EXHIBITORS. 67 

museum of 250,000 specimens, a library of over 50,000 volumes, a 
building costing $210,000, and after the consummation of its arrange- 
ments, under a special act of the Kentucky Legislature, will have an 
endowed fund amply sufficient to make it self-sustaining. 



SECTION 2. 



Architecture and Design. 



1«I 



Court House Design, W. L. B. Jenney. 



182. — Court House Design, Sturgis. 

183. — Court House Design, Armstrong & Egan. 

184. — -Court House Design, De Forrest & Fisher. 

185. — Court House Design, A, J. York. 

186. — 'Court House Design, Jas. Murdoch. 

187. — Court House Design, Wheelock & Thomas. 

188. — -Court House Design, Adam L. Robb. 

189. — Court House Design, L. C. Welch. 

190. — Court House Design, Thomas Tilley. Adopted by Common 
Council of Chicago, and from which the new Court House will be 
built. 

191. — Perspective View of Leading Buildings of Chicago, James 
B, Tyerman, Reaper Block. 

192. — Ink Drawing of Evening on Staircase of Bruhlsche Terrace, 
in Dresden, A. Howard Parslow, Nixon Bd. 

193.— Ink Drawing of Night on Staircase of Bruhlsche Terrace, 
in Dresden, A. Howard Parslow, Nixon Bd. 

194. — Ink Drawing, The Little Mother, A. Howard Parslow, 
Nixon Bd. 

195. — Genealogical Tree of the Morris Family, nine generations, 
from 1654, carried out perfectly to the present time. 

196. — Pen Design, H. B. Bryant, Chicago. 

197. — Pen Designs, Ornamental, Business Writing and Drawing, 
M. R. & S. M. Powers, 105 Madison street. 

198. — Pen Design, Sidney S. Hurlbut, 66 Warren ave., Chicago. 

199. — Pen Design, W. H. Starr, Chicago. 

200. — International Exposition, Philadelphia, Photographs of ten 
competing plans. 



6S EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

SECTION 1]/^. 
Engravings and Chromos. 

I. — Baker & Co., cor. Clark and Monroe street, (Foot Block,) 
Chicago. Specimens of Wood Engraving. This old and well- 
known house made a fine display of specimens of their art, con- 
sisting of several frames, embracing exterior and interior views of 
buildings, machinery, lettering, etc. This firm also exhibited speci- 
mens of illuminated engraving in several colors, which was superiorly 
done, and the only specimens of this kind of work which were 
exhibited. 

2. — Chicago Engraving Company, s. e. cor. Clark and Madison 
streets, Chicago ; J. M. Miller, Business Manager. Specimens of 
Wood Engraving. The display made by this Company, of which 
Hugo Wangeman is Superintendent, consisted of four large walnut 
frames of fine wood engravings done by them, and comprised exte- 
rior and interior views of buildings, machinery, trade-marks, 
illustrations for periodicals, etc., all done in a superior style, and 
were properly termed engravings, some of the specimens exhibited 
being so finely executed as to closely resemble steel plates. The 
facilities of this Company are unequaled in the northwest for fine 
work, of which they make a specialty, and the quality of work shown 
by them fully demonstrates their capabilities for executing engraving 
in a thoroughly artistic manner. The display made was commend- 
able, and reflected great credit upon the Company. 

3. — Chicago Lithographing Company, cor. Fifth avenue and 
Washington street ; Essroger, Ruehlow & Co., Proprietors. Speci- 
mens of Lithography. Comprising chromos, labels, bonds, heading s, 
cards, etc.; a particularly fine specimen of their work being the 
business card of the Company done in several colors. Lithograph s 
of the Exposition were printed in the building, showing the opera- 
tion of the impression from the stone. 

4. — Jacob Manz, 70 LaSalle street, Chicago. Specimens of 
Wood Engraving. Comprising views of all kinds, buildings, 
machinery, etc., some of the work exhibited reflecting much credit 
upon the exhibitor, being done in a highly commendable and artistic 
manner. If the samples shown are a representation of the usual 
work done by this house, it certainly places it in the foremost ranks 
of wood engraving establishments. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 69 

5. — Vandercook & Co., State and Madison streets, Chicago. 
Specimens of wood engraving. Engraving in great variety, com- 
prising large poster-work, magazine illustrations, views of build- 
ings, etc., which reflected much credit upon the skill of this firm, 
who, although young in the business, evinced a thorough knowledge 
of their profession, and showed their capability to execute engraving 
in a superior manner. 

6. — Western Bank Note Company, Chicago. Specimens of 
Steel Engraving, finely executed. 

7. — White & Brayley, Buffalo, N. Y,, and 160 LaSalle street, 
Chicago. Specimens of plain and colored lithography in great 
variety. This house is one of the largest and most favorably known 
in lithography in this country. The specimens of their art displayed 
were particularly fine. 



SECTION 3. 

Photographs. 

Photography was first known in the year 1780, and originated in 
England. A Mr. Bolton, of Soho square, London, did an extensive 
business in the photographing line, in 1781. A Mr. Wedgewood 
made several additional discoveries in the art, and Mr. Fox Talbot 
succeeded in fixing the pictures in 1834; but it was not until 1850, 
however, that the collodion process was introduced. The present 
photographic society was established in 1853. 

I. — E. L. Brand & Co., 596 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Photog- 
raphy in all branches of the art. Perhaps no more attractive display 
was made in the photograph line than by these artists. To criticise 
the specimens shown by them would be impossible ; while to com- 
mend their many superior qualities would be equally as hard a task, 
as the pictures were faultless, and among the most artistic on exhi- 
bition. Especially noticeable was a life-size crayon portrait of Geo. 
H. Laflin, Esq., finished in India ink. The entire display bespeaks 
for this firm the fact that they have undoubtedly arrived at a point 
of perfection in photography beyond which it seems impossible to go. 

2. — CoPELiN & Son, 244 W. Washington street, Chicago. A fine col- 
lection of portraits, life, cabinet, and other styles, were shown by 
these artists ; all of which were finely executed ; and the exhibition 
was artistic throughout, and reflected much credit upon the artists 



70 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

for the skill displayed and the perfection attained by them in the 
photographic art, 

3. — S. M. Fassett, 50T Wabash avenue, Chicago. Specimens of 
Photographs in various styles ; prominent among which was the cele- 
brated ideal picture. The display of India ink and crayon work was 
commendable; while the smaller pictures showed care in finishing, 
and were noticeable for clearness. The high reputation of this art- 
ist for superior work was fully sustained by the display made. 

4. — C. Gentile, s. e. cor. State and Washington streets. Por- 
traits of all description, in Photography; Landscapes, etc. The exhi- 
bition made by this artist was of a varied character, embracing not 
only specimens of the photographic art, but Indian costumes, curi- 
osities, and portraits of Apache and other Indians, The photo- 
graphic specimens shown by this artist are very good, and in which 
his ideas of arrangement are particularly noticeable. His pictures 
are clear, and will bear favorable comparison. 

5- — P.B.Green, 315 W. Jackson street, Chicago. Landscape 
Scenery, and Views of Prominent Buildings in Chicago, before and 
after the Conflagration. All the specimens exhibited were well exe- 
cuted, being sharp and clear. The landscape views shown were 
exceedingly fine. This particular branch of the photographic art is 
made a specialty of by this exhibitor, and in which he certainly 
excels. 

6. — Alfred Hall, 217 W. Madison street, Chicago. Portraits, 
Cartes de Visite, etc. Among the collection of photographs shown 
by this artist were several specimens of the art, very finely executed. 

7. — Geo. J. Klein, Chicago. Photographs of several styles were 
exhibited by this artist, executed in a commendable manner. 

8. — LovEjOY & Foster, 88 State street, Chicago. Stereoscopic 
Views of Chicago, Niagara Falls, Colorado Canons, American Scen- 
ery generally. Several large views of the Yo Semite Valley, Cal., 
were finely executed. 

9. — C. D. MosHER, 951 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Portraits of 
Celebrities, life size, worked in crayon, Photographs, Imperial, Cabi- 
net, and Carte de Visite. The display of this artist occupied a 
prominent position among the many exhibitors in the photographic 
line, and attracted much attention. Many of the pictures were excel- 
lently well executed, and all elegantly mounted and framed. The 
specimens of work exhibited bespeaks for this artist more than a 
passing mention. 



THE EXHIBITORS. . 7 1 

lo, — E. D. Ormsby, 309 W. Madison street, Chicago. Four large 
walnut frames, containing cabinet specimens of this artist's ability ? 
were shown, and were executed in a commendable manner. 

II. — H. RocHER, 724 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Portraits, Life, Cab- 
inets, Carte de Visite, etc. The specimens of the photographic art 
displayed by this artist were remarkably fine and would bear the 
closest comparison with the best New York work, being noticeable 
for their clearness and pleasing tone, and while every part of the 
subject was superbly executed, yet the drapery was defined by unus- 
ual sharpness, and more especially noteworthy. The productions of 
this artist were excelled by none upon exhibition, and indeed it would 
be no easy matter to equal them, the laws of art having been so 
thoroughly complied with. 

12. — B. L. Rider, 335 W. Madison street, Chicago. Specimens 
of Photographs. 

13. — Thomas Severn, 134 Madison street, Chicago. This artist 
exhibited some fine specimens of Porcelain Pictures, well mounted. 



SECTION 'iVz- 
Wax . Work, Etc. 

I. — Mrs. I. M. Bell, 14 North Sheldon street, Chicago. A variety 
of specimens of wax flowers. 

2. — Miss Lizzie Baxter, 343 West Adams street, Chicago. Wax 
work. 

3. — Mrs. Cook, 650 Burnside street, Chicago. Wax flowers. 

4. — Mrs. C. E. Galloway, Lee Centre, 111. A large wreath com- 
posed of seeds, which closely resembled wax work, or artificial flow- 
ers. It was attractive in itself, but rendered still more so upon read- 
ing the card appended, which informed you by whom it was done, 
and " that the exhibitor was seventy years of age." 

5. — Mrs. L. E. Heap, 19 North Green street, Chicago. A wreath 
of memorial flowers done in wax. 

6. — Mrs. C. E. Leonard and Daughter, 508 Fulton street, Chi- 
cago. Specimens of feather flowers. 

7. — Mrs. M. E. Sweetland, 32 Honore block, Chicago. An oval 
glass case containing a medallion portrait of Abraham Lincoln sur- 
rounded by a wreath of flowers, the whole being^done in wax, and 
was a very artistic piece of workmanship. 



72 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

8. — John Leber, 243 Larabee street, Chicago. A fine piece of 
work representing flowers, leaves and birds, the whole being com- 
posed of all varieties of garden seeds. 

9. — Mrs. L. McLean and Daughter, Chicago. Wax work, rep- 
resenting garden vegetables, etc., and very natural in appearance. 

10. — Miss Viola Pollard, Fort Madison, Iowa. Wax basket of 
fruits. A large wax basket, as pure and white as the unsullied snow- 
flakes, was filled with flowers so exquisitely wrought, so like nature's 
own, their, very odor seemed perceptible, while behind them, 
arranged in an elegant wreath, were others so " life-like " that one 
could fancy a troop of blushing roses, pale lilies and modest violets 
had joined hands and sat for their pictures. Besides these were 
fruits most tempting to behold ; luscious peaches, delicious grapes, 
slices of watermelon that seemed melting with ripeness, apples whose 
bruised sides assured the beholder they had fallen from the tree, and 
cherries the very birds would have mistaken for the genuine. The 
motto, " God bless our home," with the clasped hands beneath, would 
make a beautiful and most appropriate bridal gift, and bespoke for the 
artist a degree of perfection of which she may justly be proud. Speci- 
mens of this artist's work can still be seen at 120 Eighteenth street, 
Chicago. 



SECTION 4. 

Stained and Cut Glass. 

I. — James Berry & Co., 85 Jackson street, Chicago. Ornamental 
Plate, of Cut Glass. The sheet of glass displayed by this firm was 
a specimen of the most particular part of glass cutting, and certainly 
reflected great credit upon the exhibitors for the fine manner in 
which the work was executed. The design of the specimen shown 
was the United States coat of arms, surrounded by the names of the 
several Presidents, from Washington to Lincoln. It was a splendid 
piece of workmanship, and done with a precision and nicety that 
seems almost impossible when aware that all this ornamental 
"cutting" is done by a revolving stone wheel worked by steam 
power. All the delicate characters to be cut are first traced in 
pencil, and then manipulated by the workman upon the flying wheel, 
and the result is, such specimens are daily produced as the one 
exhibited. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 73 

2. — Geo. a. Misch & Bros., Chicago. A Stained Glass Window, 
representing the Goddess of Liberty, which was one of the finest 
pieces of workmanship in the building. It was of large size, and 
depicted the subject in the many colors of the rainbow. The 
drawing and blending of the various colors was highly commendable 
and in perfect harmony, marking this firm as masters of their art, 
and gaining for them a justly earned reputation by their artistic 
display. 

3. — Otto Jevne & Co., 226 E. Washington street, Chicago. 
Stained Glass Windows. The stained glass window over the center 
of the Art Gallery was probably unnoticed by a few visitors, since it 
was hung so high. The subject was the Nativity of Christ, and the 
the proud mother is exhibiting to wondering angels the beautiful 
babe sleeping in the manger. One angel is kneeling, another has a 
wreath of roses, and, beyond, the cherubs close the scene. Joseph 
stands under a rustic background with a look of intelligent responsi- 
bility. The grouping is easy and natural, and both the design and 
execution evince the talent of the artist, Henry Goetinck, one of the 
members of the firm of Otto Jevne & Co. The drapery falls in 
graceful folds, especially from the Madonna, and the flesh tints are 
good, with fine gradations of color and strong efiects of shadow. 
The window is 45^ feet wide and 11 feet high, and is an original 
work of this firm, who also display two windows in the southeastern 
wall of the main building, representing the Good Shepherd and 
ornamental work. The process of manufacturing is to paint the 
glass with mineral colors, and then introduce it several times into a 
kiln until it is vitrified, and then, by "leading up," to fit the portions 
into a complete window. 



SECTION 5. 

Liberal Arts. — Typography and Book-binding, including Books, Stationery and 

Material. 

I. — D. Appletdn & Co., 549 and 551 Broadway, New York. Mo- 
ses Warren, Agent, 103 State street, Chicago. The enterprising agent 
of this well and favorably known publishing house made a large and 
attractive display of popular subscription books, finely bound ; prom- 
inent among which may be noticed such really meritorious works as 
Appleton's New American Encyclopedia, bound in calf, and Apple- 



74 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

ton's Annual Encyclopedia, bound in sheep. Another Avork of great 
merit, noticed in this excellent collection, was Picturesque America, 
probably the most superbly illustrated work ever published in this 
country. Seward's Travels, Hill's Business Forms, and a great variety 
of other works of equal merit, completed the display. Of Hill's 
Business Forms too much cannot be said in praise, it being a book 
adapted to the wants of everybody, man, woman, and child, contain- 
ing forms of every kind of legal and commercial instrument, corre- 
spondence, styles of printing, etc. To enumerate all this valuable work 
contains would be to devote the entire space of the " Souvenir " to its 
description. The exhibition showed some of the most valuable works 
the country affords, and the agent is to be complimented in repre- 
senting such works of merit, which reflected greatly to his credit and 
the house he represents. 

2. — Bradner, Smith & Co., no and 112 Madison street, Chicago. 
Paper" of all kinds. Specimens of paper were exhibited by this firm 
in large variety, of their own manufacture, and consisted of Wrap- 
ping, Express, Dry Goods, Manilla, and Tea Paper, made at the 
Winnebago Mills, Rockton, 111., and Book, News, and Colored Pa- 
pers, made at the Rozet Mills, Three Rivers, Mich., both of which 
mills are owned and operated by this old established firm, who, in 
addition, are also proprietors of the New Chicago Mills, built since 
the great fire, and which are run exclusively on Print Paper, making 
four tons per day. Specimens of this paper was also exhibited, 
together with a large assortment of Envelopes, Shipping Tags, 
Twines, etc. The papers shown were of excellent quality, and taken 
from ordinary stock in store, and fully sustained the reputation the 
papers of this firm have, the imprint of any of their mills upon a 
piece of paper being a sufficient guarantee of its quality. 

3. — J. W. Butler & Co., 184 and 186 Monroe street, Chicago. A 
large and varied assortment of Coarse and Fine Papers of every 
description, also Card and Straw Board. The goods of this house 
are well known, and are always of standard quality, and those exhib- 
ited were but fair representations of their general stock. 

4. — Carter Bros., 27 Milk street, Boston, Mass. Inks and Mu- 
cilage. To attempt any description of the merits of Carter's Inks 
and Mucilage would be useless, as perhaps there are but few business 
men in the country who cannot fully bear testimony to the excellence 
of these staple articles (particularly the Inks), and can date their 
knowledge back to their schoolboy days, when first learning to wield 



THE EXHIBITORS. 75 

that which " is mightier than the sword," and with a reputation like 
this, and of so long standing, no comments are here needed; suffice 
it to say, the display made of these goods was like their quality — 
standard. 

5. — Cox, Henderson & Co., Book-binders, made a fine dis- 
play of the various styles of binding as executed at their estab- 
lishment, corner of Clark and Adams streets (Lakeside building), 
Chicago. Among the hundred volumes exhibited were a few very 
beautiful samples of fine calf and morocco work, which evinced a 
positive knowledge of their business, and spoke volumes in praise of 
this justly celebrated firm, the largest in the northwest. Especial 
mention should be made of a volume of " Milton's Paradise Lost," 
which was bound in crushed levant, beautifully and artistically inlaid 
and finished, giving evidence that their facilities for executing 
edition, cloth and leather work, is unrivalled in the west. In fact, 
never before in the history of this western country, has the art of 
bookbinding, in all its varied branches, been so successfully demon- 
strated, as it has upon this occasion by the above-named firm. The 
establishment of these exhibitors comprise one entire floor of the 
Lakeside building, containing 12,500 square feet of space, and hav- 
ing every requisite for promoting the interests of their large and 
increasing business. 

6, — The Commercial Advertiser. Among the various enter- 
prises associated with the Exposition, the Commercial Advertiser 
occupies a prominent and honorable place. The initial number of 
this valuable commercial weekly appeared just as the preliminary 
work of the Exposition began, and from that time until Nov. 8, it 
improved every opportunity for advancing the interests of the grand 
project whose complete success this volume records. With the busi- 
ness foresight worthy the energy of the proprietors of the Commercial 
Advertiser, they saw at a glance that the success of the Exposition 
was identical with the best interests of Chicago and the northwest. 
Acting on this idea, the Commercial Advertiser, while carefully 
recording the progress of the work, at the same time kept its import- 
ance before the business men of the west, and contributed largely 
to its final success. At the opening of the show, by order of the 
Executive Committee, the Commercial Advertiser was made the offi- 
cial organ and Daily Pi-ogramme of the Exposition ; and, during its 
continuance was printed daily in the building, with complete engrav- 
ings, showing both the exterior and interior arrangement of the 



76 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

grand structure. In its columns may be found a complete record of 
the progress of the Exposition. 

The Commercial Advertiser, as a weekly mercantile journal, sup- 
plies a long-felt want in business circles. While printing accurate 
and complete market reports, it also gives with each issue an able, 
trustworthy and complete financial and commercial resume of the 
week's business, and especially serves as a medium of information 
between the city merchant and manufacturer and their country cus- 
tomers. A special feature of its columns will be the reporting of 
new manufacturing enterprises, and business changes throughout the 
west. The Commercial Advertiser is in every respect a worthy rep- 
resentative of the business thrift and energy peculiar to the Garden 
City. 

Although primarily a mercantile journal, the Commercial Adver- 
tiser strives after a high ideal, as a recognized authority in questions of 
a literary and social nature. It believes that the current features ot 
general literature should be agreeably mingled with the more serious 
problems of business and finance. 

A special feature of the Commercial Advertiser is its correspond- 
ence from the financial centers of the country, and interesting let- 
ters from the enterprising and rapidly growing towns of the west, 
thus noting the various changes in the east, while recording the con- 
tinued prosperity and rapid growth of western cities and towns. 

Merchants and manufacturers, desirous of more widely introduc- 
ing their business to the trade and commerce of the west, can 
scarcely do better than to avail themselves of the columns of the 
Commercial Advertiser. 

7. — Culver, Page, Hoyne & Co., 118 and 120 State street, Chi- 
cago. Stationery, blank books, etc. The display made by this lead- 
ing Chicago house in the stationery line consisted of every requisite 
in that line of goods in great variety. Among the attractions of 
their display was a National paging machine (in operation), tax cal- 
culator, copyists' assistant, Walton's abstract books, etc. A fine 
stock of Japanese goods, directly imported by this house from Yoko- 
hama, Japan, was much admired. The space occupied by these ex- 
hibitors was filled to repletion, which could have readily been large- 
ly increased without effort, as the establishment of this firm is doubt- 
less the largest and most complete in the northwest. 

8. — Cleveland Paper Company, 109 Madison street, Chicago. 
A large assortment of various kinds of paper manufactured by this 



THE EXHIBITORS. 77 

Company, showing its different stages of manufacture, from "pulp " 
to the finished article. The goods exhibited are too well known to 
the trade and public generally to need extended description. This 
Company's largest mill is situated at Cleveland, Ohio, and the fine 
book, writing and printing paper shown were made in that city, but 
find market for their sale in Chicago. The sales of this Company 
are near two million dollars per annum. 

9. — James Dale, 56 and 58 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Specimens 
of book binding. Those exhibited consisted of an imperial general 
ledger, one royal general journal, a medium ticklor, and two demy 
tellers' journals, made for the Union National bank, of Chicago, all 
of which are deserving of special mention, and entitled to a more 
extended description than can be given. These goods were highly 
commended, by those conversant with the art of book-binding, as 
being specimens of thorough workmanship. 

10. — Jansen, McClurg & Co., 117 and 119 State street, Chicago. 
Books and stationery. Among the fine imported books, standard 
literature, medical and scientific works, school books, stationery, 
etc., exhibited by this house in great variety, may be noticed two 
volumes of "Baronial Halls," elegantly bound in morocco, and val- 
ued at $150; also a superbly bound copy of Schiller's works. The 
display of this firm, although confined to small space, was one pos- 
sessed of very many attractions, and was highly creditable to them 
as the leading book-sellers of the northwest, and whose establishment 
is conceded by the public press to be " the most elegant book store 
in the United States." 

II. — W. B. Keen, Cooke & Co., 113 and 115 State street, Chicago. 
Books and standard publications. The display made by this old and 
well known house of book-sellers was exceedingly attractive, notwith- 
standing the space occupied was comparatively small. The goods 
shown consisted of bibles, Webster's unabridged dictionaries, and 
many standard works of eminent authors, artistically arranged. A 
noticeable feature of the display were some very fine specimens of 
wedding and visiting cards, monograms, etc. This house has an 
established reputation for the quality and selection of their goods, 
and those exhibited were fully in keeping with the reputation they 
so deservedly enjoy. 

12. — Franklin Leekie, 137 Western avenue, Chicago. Specimens 
of sign and ornamental painting and scenic work, very finely 
executed. 



78 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

13. — J. R. Lawrence & Co., 172 S. Clark street, Chicago. Paper 
carpeting and oil cloth. This article is a thick, hard, solid and 
compact paper, chemically prepared and painted in various designs to 
represent oil-cloth and carpet. It is cheap, costing about one-quarter 
the price of oil-cloth and carpeting, and by varnishing becomes 
durable and lasting for years. It has been successfully used and pro- 
nounced a decided success. It can be cleaned the same as a painted 
floor. This firm also exhibited a variety of aluminous and orna- 
mental paper used as a substitute for lath and plaster. In this 
progressive age nothing now seems impossible to inventive genius, 
and hence paper is not only used for building houses, but also to 
carpet the floors of the same when done. These exhibitors also 
demonstrate further the great value of paper. They are now 
engaged in the manufacture oi paper flour barrels. These barrels 
not only cost much less than those of wood, but are far more orna- 
mental, and are water-proof. The hoops are also made of the same 
material. The articles when completed will stand a pressure of 2,200 lbs 
to the barrel. This enterprising firm also manufactures cigar boxes 
and all kinds of packages for shipping purposes out of paper, which 
it is claimed are fully as. serviceable as wood, and the cost less. 
What other valuable uses paper will yet be put' to, the future alone 
can tell. 

14. — J, W. MiDDLETON, 55 State street, Chicago. Blank books 
and binding. The collection comprising this display was in every 
way first-class, and especially a set of books manufactured to order 
for the First National Bank of Chicago, consisting of two super- 
royal general ledgers, two super-royal journals, and several supple- 
mentary books, all bound in full-jeweled Russia. A set of county 
records, bound in Russia bands and fronts, was also noticeable, as 
well as a variety of blank books in demy and medium sizes, bound 
in full Russia. All the above being made of first quality linen 
ledger paper and composed of the best material throughout, and are 
but fair representations of workmanship which characterizes the 
well-known establishment of this exhibitor. 

15. — Oglesby, Barnitz & Co., 154 and 156 Clark Street, 
Chicago, and Middletown, Ohio. Chromo, Lithographic Plate, Note, 
Letter and Bag Paper. The specimens of paper exhibited embraced 
all the staple varieties for Printers, Book-binders and Book-sellers use, 
and were manufactured by the exhibitors at Middletown, O. The 
specialty exhibited by this firm was samples of writing paper of the 



THE EXHIBITORS. 79 

celebrated Excello Mills, this paper being extensively used for its 
superior finish, etc. An account of its manufacture is appendfeU 
which cannot fail to be of interest to all. 

Writing Papers are made exclusively from linen and cotton rags. 
The proportion of linen in a general way deteraiines the quality of 
the paper. The rags are first sorted and classified with great care, 
and then run through a revolving cylinder called a " duster," the 
loose dirt being thus removed. The rags are then boiled in a solu- 
tion of lime, or alkali in some form, by which process all foreign 
matter is dissolved or separated from the fiber. The stock is then 
ground and washed into pulp, or what is technically called "half 
stuff,", in which state it is subjected to a solution of chloride of lime, 
when it becomes perfectly white, and then it is ground fine. After 
being properly prepared, the ground pulp is mixed with water, and 
by the well known " paper machine," made into paper. As the paper 
first leaves the machine it is called " water leaf." The " water leaf" 
is made to pass through a solution of alum and gelatine in definite 
proportions. This is called " the sizing process," and upon this de- 
pends almost altogether the writing and ink bearing qualities of the 
paper; also the " finish." The paper leaves the sizing process wet, 
that is, saturated with the sizing solution, in a " green " or undried 
condition. The " drying process " in writing papers has ever been 
of the utmost importance to the quality. It requires to be dried 
very slowly, that all parts of the sheet may be dried alike. A great 
many devices have been tried to simplify and hasten this process, 
without injuring the quality. The very best results in this respect 
are probably attained by the Harding Paper Co., of Middletown, 
Ohio, who use a patented apparatus of their own, by which a current 
of air of the proper temperature is brought in contact with the paper 
in such a manner as to dry it with the best possible effect. To be 
dried, the paper is hung on poles arranged for the. purpose in large 
rooms. When properly dried it is taken down and stacked up in 
piles ready for the " callendars." These are made of iron, and paper 
rollers, through which, the sheet is made to pass under heavy pres- 
sure. This brings up the surface, and makes the gloss so necessary 
on writing papers. The paper is than sorted and arranged for dif- 
ferent purposes, some being ruled into note, letter, cap, etc., and 
some being put up "flat" for printers' use and for blank books, all 
being branded according to the grade, quality and kind. The better 
the stock used, and the greater the skill with which it is managed 



8o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

and manipulated, the better will be the paper, and perhaps there is 
no manufacturing art where skill and experience becomes more im- 
portant and valuable than in the manufacture of the higher grades 
of writing paper. . Until within a few years no attempt to make 
first-class writing papers has been made in the west. The Harding 
Paper Co., of Middletown, Ohio, were the first to make this branch 
of western paper-making a success. Their goods are now well and 
favorably known throughout the country, and rank among the very 
best goods made. 

i6. — Otto Peltzer, Board of Public Works, Chicago. Atlas of 
the city of Chicago. This is one of the most extrordinary publica- 
tions that has ever been noticed, and it may be safely said that 
nothing of a similar character has ever been attempted anywhere. 
It is no less than a complete restoration of the map records, being a 
typographical compilation of the recorded sub-divisions and addi- 
tions of the city of Chicago, (the original records of which were all 
destroyed by the great fire), giving the size and location of every 
lot, street, and alley, published in the form of a large Atlas, with 
innumerable notes of explanation of the greatest importance to 
surveyors, attorneys, real estate dealers, and, in fact, to every lot 
owner in the city. The book itself is of immense proportions, being 
two and a half by three and a half feet in size, about six inches 
thick, containing over three hundred lithographed pages of maps, 
the whole work weighing over one hundred and sixty pounds ; 
certainly the largest book ever published and bound The 
exhibitor, who was the author of this great work, has devoted the 
last twenty years to the city and County records as Draughtsman in 
the Recorder's office, and as the Superintendent of the Map and 
Record Department of the Board of Public Works, during which 
time he has collected all this information. It is to him the public is 
indebted for this valuable work, which is not only a credit to the 
author, but to the city of Chicago likewise. The placing of the 
magnificent bound copy in the Exposition was not done as a matter 
of business by the author, but was simply a matter of just and 
laudable pride on his part. The subscription price of this immense 
volume was four hundred dollars per copy. 

17. — L. N. Rosenthal 102 Van Buren street, Chicago. Fancy 
card-boards. A large show-case containing a variety of fancy card- 
boards, both plain and tinted, a specialty of the exhibitor. The 



THE EXHIBITORS. 8i 

samples shown were a fair representation of the line of goods con- 
stituting the exclusive business of this house. 

i8. — Rand, McNally & Co., 79 and 81 Madison street, Chicago. 
Railroad ticket cases and specimens of printing. A noticeable dis- 
play by this firm of samples of printing in colors, principally railroad 
work, which is their specialty. 

19. — Rock River Paper Company, 140 Lake street, Chicago, H. 
F. Evans, Treasurer and Manager. This Company exhibited a large 
and exceedingly fine variety of different kinds of paper of their own 
manufacture, consisting of print, book, wrapping, and building papers ; 
but the most attractive feature of the display was their celebrated 
patent building paper, and paper house, which was constructed 
entirely of this material. These goods are of this Company's own 
invention, and have become deservedly popular. They patented 
and commenced the manufacture of their different kinds of paper, 
as exhibited, in 1868, running one mill and making two tons per 
day. The demand since that time has so increased that this Com- 
pany *are now compelled to run three mills and turn out from twelve 
to fifteen tons per day, w^hich finds a ready market throughout the 
entire United States, as well as the Canadas and Mexico. Of the man y 
kinds of paper manufactured by this Company, and comprising their 
display, may be named the following : Prepared plastering, as a substi- 
tute for lath and plaster, is made of straw and saturated with a water- 
proof substance which leaves a hard, smooth surface, and may be 
finished in any manner that plastering or wood may be. This 
paper is also economical, costing but half as much as lath and 
plaster. Saturated sheathing, plain paper board, moth-proof carpet 
lining, etc., were among the extensive display of paper shown by this 
Company. It is a remarkable feature in this progressive age to see the 
many useful needs now supplied by paper, even to dwellings, which, 
although paper, still have all the durability of wood or other building 
material, and the Rock River Paper .Company are entitled to great 
credit for bringing to perfection this liberal art, and likewise for the 
instructive display made of their wares. 

20. — Reynolds & Reynolds, Dayton, Ohio. Exhibited a very 
useful article in the shape of a patent book cover. The patent of 
this article rests in the joints of the covers, which are so constructed 
as to allow the removal of the leaves after being written upon, and 
the insertion of new leaves to replace those used. For use of report- 
6 



82 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

ers these covers will be found particularly adapted, as well as to 
business men generally. 

21. — Sanford Manufacturing Company, 223 Fulton street, 
Chicago. Writing Fluids, Inks, Mucilage, Sealing Wax, etc. Con- 
tained in a fine black walnut case, was exhibited a large assortment 
of the above goods, manufactured by this Company, which are said 
to be fully equal, if not superior to any in market. 

22. — Sheldon & Co., (By S. S. Ventres, Agent,) 677 Broadway, 
New York, and 113 and 115 State street, Chicago. Exhibited a fine 
black walnut book case, containing a large and choice assortment of 
school and college text-books published by them. 

23. — G. F. Thomas & Co., 155 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Speci- 
mens of Decalcomanie. A very interesting display was made by 
this firm in the art of Decalcomanie or transferring of pictures of 
every character to any substance, be it what it may. The subject of 
this art is doubtless familiar to all, yet the process of the manufac- 
ture of Decalcomanie pictures is of much interest, and a brief descrip- 
tion is here appended : 

After making the design, an outline drawing is taken. This draw- 
ing is then transferred to as many stones as there are to be colors in 
the ornament or picture; each color or shade requiring a separate 
stone. Before the stone receives the outline, it must be polished to 
a glassy smoothness, with pumice stone. The best work requires 
from twelve to twenty stones, costing about $80 each. The only 
stone that can be used successfully is found in and around Bavaria, 
in Germany. Crayon is now covered over such portions of the stone 
as are to receive a certain color, — the brown shading of a scroll it 
may be, or the blue sky of a landscape — which, when the stone has 
been placed under acid, are the only portions of its surface that will 
receive or transfer to paper, any color whatever. The next stone is 
prepared in the same way, and so on until the stones are ready. The 
first stone is then placed upon the bed of the press, which is the last 
in a Chromo - Lithograph, being transposed that the ornament may 
show perfect when transferred. 

The color having been spread over it with a roller, as in type 
printing, the sheets of prepared paper, upon which the picture is to 
be printed, are placed upon it, one by one, and an impression taken. 
When the whole edition has received the first color, the second 
stone takes the place of the first, and the same sheets are run through 
the press again and the second color received. The second stone is 



THE EXHIBITORS. %l 

then replaced by the third, and this in turn by the fourth, and so on 
until the picture is finished. 

The paper is prepared with a coating of gum, that can easily be 
dissolved by water. 

The firm making this display is the only one in Chicago exclu- 
sively engaged, in the manufacture of Decalcomanie. 

24. — G. S. Truesdell & Co., 170 Washington street, Chicago. 
Several specimen copies of a business map of the city of Chicago, 
giving the owner's name, etc., of each piece of property in the busi- 
ness portion of the city. Such a map must be highly important to 
all dealers in real estate. 

25. — The New York Life Insurance Company, 346 and 348 
Broadway, New York. Curran & Perkins, managers, Bryan block, 
Chicago. Books, papers, etc., pertaining to life insurance. The dis- 
play of these exhibitors does not require description, but a brief 
mention of this popular Company, which has been brought into 
prominence by their enterprising managers for the northwest, may 
not be out of place at this time, and the few remarks regarding this 
renowned Company must prove of interest to all, w^hether seeking 
life insurance or not. As a usual thing most all companies for the 
insurance of life make promise of very many inducements which are 
never consummated. As an exception to the rule may be named the 
Company of our exhibitors. The New York Life is one of the old- 
est companies in the country, being organized twenty-eight years 
ago, and during all that time it has never swerved from the straight 
path of prudence and safety. During the ten years ending with 187 1, 
this Company has issued J2 10,925,380 of insurance, returned to its 
members ^14,880,235, or forty per cent, of its entire income during 
that period, and increased its assets $16,658,000, closing the 
year with a divisible surplus of $1,488,134. It has never paid a 
dollar to stockholders, never having had any. All its investments 
are made in the name of the Company. Its assets are the sole prop- 
erty of its insured members, who are the Company, and its business 
has been from the start conducted in the interest of policy holders 
exclusively. Insurance has thus been furnished at the lowest net 
cost practicable, and only those share the Company's funds who con- 
tribute to them. The cash assets of this Company reaches the enor- 
mous sum of $21,000,000, while its annual income is $8,000,000, both 
of which sums are unprecedented in the records of life insurance. 
The great success and popularity of this Company are in measure 



84 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

due to the sterling quality of the gentlemen who have for many years 
been its officers.- Such names as Morris Franklin, President; W. H. 
Beers, Vice-president and Actuary; Theo. M. Banta, Cashier; and 
D. O'Dell, Superintendent of Agencies, are known throughout the 
country as men of the highest worth and ability, and in every way 
admirably qualified for the eminent positions of trust so long and 
faithfully filled by them. An article from the Nfw York Commercial 
Advertiser is here given, showing some interesting facts and figures 
substantiating the position taken by this volume in behalf of the 
New York Life. 

If a long-established reputation, able management, enormous assets, and large 
dividends, are signs of prosperity in any Company, the policy-holders of the New- 
York Life Insurance Co. have certainly cause to congratulate themselves upon the 
condition of the institution with which their interests are allied. Established in the 
year 1845, and proceeding from that time onward in one unbroken career of success, 
this Company has just issued its twenty-eighth Annual Report, which shows a con- 
dition of present prosperity tha.t has but few equals in the whole circle of Life Insur- 
ance. With an income of $7,515,407.05, their total assets reach the immense 
aggregate sum of $21,667,000.14, and a divisible surplus of $1,642,424.92. During 
the past year, 8,910 policies have been issued, insuring $27,096,273.61, and the 
disbursements by losses from death alone were $1,408,519.87. 

One important feature which distinguishes this Company from many others, and 
which it was the first to introduce in this country, is the Tontine investment plan. 
By this system, any number of persons of healthy and vigorous constitutions, who 
have ostensible reasons for counting on prolonged life, can combine upon the prin- 
ciple of the survivors' benefit. They are divided into classes of ten, fifteen, or 
twenty years, according to the period preferred by the insured. The annual sur- 
plus resulting from each of those classes is allowed to accumulate for the time 
agreed upon, at the end of which the aggregate is divided among the survivors of 
those who have paid up their policies, and who have besides the privilege of with- 
drawing their entire interest in the funds of the Company. By this process a man 
not only insures the pecuniary benefit arising from his death to those he leaves 
behind him, but is taking a chance besides of accumulating a large sum of money to 
accrue to him during his lifetime. His death, in any case, entitles him to the full 
amount for which he is insured, while in the event of his being among the few 
fortunate survivors of his class, he may find himself in possession of a large share of 
accumulated wealth, which goes on, of course, increasing with each new death. 
This ingenious arrangement affords so many advantages to the insurer that it is not 
surprising to find it among the most popular of the many strong special induce- 
ments held out by this Company. 

26.— The Prairie Farmer, 118 Monroe street, Chicago. A jour- 
nal devoted to Agriculture and Horticulture, and in the interests of. 
the Patrons of Husbandry. 

This sheet is the leading agricultural one of the Northwest, 8 pp., 



THE EXHIBITORS. 85 

finely printed upon excellent quality of paper, containing depart- 
ments of Floral, Live Stock, Veterinary, and Entomological, which 
are severally edited by persons of well known ability. This paper 
is published by the Prairie Farmer Company, and is a valuable 
acquisition to the fireside of every farmer. 

27. — The Scientific Farmer, 151 and 153 Fifth avenue, Chica- 
go, C. F. Blakely & Co., Publishers. A sixteen page sheet in bound 
form, finely illustrated, and devoted to progressive Agriculture and 
Horticulture. This is a new publication for public favor, and seems 
deserving of liberal support. Its articles are ably written, the typo- 
graphical effect good, its illustrations are excellently executed, while 
the general make-up is commendable. This journal is entitled to 
the success it deservedly merits. 

28. — The Lakeside Monthly, Messrs. F. F. Browne & Co., Pub- 
lishers, Lakeside Building, Chicago. The Lakeside Monthly had on 
exhibition, besides full sets of their magazine, beautifully bound 
copies of their " Lakeside Fire Memorial," containing what has 
passed into history as the best written account of the Burning of 
Chicago — the book being elegantly illustrated with photographs of 
buildings and street views taken immediately after the Great Fire. 
They also had a sale stand for the "Special Chicago Number," then 
just out, in which, besides other matter, seventeen of the most distin- 
guished writers in the West, in specialized articles, presented the 
recompletion of Chicago with a dignity and chasteness of style, a 
thoroughness of treatment, and an elegance of taste, befitting the 
character of the magazine. 

To the Lakeside Monthly is due the credit of demonstrating the 
intellectual culture and resources of the western mind. It is but five 
years old. Througliout this short but interesting career, it has bee,n 
a compound of one kind of success with another kind of sacrifice. 
From the beginning, and still, the way has opened wide for rendering 
tribute for tribute — using the literary lever for some ulterior interest 
for brilliant but transitory profit, while the gates of literary prowess 
were narrow and forbidding at the great center of pork and grain. 
Clearly, the one way was more profitable, the other, more noble. In 
a word, hardly anybody but the faithful and indomitable editor, and 
now principal proprietor, believed a purely literary publication could 
possibly live in the west. Mr. Browne's success has been already 
confessed, and it is acknowledged that he has, by his magazine, edu- 
cated the Western mind into that very appreciation which will soon 



86 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

bring him the splendid reward of constancy to the high and true 
aims of publication. Thus, in a most emphatic sense, the Lakeside 
Monthly is a true pioneer, and has made the public that sustains it. 
If it should be long before Chicago becomes an Edinburgh, it will 
not be the fault of a magazine persisted in, against every temptation 
to turn aside for temporary money-making, which in but five years 
earned the title of the "Blackwood of the West." 

29.— J. S. Thompson & Co., 158 & 160 S. Clark street, Chicago. 
Specimens of fine printing. To give a description in detail of the 
great number of fine specimens exhibited by this old and favorably 
known printing establishment and their points of excellence, would 
occupy a small volume. Not a specimen shown but what could be 
ranked as strictly first-class in all its details, from the compositor to 
the press. The specimens exhibited of wood-cut work were highly 
commendable. The most elaborate piece of printing in the display 
was the business card of the firm. The design was a bouquet of 
flowers, and was printed in colors, the flowers being so perfectly 
shaded and the presswork so excellently done that, instead of a piece 
of fine printing the impression would be that one was looking upon 
an oil painting with which the artist had acquitted himself in a most 
creditable manner. The workmanship manifest throughout the 
entire display was very superior, and places the firm far in advance 
of many of their competitors in the "liberal arts." 

30. — Waters & Co., cor. State and Sixteenth streets, Chicago. 
"Our Fireside Friend." This paper is the greatest family and 
industrial weekly of the west, with the immense circulation of 97,000 
copies per week, and rapidly increasing. It is a large eight-page 
illustrated sheet, whose contents are original, varied, and interesting, 
and is strictly a moral home weekly. " Our Fireside Friend " is in 
its fourth volume, and has met with unprecedented success, and 
deservedly so, gaining its popularity by its merits. The premium 
chroraos, " Cute" and " Coming, " given to each subscriber of " Our 
Fireside Friend," were also exhibited, and are unusually fine speci- 
mens of oil chromos, the subjects being pleasing and interesting and 
the pictures well executed. 

31. — J. M. Wing & Co., 91 Madison street, Chicago. "The Land 
Owner," an illustrated newspaper, devoted to the interests of Chicago, 
occupied a prominent position in the Exposition building. No, 
description as to the merits of this paper are necessary, as it is well 
known as an advocate of Chicago's merchants and manufacturers. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 87 

Its articles are ably written, while its illustrations are from the pencil 
of the popular artist, R. W. Wallis, Esq. It is a sixteen page sheet, 
printed upon fine quality of paper, published monthly at one dollar 
per year. 

32. — Young Men's Christian Association, Chicago. This hon- 
ored and valuable Association, which may be found in every 
community throughout the length and breadth of the land, and 
whose Christian work is familiar to all, were also allotted a space in the 
Exposition building for the sale of bibles, tracts, and religious works, 
the proceeds of which went into the treasury of the Association, to 
be used in the continuance of their good cause. 

2i2i- — A. Zeese & Co., T14 Monroe street, Chicago. Specimens of 
electrotyping. The specimens exhibited of this mechanical art 
were in large variety, consisting of electrotype plates of all styles of 
book type, one set of plates attracting much attention, being set in 
" Brilliant " type, the smallest made. An assortment of machine- 
shaved leads, for printers' use, were noticeable from their thinness of 
manufacture, it taking ninety-two leads to make one inch in thick- 
ness. This house was the first to introduce electrotyping in Chicago, 
being established in 1857, and their display reflected great credit 
upon their ability, all the goods shown being of their usual make, 
taken from stock. 



SECTION 6. 

Musical Instruments . 

I. — Julius Bauer & Co., corner of State and Monroe streets 
(Palmer House), Chicago. Pianos, Organs and Musical Instruments. 
The pianos exhibited by this firm, in addition to those of their own 
manufacture, and bearing their name, were the William Knabe 
& Co., of Baltimore, Md., and known as the "Gold Medal Pianos," 
for which the exhibitors have the exclusive agency of the northwest. 
The Knabe instruments exhibited consisted of an elegant full con- 
cert grand piano, 7 ^ octaves, rosewood case, one square parlor 
grand, and one square piano. These instruments have been before 
the public for over thirty years, and have attained an eminence upon 
their many points of excellence. Their tone combines great power 
and sweetness, as well as purity of intonation and evenness through 
the entire scale. In workmanship they are very fine, and made of 



88 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

the best seasoned material. Every Knabe piano is fully warranted 
for five years, and to all the instruments exhibited of this make was 
attached the "patent improved Agraffe treble." The J. Bauer & 
Co.'s improved Agraffe pianos, exhibited and manufactured by this 
firm, consisted of several superbly finished square pianos, the clear, 
m.usical tone of which was much admired. These pianos contain 
all the essential qualities required in a first-class instrument as regards 
material, workmanship, durability and richness of tone. An assort- 
ment of the popular Needham organs, together with musical instru- 
ments of all kinds, completed the commendable display made by 
these exhibitors. 

2. — Theo. J. Elmore & Co., 78 State street, Chicago. Pianos 
and Musical Instruments. The pianos exhibited by this firm were of 
the celebrated Decker Bros, manufacture, and consisted of a grand 
square, and one of their new upright pianos. The Decker 
Bros.' instruments have become justly celebrated for their surpass- 
ing excellence. They are enriched with a singularly full, far-reaching 
body of tone of the purest quality, governed by an action so accu- 
rately balanced as to materially lessen the fatigue of playing, while 
at the same time it enforces with unequaled precision and fluency 
the performer's demand for variety of expression. The music pro- 
duced from these instruments is massive, bell-like in the bass, rich, 
warm and full in the tenor, and fresh, bright, clear, almost sparkling 
and mellow, though penetrating, throughout the treble. The Decker 
piano seems worthy of the sweeping indorsements that have been 
accorded it by the press, and is a noble instrument of the first class, 
with every necessary quality to sustain its claims. The exhibitors 
may feel justly proud of having made up their display from such 
praiseworthy material. A fine line of small imported musical instru- 
ments completed the exhibition of this firm. 

3. — W. W, Kimball, State and Adams streets, Chicago. Pianos, 
Melodians and Organs. The display made by this exhibitor attracted 
much attention, and won admiration from all sides. The exhibition 
comprised the world-renowned Hallet, Davis & Co.'s pianos, and 
the justly famed Smith's American Organs. Better instruments than 
either are difficult to name. Of the merits of the Hallet, Davis & 
Co.'s piano but little need be said in addition to the high praise 
already accorded it by such great musicians and composers as Franz 
Liszt, Franz Abt, Johann Strauss, and other bright lights of the 
musical world whose names are immortal and whose professional 



THE EXHIBITORS. 89 

opinions stand for the highest modern authority on music. The 
pianos exhibited consisted of five in all, one grand, three square, and 
one upright, and all of superior finish and workmanship. Seventy- 
five first premiums have been awarded the Hallet, Davis & Co.'s 
instruments, and over 20,000 are now in use, their success being won 
by solid merit. Of the famed American organ, a full line of the 
various styles completed the display of this exhibitor, conspicuous 
among them being a superb parlor instrument costing $2,000 to man- 
ufacture. The purity and sweetness of tone in all the Smith instru- 
me^nts exhibited was excellent, the quality of same closely resembling 
the pipe organ. 

4. — F. C. Lights & Co., 164 and 166 State Street, Chicago, 
Pianos and Organs. The pianos exhibited by this firm were of their 
own manufacture, and bore the name of " F. C. Lighte & Co." They 
were of splendid exterior and careful, interior finish. They combine 
with a rich and powerful tone, the utmost strength and power, and 
their tone and touch are very superior. The New England organs, 
exhibited by this firm, and for which they are general agents, are 
certainly deserving of much commendation for their evenness and 
sweetness of tone, purity of quality, and ready response to the touch. 
The display made by these exhibitors occupied. a prominent space 
in the musical department, and was tastily arranged. 

5. — Lyon & Healy, 162 State Street, Chicago. Pianos, Organs, 
and Musical Merchandise. Besides a large and varied display of 
organs and musical merchandise, this firm exhibited several grand, 
upright and square styles of Steinway cSc Sons' unapproachable 
pianos. It is unnecessary to refer at length to the world-wide repu- 
tation these instruments have attained. Since the year 1853 there 
has been manufactured the unprecedented number of 26,000 of the 
" Steinway " pianos, each one of which are reported to have given 
the most perfect satisfaction to the purchaser. The great superiority 
of these instruments over all others known is a generally conceded 
fact. The pianos of Steinway & Sons are endowed with the splendid 
sonority, and that seizing largeness and volume of tone hitherto un- 
known, which fills the greatest space. Brilliant in treble, singing in 
the middle, and formidable in the bass, this sonority acts with irresis- 
tible power on the organs of hearing. In regard to expression, 
delicate shading, variety of accentuation, the Steinway instruments 
have over those of their competitors an advantage which cannot be 
contested. The pianist feels under his hands an action pliant and 



90 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

easy, which permits him at will to be powerful or light, vehement 
and graceful. These pianos are at the same time the Instruments of 
the virtuoso, who wishes to astonish by the eclat of his execution, 
and of the artist who applies his talent to the music of thought and 
sentiment bequeathed by the illustrious masters ; in one word, they 
are at the same time the pianos for the concert room and the parlor, 
possessing an exceptional sonority. 

6. — Mason & Hamlin Organ Co., 8o and 82 Adams street, 
Chicago. Boston and New York. Cabinet Organs. These old and 
standard instruments require no description to illustrate their powers. 
By the uniform awards to them of highest premiums at Industrial 
Expositions, including a medal at the Paris Exposition, and the 
emphatic testimony of musicians generally, the manufacturers are 
justified in warranting their organs "the best instrument which it is 
practicable in the present state of the art to construct." 

7. — A. Reed & Sons, Temple of Music, Dearborn and VanBuren 
streets, Chicago. Pianos. The display made by this firm was deci- 
dedly worthy of note. Upon the space assigned them they erected 
a little Temple of Music, a pretty specimen of minor architecture in 
the gothic style, for the- exhibition of the renowned Chickering pia- 
nos. Two specimens of these pianos — the concert grand and cab- 
inet grand — are entitled to elaborate description, being claimed by 
the exhibitors to be the finest instruments ever made. 

The case of the concert grand was made of many different kinds 
of the finest woods, three or four of which are imported. The back- 
ground, artistically speaking, was of amboyne and rosewood. The 
former, light and variegated in color, making a most pleasing con- 
trast with the darker rosewood; while the panels and trimmings of 
French walnut — tulip and amaranth — exhibited a degree of light 
and shade highly pleasing to the most fastidious. There was an 
abundant supply of gold-leaf and solid rosewood carvings, in addi- 
tion to which were heavy gold bronze mouldings, running around 
both the top and base of the piano. Upon each side there was a fine 
bronze medallion, representing a band of cherubs. The top, or 
cover, of the instrument, has two bands of inlaid work, while the 
edge was trimmed with the much-admired amboyne. The name 
Chickering was engraved and inlaid with gold-leaf upon the name- 
board. The case was supported by three legs, most artistically 
designed and finely carved, while upon each was a bronze medallion 
of a lioii's head. The cost of this instrument to manufacture was 
$3,500. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 91 

The companion of the concert grand, the cabinet grand, was of 
an entirely different shape. It was, perhaps, more elegant in appear- 
ance, though not as grand; its form rendering it more susceptible of 
adornment. The same kinds of woods were used as in the other 
piano. Upon each end of the case was a five-fluted pilaster, sup- 
ported by the base of the piano, and inlaid with gold-leaf. The 
entire front of this instrument, which covered a space of twenty-five 
square feet, was fitted up in the most gorgeous style. Upon the front 
board was a beautiful bronze medallion, with six infant musicians. 
The leader could be observed with his little baton, while his band 
seemed to be entirely absorbed with their instruments. Upon each 
of the« two pedestals was a bronze bust, encircled with a carved 
wreath, inlaid with gold-leaf. The case was also trimmed with gold 
bronze mouldings and solid rosewood carvings. The price of this 
beautiful instrument being $2,500. Upon the excellent qualities of 
the " Chickering " no comments are required, as the whole world 
bears testimony to their excellence and durability. The entire exhi- 
bition made by Reed & Sons was extremely notable, and for which 
they are deserving of great credit. 

8. — St. Louis Piano Manufacturing Co., 307 and 309 Chou- 
teau avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Bell Treble Pianos. The two pianos 
exhibited (grand and square) are remarkably fine instruments. These 
pianos possess in an eminent degree all those superlative qualities, 
the presence of which have given the instruments of some few well- 
known makers a world-wide reputation. Their most noticeable 
features are, the peculiar purity and sweetness of tone, the clear, 
bell-like singing quality of its music, and particularly an exquisite 
evenness and softness of touch, so dearly prized by all pianists. This 
Company's pianos have been awarded thirty-two first premiums in 
six years, for superiority of tone and workmanship, by the most com- 
petent and impartial judges. 

9. — Story & Camp, 211 State street, Chicago. Pianos and Organs. 
This firm exhibited an elegant Arion grand piano, and a variety of 
the popular Estey cottage organs. While the Arion piano is not as 
renowned as some others claiming public favor, yet it fully chal- 
lenges Competition for style, workmanship, durability and harmoni- 
ous music-giving qualities, and the opportunity given to contrast the 
merits of these instruments with almost every favorably known grade 
of pianos, fully establishes the fact beyond question that no more 
has been claimed for the Arion than it is justly deserving of. The 



92 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Estey organ, also exhibited by this firm, is too well and favorably 
known in thousands of western homes to need especial comment, 
and the reputation which it has attained, has been deservedly won. 

The Estey organs are remarkable alike for the sweetness and power 
of their tone, while in point of clearness of sound they have no 
superior. But their great especial feature is their new patented 
improvement known as the Vox Humana Tremolo. This is a simple 
fan-like arrangement, which, when put in motion, imparts to the 
music a tremolo admitting of all gradations of swell and tone, hav- 
ing in fact dbnost the expression of the human voice, and closely imitat- 
ing it — being in short the best tremolo ever attached to a musical 
instrument. 

Twenty years ago, reed music met with comparatively little favor ; 
but under t">jie watchful care of Jacob Estey it has attained a won- 
derful state of perfection. 

The display made by these exhibitors was creditable alike to them- 
selves and those they represented. 



SECTION 7. 
Apparatus and Instruments of Medical art, Stirge?y, etc. 

I. — Bartlett, Butman & Parker, 60 State street, Chicago. 
Common Sense Trusses. The peculiar construction of this truss is 
of interest to all so afflicted as to require the use of such an article. 
This truss has been adopted by the Surgeon-General of the United 
States Army, and is supplied free of charge to any afflicted honor- 
ably discharged soldier of the U. S. Army upon application to the 
examining surgeon of his county, by whom it is procured without 
cost of any kind to the applicant. The construction of this truss is 
peculiar and admirably adapted for the purpose intended, and is, as 
it is properly termed, purely upon a " common sense" principle. 

The pad is attached to the neck of the instrument by a ball and 
socket joint, which is completely regulated by two set screws. This 
joint allows the pad to adjust itself easily and perfectly to any con- 
dition of the complaint, while the mode of attachment of the neck 
of the truss to the spring is very ingenious and perfect, and materi- 
ally adds to the effectiveness of the article. 

The trusses of this firm on exhibition, contained many late and 
valuable improvements made by them, and were highly finished. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 93 

2. — Bliss & ToRREY, 171 and 173 Randolph street, Chicago. Drug- 
gists' Sundries, Deformity Apparatus, Surgical Instruments, etc. To 
this firm was allotted a space oi five hundred square feet, and their 
immense display was so varied and attractive that everybody seemed 
to find something of interest at the exhibition offered by this firm. 
Their galvanic battery received a large share of attention, it being 
the largest and finest instrument of the kind ever manufactured in 
America, with power sufficient, if used, to produce almost instant death, 
The ladies were naturally attracted by the rich display of imported 
toilet goods, including ivory brushes and combs, tortoise shell 
combs, Bohemian glass bottles, exquisitely engraved, perfumeries 
and cosmetiques of all kinds, rare and expensive soaps, toilet sets of 
various patterns, together with a great variety of other goods in the 
same line. The druggist also found an attraction by the central 
pyramid devoted to chemical apparatus, painted show jars, and other 
requisites necessary to fitting out a complete store in the drug line, 
while the physician naturally gravitated to the show cases, where was 
displayed the surgical instruments, and found much to interest him 
in the various shapes of polished steel quietly reposing in their velvet 
cases, while the anatomical casts showing the heart, lungs, etc., also 
found especial favor in his eyes. An extensive assortment of defor- 
mity apparatus displayed could not be appreciated by any but pro- 
fessionals or those interested. This line of goods comprised those 
of the exhibitor's own manufacture, and consisted of instruments for 
every conceivable deformity, including artificial limbs in great variety. 
The elegant store of this firm, located as above, is a perfect museum 
of wonder, and is undoubtedly one of the most complete establish- 
ments of the kind in the United States, and the only one in the 
west. 

3. — Dr. B. Briard, 188 South Halsted street, Chicago. Medical 
Instruments and Apparatus, Medicines, ^Perfumery, and Toilet 
Goods. This display was rendered very\ttractive by its artistic ar- 
rangements, notwithstanding it was drugs, etc. A noticeable feature 
was a case of ancient and modern coins and paper money, and 
curiosities collected by the Doctor himself, and which were very valu- 
able for their antiquity. In the center of this display was an elegant 
aquarmm of elaborate manufacture. The exhibitor is an eminent 
French physician, for many years connected with the Academy of 
Medicine, at Paris, but at present is the President of the Chicago 
Medicial Institute, of which he was the founder. During the time 



94 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

he has occupied his present position the Doctor has introduced many 
famed remedies, which have sustained their reputation during the 
stern ordeal of public experiments. 

4. — J. E. Gardner, 119 Clark street, Chicago. Artificial Limbs. 
The single specimen exhibited seemed perfect, and one possessing 
superior points of excellence. The great merits of the limbs manu- 
factured by this exhibitor are fully demonstrated from the fact of their 
having been adopted by the United States government as the most 
perfect limb, and the one over all others entitled to national patron- 
age. The material used in the construction of these limbs combines 
strength with exceedingly light weight. The only article exhibited 
was a leg, the ankle joint of which was formed by a ball of polished 
glass playing in a socket of vulcanite, which admits of the motion 
being easy and natural. The muscles and tendons of the limb are 
formed of rubber and fine linen thread, and perform their respective 
duties with a life-like naturalness, and the joints are so constructed 
as to admit of all the easy motions peculiar to the genuine limb. 

5. — J. Henshal, 155 Calumet avenue, Chicago. Exhibited a 
medical electrical apparatus. 

6.' — Drs. Hiatt &' LeRoy, 125 Clark street, Chicago. Artificial 
Limbs and Orthopedic Apparatus. The particular points of excel- 
lence claimed for the artificial legs exhibited by this firm consist in 
the durability, life-like motion and simplicity of construction ; the 
points of weakness being guarded against particularly at the ankle 
joint and the heel-cord and spring. The knee joint, in amputation 
below the knee, is so made as to admit of tightening, as the use of it 
may require, and the rattlina;, so annoying to the wearer, avoided. 
In thigh amputation the knee joint is so constructed as to give it 
firmness and allow the wearer to put his entire weight upon the limb 
with the utmost confidence. The springs are so evenly balanced in 
the flexion and extension of the joints that the life-like motion will 
undoubtedly place the lameness of the wearer in many instances 
beyond detection. Being simple in construction, it can be readily 
taken apart by the wearer and cleaned, thus preventing all friction 
and squeaking. The frame work was made of red willow, selected 
for its tenacity, lightness, and firmness of grain, and covered with 
raw-hide, shrunk on in the closest manner, the outer surface being 
made flesh color by water-proof enamel. Special mention should be 
made of their artificial arms, being some of the finest specimens of 
mechanical skill to supplement the loss of so important a member 



THE EXHIBITORS. 95 

that can be made, — a triumph that needs to be seen to be appreciated 
by those suffering from such a loss — a perfect imitation of the natu- 
ral arm, and so made that the hand can be taken off at the wrist and 
a fork, knife, hook, or other instrument inserted for use. 

7. — Johnson & Lund, dd Adams street, Chicago. Exhibited a 
large case of Artificial Teeth and Dentist's Materials in great variety, 
the teeth presenting a very natural appearance for porcelain. This 
house manufacture all their own goods, and have received several 
medals of merit for excellence of workmanship, etc. This firm have 
also a large establishment located in Philadelphia. 

8. — H. D. JusTi, 259 West Madison street, Chicago. Dentistry, 
Dentist's Materials and Instruments. A very artistic and attractive 
display was made in this line by the above exhibitor. Particularly 
noticeable" was the artificial porcelain teeth shown, which were as 
close a resemblance to nature as it could be possible to attain. The 
manufactory of this exhibitor is located at Philadelphia, where he 
commenced the manufacture of these now celebrated teeth less than 
ten years ago, which at that time was unknown, and for which sale 
could not be had at any price for a small lot sent to Europe, but well 
knowing the superiority of his goods, the exhibitor, nothing daunted, 
kept them in the market and the result is, that the goods which 
ten years ago would not sell in Europe, are now in great demand, the 
last order recently filled for that country being over $90,000, and the 
sales in this country are proportionately large. This item is men- 
tioned for the double purpose of illustrating a case of considerable 
energy, at the same time to demonstrate the superiority of the goods 
exhibited. Completing this display, was a superb dentist's chair, 
of the O. C. White patent, which are manufactured exclusively by 
the exhibitor. The chair displayed was upholstered in magenta 
velvet with rosewood frame and nickel plated trimmings. This chair 
is a marvel of utility being capable of adjustment to any position 
desired by the operator, and is undoubtedly perfection pai" excellence 
of the many chairs now claiming favor among the Dental profession. 

9. — Otto Kalteich, 112 South Dearborn street, Chicago. Case 
containing Trusses, Supporters, Braces, and Orthopedic Instruments. 
To give a description of this display would be impossible as the 
variety was large and consisted of every conceivable appliance and 
apparatus for deformities of which this Exhibitor is the manufacturer 
and makes a specialty. 

10. — Dr. G. W. Lawrence, 200 West Madison street, Chicago. 



g6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

A Case of Dentistry, containing a large variety of artificial teeth, 
showing superior finish and workmanship, several sets of which 
were especially noticeable from their natural and life-like appearance. 
Two elegant and massive medals of gold and silver awarded this 
exhibitor at previous fairs for superiority of his work, occupied a 
prominent place in this display. 

II. — L. Manasse, 23 West Madison street, Chicago. All kinds 
of Optical and Mathematical Instruments. The display of this ex- 
hibitor was particularly fine, and consisted of opera, field, and 
marine glasses, telescopes, microscopes, barometers, magic lan- 
terns, reading glasses, sand glasses, stereoscopic views, philo- 
sophical instruments, etc, A specialty exhibited by this house was 
the genuine Brazilian pebble spectacles and eye glasses, in gold, sil- 
ver, steel, shell, and rubber frames. The superiority of these glasses 
consists at all times of being cooling and easy to the eye; this is due 
to the material of which they are made, which is a crystalized quartz 
or stone, the peculiarity of which is, that it cannot be defaced or 
scratched by long usage. The many merits of these goods are highly 
endorsed by those using them. Prominent in this display was a 
fine astronomical telescope, worth $500. 

12. — Marsh & Bowles, 103 Washington street, Chicago. Exhib- 
ited case of Trusses, Braces, Apparatus for Deformities, etc., which 
could only be appreciated by professionals, or those especially inter- 
ested for themselves or their afflicted friends. 

13. — Towner & Co., cor. Halsted and Madison streets, Chicago. 
While this display was by no means as extensive as the facilities of 
the firm would have allowed them to make, yet in point of attractive- 
ness it compared favorably with any in their line in the building. A 
single set of teeth (upper and under) was exhibited, covered by a 
glass shade, attached to which was an electrical motive power, caus- 
ing the teeth to move, representing the working of the human jaw, 
thereby showing the accuracy and precision with wh ich the teeth of 
this firm are supposed to work when in the human head. 

14. — Marshall H. Winebrener, 136 South Halsted street, Chi- 
cago. Artificial Teeth and Specialties in Dentistry. The display of 
this exhibitor was extremely attractive and highly commendable, as 
the work of the youngest member of the dental profession in Chica- 
go. Specimens of Conteur gold fillings, and a new invention of the 
exhibitor, consisting of an original style of gold plate, and the meth- 
od of attaching the teeth to it, were particularly noteworthy. The 



THE EXHIBITORS. 97 

principal specialty exhibited was the artificial teeth upon aluminium 
metal plates, which process was the discovery of the eminent Wohler 
of Germany, in 1828, and now manufactured exclusively by this ex- 
hibitor. This metal is the lightest known, and hence very desirable 
for the purpose used, and specimens exhibited at the Illinois State 
Fair in 1872 were awarded a silver medal for the excellence they 
possessed. 

15. — Sam'l S. White, 14 and 16 Madison street, Chicago. Por- 
celain Teeth, Dental Instruments and Furniture. A large and fine 
display, consisting of artificial teeth in great variety, and specimens 
of dental instruments of every kind and style known to the profes- 
sion. Several luxurious dental chairs of the Harris patent, formed 
a prominent part of this display. This house is beyond question the 
largest establishment in dental supplies in the United States, the 
manufactory and central depot being located at Philadelphia, branches 
of which are established in New York, Boston and Chicago ; the lat- 
ter branch being established in 1858 under the management of S. R. 
Bingham, who still remains at its head. This house has received 
fifty-one first premiums for goods displayed at various Exposi- 
tions including one from each of the great world's fairs, of London, 
Paris and New York, the crowning laurel to which is now added the 
grand diploma of honor recently awarded at the Vienna Exposition. 



SECTION 8. 

Apparatus and Instruments for Instruction and Scientific Investigation, Optical 

histrtiinents, etc. 

I. — W. H. Bullock, i South Clark street, Chicago. Microscopes, 
and Mathematical Instruments, comprising Quadrants, Sextants, 
, Compasses, and a large variety of instruments used for navigation 
and philosophical purposes. 

2. — J. G. Langguth, 82 State street, Chicago. Optical, Mathe- 
matical and Philosophical Instruments. The exhibition made by 
this exhibitor was large and varied, and consisted of a complete 
assortment of spectacles of all kinds and styles, barometers, ther- 
mometers ; cosmorama lenses of large size, being eight inches in 
diameter; a selected assortment of the finest opera glasses, tele- 
scopes, pocket lenses, microscopes and accessories ; microscopic 
7 



98 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

specimens ; transits, levels, compasses ; Swiss, French and German 
drawing instruments; chemical glassware, etc., the most promi- 
nent feature of the display being the electric light, exhibited upon 
several occasions during the Exposition with great success. 

3. — NiEKEL & Strassberger, 47 LaSallc street, Chicago. Sur- 
veying Instruments. Two elegant instruments for surveyor's use 
were shown by these exhibitors, which were manufactured by them, 
consisting of a transit and level, both finely finished, and showing a 
marked degree of superior workmanship attained by few firms in 
this line.- 

4. — Dr. John Phillips, 120 Fourth avenue, Chicago. Optical, 
Microscopic, and Mathematical Instruments. A very attractive display 
of the above named goods, consisting of spectacles, eye glasses, 
telescopes, barometers, opera glasses, etc. The optical goods shown 
were all of the exhibitor's own manufacture ; the human eye, of which 
a large model was displayed, being his specialty and the study of a 
life-time. Although the display of this exhibitor was attractive, yet 
two faded testimonials, contained in a glass case, seemed 10 be the 
center of attraction, one being ^from the lamented late President 
Lincoln, and the other from Governor Yates, both of which gentle- 
men's letters were highly flattering to the skill of the exhibitor as an 
occulist of deserving merit. 

5. — E. Payson Porter, 159 LaSalle street, Chicago. Sholes & 
Gledden's Type Writer. This is a truly novel little machine, by the use 
of which the operator is enabled to produce copy in the form of print 
with twice the rapidity of the penman, and with the most perfect ease. 
It is adapted for merchants, lawyers, editors, authors, etc. It requires 
no especial skill in its manipulation, and one may readily become able 
to write from sixty to eighty words per minute. The motion of the 
hand is free, easy, and unconstrained, so that the m.onotonous move- 
ment of the pen is avoided and the labor of writing performed with 
far less fatigue to the muscles of the hand and arm. This machine 
is in constant use at the National Telegraph College, of which the 
exhibitor is proprietor, and who is also agent for the sale of this 
valuable machine. The operation of this machine is simple. A set 
of keys similar to those of a piano, upon each of which is a letter of 
the alphabet. The operator presses upon a key, and by the mechan- 
ical construction of this machine a letter is printed upon the paper 
corresponding with the key touched. This little invention is destined 
to lessen the arduous labors of the copyist, and is hailed with favor 
by the telegraph operators and press of the country. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 99 

6. — M. PoLACHECK, 76 Madison street, Chicago. Telescopes, 
Microscopes, Mathematical, Magic, and Philosophical Instruments. 
The display made by this exhibitor was a valuable one, and highly 
attractive for its variety and the fine quality of goods shown. 
Especially noticeable was a full line of opera glasses of every style 
of case, from ordinary Japan to the valuable mother-of-pearl and 
gold mounted. Microscopes of every kind, ranging in value from 
one dollar to eight hundred. Telescopes from pocket size to the 
immense instrument for astronomical observations. Mathematical, 
surveyor's and engineer's instruments were exhibited in gre-at variety. 
The optical goods displayed were of the finest kind, and comprised 
all the most approved lenses known to the optician. The entire 
display was complete in its appointments in this line of goods, and 
arranged with much care. 



SECTION 9. 

Telegraphy — Electrical Apparatus and Instruments. 

I. — Geo. H. Bliss & Co., 41 Third avenue, Chicago. Telegraph 
Instruments, Supplies, and Electrical Apparatus. The system of 
telegraphy, like every other great human convenience, has received 
the attention of the master minds of the age. Among the various 
improvements made and apparatus in use in the telegraph, may be 
mentioned the following exhibited by the above firm, who are the 
introducers and manufacturers. The gas-lighting apparatus exhib- 
ited is a perfect invention, and nothing approaching it in complete- 
ness has yet been invented. By the use of this system of lighting 
street lamps by electricity, the entire streets of a great city can be 
illuminated to any required extent within ten minutes. The same 
system is also adapted to the lighting of great halls, places of amuse- 
ment, etc. It is a wonderful illustration of human genius. Another 
apparatus in this display was the hotel annunciator and fire alarm, 
which, in addition to a ready means of communication with each 
room in the house, operates automatically, in such a manner as to 
announce promptly at the office an unsafe degree of heat in any 
room in the house. There was also exhibited by this firm many 
other apparatuses of their manufacture, but an extended description, 
though interesting, would fill more space than can be devoted. The 



100 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

little telegraph instruments are akin to the press in power, and are 
certainly mightier than the swoid, as they are the means used to 
annihilate time and space, and were we deprived of their use, and 
of the telegraph, the entire business of the world would be paralyzed. 
These exhibitors are among the largest manufacturers of telegraph 
apparatus in the country, and their display was very large, and the 
instruments shown received the highest praise from those fully able 
to know of what they spoke, .being professionals and telegraph 
experts. 

2.— Electric Improvement Co., Galesburg, 111. A . Case of 
highly finished Telegraphic Instruments manufactured by this Com- 
pany, containing many valuable improvements of their origination. 
To professionals this case was the source of much admiration, and 
by whom the instruments therein contained were pronounced perfect 
gems. 

3. — Edwin Spear, 154 Madison street, Chicago. Holmes' Bur- 
glar Alarm Telegraph and Electric Hotel Annunciator. The first 
mentioned article calls for a description, from the many benefits aris- 
ing therefrom, and the merits it contains. One bell only is required 
for the entire house. The bell is located in the sleeping room, and 
is operated upon the same principle, and by the same power, exactly, 
that operates our telegraphs throughout the country. Every exposed 
door or window of the house is connected with this bell by telegraph 
wires and springs; but not a wire, or spring, or machinery of any 
kind, but the bell, can be seen in the house. The indicator shows 
which window or door the burglar has opened. It can be introduced 
into any house without defacing it in the least ; not a board is re- 
moved ; not a mark or scratch can be seen in consequence ; it occa- 
sions no inconvenience whatever. The whole arrangement is con- 
trolled in your room by a switch on the bell, which attaches the 
entire house at night, and detaches it in the daytime. It is particu- 
jarly valuable during a temporary absence of the family. 

As a means of communicating to a stable or other out-building 
it is superior to any and all other means used. The simple touch 
of a small spring, arranged in your sitting-room, or any or several 
parts of the house, rings the bell at the stable. The doors and 
windows of your stable can be connected with the same bell in your 
room. The alarm can be set for a part of the house, and not of the 
whole, if desired. Windows can be left open for ventilation, and the 
alarm given if they are moved from their respective places. If at 



THE EXHIBITORS. loi 

window or door is carelessly or purposely left open at night, the bell 
gives notice. The bell can be located in any part of the house, or 
in another building, without regard to the distance from the prem- 
ises protected. It is an ingenious little machine, and one for which 
the patentee is entitled to the thanks of the whole country. 

4. — The Western Electric Manufacturing Company, 220 
Kinzie street, Chicago. Electric and Telegraphic Instruments, Wire, 
Batteries, etc., etc. One of the most attractive displays in the build- 
ing was made by this Company, not only to professionals, but to the 
general public. The immense resources of this Company in the 
way of labor-saving and costly machinery was fully demonstrated in 
their exhibition of switch-boards, instruments, etc., of the finest 
workmanship and finish. An important fact is, that all the parts of 
the Western Electric Company's instruments are accurately dupli- 
cated by machinery without hand filing or finishing, the result being 
the same uniformity and accuracy which characterize their instru- 
ments throughout the country. An especially noteworthy feature of 
their display was a large switch-board, enclosed in a heavily carved 
and ornamental case of black walnut, which was manufactured by 
this Company for the United States naval observatory at Washing- 
ton. The front is protected from dust or interference by a sash con- 
taining a single sheet of plate glass, which is pushed upward, giving 
access to the plugs on the front of the board. Upon the top of the 
case were the letters U. S. N, O., neatly blended in a monogram. 
The cost of this switch-board to manufacture was twelve hundred 
dollars, and it would appear that Uncle Sam, for once^ received the 
full worth of his money. Another attractive feature of this Com- 
pany's display was the little instrument manufactured for the Gold 
and Stock Telegraph Company, called the "Gray printer." This 
wonderful little instrument, occupying hardly as much space as a 
small clock, prints its messages at the rate of thirty to forty words 
per minute, on a narrow strip of paper. The noise made by the 
wonder is less than that of a sewing machine, while its beauty of 
construction makes it highly ornamental. The letters are all 
engraved on the rim of a delicate wheel, about the size of a quarter 
silver dollar. Under this runs the paper, while over is a little felt ink 
roller, which inks the types, or letters, as the wheel revolves. Two 
rows of buttons in front, on the base, are marked with the letters and 
such pauses as are needed — -comma, period, etc. To write upon it 
you press down one button, which starts the letter wheel of your 



I02 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

own and of all other instruments connected with it, revolving rapidly. 
Now press down in siiccession the marked buttons, as slowly or as 
rapidly as you desire, and every instrument, wherever located, prints 
your message, and at whatever speed you write or print ; as the paper 
only moves a certain distance after each letter, the message is always 
perfectly spaced and printed. It is not necessary that you should be 
present, even, when a message is being sent to you. The paper is 
started, controlled and printed upon by y^ur correspondent at a dis- 
tance, and when you return to your office after an absence you find 
your message printed and awaiting your attention. There is no clock- 
work, weight, or spring ; the whole thing is moved by the invisible 
sprite — electricity, and that with a speed and accuracy that is marvel- 
ous. Thousands of these instruments are in use by manufacturers, 
connecting their factories and offices; by merchants, between stores 
and warehouses, and between offices and dwellings. The wires are 
stretched over the house-tops and on poles, running all distances, 
from two miles to forty. These instruments are manufactured by 
the V/estern Electric Manufacturing Company under the immediate 
supervision of Mr. Gray, the patentee, and are claimed by the manu- 
facturers to be the most simple, complete and best printers yet 
made, and cite the increasing demands for these instruments in 
proof of their claims. The general display made by this Company 
was an especially fine one, and for which they are entitled to great 
credit. 



DEPARTMENT "B." 
©iijects iiiseti in Bb)ellmgis anti for pergonal SHear. 

SECTION I. 

Furniture^ Picture and Lookmg - Glass Frames, Book- Cases, Ornamental Wood- 
Work, etc. 

I. — Ames & Frost, 255 South Halsted street, Chicago. Exhibit- 
ed samples of the U. S. Spring Bed Bottom, which they manufacture. 
This bed when ready for use shows no peculiar features, other than 
an easy spring bottom of ordinar)'" manufacture, but it can be rolled 
up in a small compact compass, or, as it is more properly termed, 
portable. This bed is highly spoken of by competent judges as pos- 
sessing many points of excellence. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 103 

2. — M. Anderson, 82 State street, Chicago. Show Cases. The 
cases exhibited by this house were models of fine workmanship, being 
composed of French plate glass and nickel plated frames, and were 
taken out of stock on hand, and not made for exhibition. 

3. — A. H. Andrews & Co., 166-170 State street, Chicago. Office, 
School, and Church Furniture. One of the largest exhibitions of 
this line of goods ever made, was displayed by this firm, who are the 
most extensive manufacturers of church and school furniture west of 
New York. The exhibition of their goods consisted of Andrews' 
patent gothic. "Triumph" school desks, six sizes, folding slat seat 
and back ; superintendent's, principal's and teacher's desks, in great 
variety ; fine office desks ; elaborate office and library chairs ; letter- 
press stands, etc. : Dill's excelsior marquetry flooring and chess 
tables, of inlaid choice woods; Camp's new outline school maps, Hol- 
brook's new globes and apparatus, zoological charts, blackboards, 
etc. One particularly noticeable article was a parlor round table, 
inlaid with 85,000 pieces of choice woods. The entire display was 
highly commendable, being in great variety and admirably arranged. 

4. — Daniel Barclay, 141 State street, Chicago. Show Cases. 
Some fine specimens of show cases were shown by this exhibitor, in 
both metal and wood frames. One large case, with nickel plated 
mountings, was a fine piece of workmanship. 

5. — Chas. Brachvogel, 261 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Pier and 
Mantel Glasses, Chromos, Engravings, etc., in Gold and Walnut 
Frames. One gold frame French plate pier glass of entirely new 
design was much admired. Several very beautiful Chromos, bouquet 
tables, etc., completed this neat display. 

6. — J. W. Bent, 207 and 209 East Monroe street, Chicago. Exhib- 
ited Osgood's Patent Improved Extension Table, a novel invention. 
These tables do away entirely with the trouble of the common ex- 
tension, in taking out and replacing the leaves ; also in extending 
and closing the slides, which often consume much time and strength. 
The leaves always-remain attached to the table, and when closed are 
folded neatly underneath, which does not injure their beauty or 
obstruct their use. So simple are they in construction that a small 
child could open and close them with perfect ease. This house also 
exhibited refrigerators and ice-boxes of their own manufacture. 
The merits of these goods are well-known, as it is claimed this house 
is the oldest manufacturer of refrigerators in the country. 

7. — L. C. Boyington, 753, 755 and 757 State street, Chicago, 



104 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Spring Beds and Cots. This display consisted of a variety of spring 
beds of the following patents ; Anderson's, Monroe's, Dougherty's 
Baxter's and Robbins, all well and popular known beds, but perhaps 
the most popular of those on exhibition was the old reliable Monroe 
spring bed, with which the celebrated Palmer House is furnished 
throughout, which fact should place this bed in the foremost rank of 
all patent spring beds of the present day. This exhibitor also 
showed some line specimens of patent spring cots ; also the canvass 
army cot, camp-stools, etc. All these goods were manufactured by 
the exhibitor. 

8. — Emanuel Brunswick & Co., 47 and 49 State street, Chicago. 
Billiard Tables. This well-known firm had on exhibition one of 
their celebrated billiard tables, elegantly inlaid with many kinds of 
fancy woods, which was a fair specimen of the usual first-class pro- 
ductions of these exhibitors, and reflected credit upon their skill 
and ability to compare with any house in the northwest. 

9. — The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Company, 62 Lake street, 
Chicago. Billiard Tables. An interesting feature of the Exposition 
was the display made by this. Company. The principal attraction of 
the exhibition was a magnificent billiard table manufactured by 
them. In this exquisite work of art no less than thiriy-two different 
woods were employed, the various shadings of which produced an 
ensemble of beauty rarely to be found in any exhibition of the wood- 
worker's art.' This table was furnished with the standard Phelan 
cSi Collender cushion, which is undoubtedly the best article of the 
kind ever made. Another very beautiful table was shown of the 
style so favorably known to the trade as the " Novelty." It was of 
rosewood and maple, perfect in all its proportions and of finished 
workmanship. This style of billiard table has become immensely 
popular, which fact is fully demonstrated by the unprecedented num-. 
ber manufactured and sold by the Company up to the present time,' 
.no less than Nine Hundred and Eighty of these tables having been 
disposed of since their first introduction here six months ago. The 
table on exhibition was furnished with the patent steel ribbon 
cushion, a specialty of this house, and for which they have the ex- 
clusive right in the west. This cushion is greatly admired by experts 
at the game, owing to its superior elasticity and durability. The 
exhibition made by this celebrated firm was one of which they may 
justly feel proud, it fully illustrating the workmanship of the com- 
pany, for which their goods have become so deservedly popular. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 105 

10. — James Croghan, 720 West Madison street, Chicago. Crog- 
ban's Patent (Combined Chair, Sofa, Bed and Table. Among the 
many novelties in the furniture line, this article may be considered 
certainly the most ingenious, as vvell as economical, that has yet been 
placed before the public for approval. This article merits a more 
extended description than can be here afforded it. Each combina- 
tion forms the article perfectly, making an ornamental table for dining 
or other purposes, an easy chair, a luxurious sofa, and most comfort- 
able bed. Certainly for economy this article cannot be excelled, and 
deserves public attention. 

II. — W. H. Clark, 294 State street, Chicago. Heath's Patent 
Reclining Chair and Invalid Bed. This chair appears to be a valu- 
able invention for the sick room. It is so arranged that any person 
can act as nurse, and with very slight effort can raise the patient from 
a horizontal to a sitting posture, can raise or lower the feet or change 
the patient to any position they desire, as the exigencies of the case 
may demand. 

12.— Chicago Iron Bedstead Manufacturing Co., Van Buren 
and Desplaines streets, Chicago. Iron Bedsteads of various styles 
and Children's Cribs. This Company manufacture many different 
kinds of their goods, and their patent dovetailed wrought iron bed- 
stead is pronounced superior to any other manufactured, and all their 
goods are warranted to give satisfaction. Their patent folding bed- 
stead is not only a useful but decidedly novel invention. 

13. — Chicago Curtain Fixture Co., 145 South Clinton street, 
Chicago, Magic Curtain Fixtures. In the us*e of a shade it is very 
often desirable to hav^ light and ventilation from the upper portion 
of the window while the lower part remains shaded. For this reason 
the shade should be let down from the top as readily as the sash. The 
magic fixtures operate the shade equally well in either direction by 
means of two endless cords, one rolling it down from the top, the 
other raising it from the bottom. Air, light, and sunshine are thus 
admitted, excluded, and regulated at any portion of the window, 
securing light and ventilation with privacy whenever desired. The 
invention is a useful one, and an article that has long been much 
needed. 

14. — Z. Cobb & Sons, 293 West Adams street, Chicago. Cobb's 
Patent Elliptic Steel Springs, Specimens of these springs were ex- 
hibited applied to several peices of upholstered furniture. These 
springs are manufactured from the finest quality of steel, flattened, 



io6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

and wire tempered, and resemble buggy springs in appearance. 
They have been adopted by the PuUman Palace Car Co., and also by 
many leading railroad companies, all of whom are unanim.ous in their 
endorsement of the superiority of these springs. They are adapted to 
furniture of all kinds where springs are required, and for car seats are 
without a rival. They seem to be preferable to any now in use, and 
the invention will doubtless be as profitable to the inventor as it is 
beneficial to the public. 

15. — George W. Grosscup, 702 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Combined Chair and Lounge. A patented article capable of being 
converted into either piece of furniture named. Its construction is 
simple, and in appearance very neat. 

16. — Thomas Clancey, 314 Twenty-second street, Chicago. A 
model of a full-rigged ship. Although of miniature size, the vessel was 
perfect in all parts, the maker having a thorough knowledge of the 
subject he was representing. 

17. — Decorative Wood Carpet Coinipany, Warren, 111., A. J. 
Griffin & Co., Agents, 163 LaSalle street, Chicago. Wood carpet 
and parquet floors. This material is manufactured from oak, walnut, 
cedar, and other contrasting colors of wood, and when laid upon the 
floor resembles the rich mosaic inlaid work so common in Germany, 
France, and Italy, and without which no house is complete there. 
The wood is cut into slabs of uniform width, one-quarter of an inch 
in thickness, which are firmly cemented to canvas. It is laid down 
in ornamental designs, to suit the taste or caprice, and becomes at 
once an elegant and indispensable carpeting. It is equally as elab- 
orate as the celebrated French floors, which the visitor to Paris so 
much admires. It has a beautiful surface finish, susceptible of high 
polish, and is easily kept clean and in perfert order. As a wain- 
scoting it will last as long as the house stands, and only decays 
with the edifice itself. The wainscoting shown was very elegant 
in design and produced a fine eff'ect. 

18. — Dixon & Co., 134 Lake street, Chicago. Assortment of 
Show-Cases in nickel plated and wood frames. One elegant show- 
case was a marvel of workmanship. It was some fifteen feet in 
length, nickel plated frame, and but one plate of glass covered the top, 
and but one the front and ends. This firm are among the foremost 
in the manufacture of these goods, and their work has the reputa- 
tion of being second to none made in Chicago. These exhibitors 



THE EXHIBITORS. 107 

also supplied some of their popular cases for many other exhibitors, 
which were displayed in all parts of the building. 

19. — Thomas Driver, 90 W. Harrison street, Chicago. Speci- 
mens of Sash, Blinds, and Doors, showing good workmanship. 

20. — Empire Parlor Bedstead Co., 383 West Madison street, 
Chicago. In a space neatly carpeted were exhibited a number of 
the parlor bedsteads, showing the various combinations they pos- 
sessed. This bedstead is an elegant piece of furniture, convertible at 
pleasure into a perfect bed, and occupies only one-fourth the space 
of a common bedstead, represents a book case, dressing case, ward- 
robe, sideboard, etagere, high desk, and high and low desk combined, 
as one may desire. This piece of furniture was justly pronounced 
the greatest of all inventions in the furniture line. 

21. — F. FiSHBECK & Co., 809 W. Lake street, Chicago. Patent 
Lounge. This article can be converted into a luxurious spring bed 
in a moment's time, and with very little trouble, It is simple and 
highly ornamental, and of the many articles of like character pre- 
sented for public favor, the lounge shown by this firm seemed supe- 
rior in many respects to all others. 

22. — J. Hyde Fisher, 50 State street, Chicago. The Fisher 
Refrigerator. An elegant large specimen of the celebrated " Fisher" 
was exhibited, the materials of construction being butternut, with 
black walnut trimmings. This refrigerator is self-ventilating, and 
notable for its preserving qualities. The one exhibited was filled 
with meats, fruits, etc., which were placed within its preserving con- 
fines upon the opening of the Exposition, and were not removed 
until its close, and were then as perfect as when they were placed 
there. A more convincing proof of the " Fisher's" superior quali- 
ties over all other refrigerators need not be desired. 

23. — W. E. Frost & Co., 144 i6th street, Chicago. Specimens 
of Doors, etc. This firm exhibited some excellent workmanship in 
the doors shown, which were made for the new Tremont House. 

24. — Goodwillie & GooDWiLLiE, 35 Ohio street, Chicago. Wal- 
nut Ovals, Pier and Square Frames, Gilt Linings and Mouldings. 
The goods of this firm were displayed encircled by the largest wal- 
nut oval ever turned in the west, and were in various sizes, to one of 
diminutive proportions. The display was especially fine and reflected 
just credit upon the exhibitors by whom they were manufactured. 

25. — A. L. Hale & Bro., 10 to 16 North Canal street, Chicago. 
Fine Furniture. In this display were shown marvelously wrought 



io8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

chamber suites, sideboards, chairs, sofas, etc., of the latest designs, 
of which particular mention should be made of a superb library 
suite, upholstered in black Turkish morocco, an elegant parlor suite 
upholstered in silk terry. Also a massive lodge chair, upholstered 
m fine blue velvet, all of which were manufactured by this firm (as is 
all of their fine work) and taken from their stock in warerooms for 
the Exhibition, and not made for the occasion. Chamber suites of 
elegant new designs, reception chairs, bouquet tables, elaborately 
carved and inlaid, completed this notable display. This firm are 
champions of good work and good taste, and their immense business 
is done purely upon the solid merits of their wares. . The exhibition 
made by them will not soon be forgotten by its many admirers, and 
reflected much credit upon this deservedly popular firm. 

26. — W. F. Huntington & Co., 272 State street, Chicago. Spring 
Beds and Cots. This bed is simple in construction, very durable, 
and guaranteed to be the best bed made for the money. One fact 
is certainly in favor of 'this bed, and that is some fifteen or twenty 
of Chicago's popular hotels are furnished with it, and all speak highly 
of its qualities. 

27. — Hart & Co., 177 Center avenue, Chicago. Clothes-Dryer and 
Clothes-Bars, containing useful improvements. 

28. — Edgar A. Hill, Sheboygan, Wis. Children's Carriages. A 
fine assortment of these articles were exhibited manufactured by the 
exhibitor. 

29. — Chas. F. Islander, 476 West Indiana street, Chicago. 
The display made by this exhibitor although consisting of but two 
articles — a Writing Desk ai-fd Parlor Table — deserve particular notice 
and praise. The desk was a perfect gem, and intended for a lady's 
use. It was composed of French walnut, finely carved, and black- 
lined to imitate ebony trimmings, the little drawers and apartments 
inside being composed of silver wood. The table part being covered 
by a fine quality of crimson cloth, presented a decided contrast 
to the delicate colored wood composing the interior. The cost of 
this elegant article was $400. The parlor table exhibited was a 
marvel of workmanship, the top being solid ebony inlaid with fancy 
woods and mother-of-pearl, and represented a basket of flowers 
of several hues, which was excellently well done, and would have 
readily passed for the work of the painter, so correct were the 
shadings, etc., portrayed. The pedestal of the table was elaborately 
carved, representing cupids, etc. The cost was $350. Mr, Islander 



THE EXHIBI TOR S. 109 

may well feel gratified with the results of his labor upon these arti- 
cles which are deserving of more than passing mention. 

30. — David W. Jenkinson, 293 State street. Chicago. Pier and 
Mantel Mirrors. Two elegant mirrors were exhibited of very large 
size, finely framed in heavy gold frames. Although this display was 
lacking in variety, yet of the quality this could not be said, being as 
magnificent specimens in this line as was shown by any exhibitor in 
the building. 

31. — Geo. Keller, hi Madison street, Chicago. This display 
consisted of wood mouldings of every description, and mirrors and 
picture frames in great variety. In the arrangement much good 
taste was evinced, and the exhibition was neat and attractive. 

32. — John Kraus, 219 Blue Island avenue, Chicago. A Black 
Walnut Chamber suite, consisting of bedstead, dressing case and two 
chairs. To describe this magnificent suite as it deserves w^ould 
occupy too much space, and then do but faint justice to it. To say 
it was elegant, elaborate, or most beautiful, would but faintly express 
its qualities. It was of black walnut, richly paneled with French 
walnut and superbly carved, and was a marvel of workmanship and 
one of which the exhibitor may justly feel proud, as it fully com- 
pared with any suite of furniture in the building. The carving on 
the four pieces was made to correspond. The top of the bureau 
was of the finest Tennessee marble, and the mirror heavy French 
plate. The cost of the suite to manufacture was $1,500. 

;^;^. — D. Kelley & Co., Muskegon, Mich. Exhibited a model of 
Kelley's Patent Weather-Proof Window Blind. This invention, not 
only being highly useful, is at the same time simple. The' slats of 
the blind are so constructed that when closed each slat fits over the 
other in such a manner as to effectually exclude the weather in 
winter and the dust in summer. This blind is undoubtedly destined 
to come in general use, and great credit is due the inventor for so 
useful and necessary an invention. 

34. — Joseph Keitz, State street, Chicago. This exhibitor made a 
commendable display of Picture and Mirror frames, Mantle and 
Pier glasses, in great variety. 

35. — Lausiedel, WiCKi & Co., 562 West Sixteenth street, Chicago. 
Ornamental Sideboard. This piece of furniture was a masterpiece 
of workmanship ; elaborately carved and inlaid, with Tennessee 
marble top. Suspended over the top was the motto: "Ever new is 
Fantasy." Perhaps no single piece of furniture in the building 



no EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

attracted as much attention. The cost to manufacture this elegant 
article was $2,000. 

36. — Michigan School Furniture Co., Northville, Mich. Geo. 
R. Salisbury, 343 West Madison street, Chicago, who represents the 
above Company at all points west of the Missouri river, exhibited 
school furniture of this Company's manufacture. Of the school desks 
exhibited, many points of excellence commend themselves in these 
desks as superior to any others exhibited. 

37. — John Monzel, 266 State street, Chicago. Fine Furniture. 
Particularly noticeable in this display was a parlor suite of seven 
pieces, which cost one thousand dollars to manufacture. It was up- 
holstered in green English silk damask (imported at twenty dollars 
per yard in gold), with puffing of yellow satin, and a heading of cord, 
no yards of which was used for this purpose. The frames were of 
black walnut, inlaid with French walnut, and finely enameled with 
black, gilt and green. This suite attracted much attention, not only 
for its beauty and richness, but for its plain and subdued style, there 
being nothing gaudy or common in its appearance. Another attrac- 
tive feature in this display was an elaborately carved sideboard of 
solid black walnut, with Tennessee marble top. This article was 
hand-made, and a fine piece of workmanship, much skill being shown 
in the carving of the center piece representing a shepherd attacked by 
a tiger and his dog coming to the rescue. This was done by Mr. 
Monzel himself, and shows him not only to be a dealer in fine work, 
but a workman of the same as well. Another piece of fine furniture 
in this display was a massive walnut hat rack, made by Mr. Monzel, 
which cost $850. The mirror in center of same was 32x78. The 
rack was of entirely new design, and finely carved. Several ladies' 
chairs, upholstered in fine quaUty of satin of delicate hues, completed 
the display, which was highly creditable to the exhibitor, and was but 
a fair representation of the goods manufactured at his establishment. 
38. — Mueller & Glceckler, 62^ Clybourn avenue, Chicago. A 
large display of Wall Pockets, Clocks, Shelves, Picture Frames, and 
Brackets. The goods exhibited by this firm were manufactured by 
them, and made of black walnut. Some of the wall pockets and 
brackets were particularly noticeable from their being elaborately 
carved, and was the largest exhibition of this line of goods made by 
any exhibitor in the building. 

39. — Dr. O. L. Mason, East Saginaw, Mich. Lamb's Parlor 
Settee. This settee or lounge is the invention of a blind man, and 



THE EXHIBITORS. Ill 

is easily changed into a spring bed, and when so changed it is the 
same height from the floor as when used as a settee. It has a drop 
head so that the whole length is used for a bed. This is a comfort- 
able spring bed when opened, and an elegant parlor settee when 
closed, and is a particularly desirable article of furniture suited to 
the double purpose of settee and bed, and is undoubtedly the best 
yet invented. 

40. — Frank Mayer & Co., 302-314 South Clinton street, Chicago. 
Bedsteads and Patent Cradle. This firm exhibited some fine speci- 
mens of walnut bedsteads and cradles, the latter being furnished with a 
patent appliance by which it was rocked, consisting of a treadle at- 
tached to the side of the cradle, which was hung in a frame, render- 
ing the task of "rocking the cradle" a less laborious one than 
formerly. 

41. — McDoNOUGH, Price & Co., 416 and 418 West Randolph 
street, Chicago. Lounges, Folding Sofas and Spring Beds. An 
attractive display was presented by this firm, composed of the above 
goods, noticeable among which was a parlor suite of seven pieces, 
upholstered in silk terry, the sofa of the suite being the celebrated 
patent folding article, which can, in a moment's time, be converted 
into a luxurious spring bed. 

42. — Northwestern Show Case Manufacturing Company, 
59 and 61 South Canal street, Chicago. Show Cases of various 
styles and material, apparently well and substantially made and finely 
finished. 

43. — James Nesbett & W. H. Jones, 154 East Madison street, 
Chicago. Patent Window Frame. This invention possesses many 
advantages, among which are, that the sash can be taken out without 
the removal of the stops or parting beads, and is so simple that a 
child can operate it. It is recommended by all architects and 
practical builders as supplying a want long felt. Can be applied to 
windows in houses already occupied without marring or defacing the 
wood-work, and with no inconvenience to the family. 

44. — National School Furniture Company, 113 and 115 State 
street, Chicago. School and Church Furniture, and School Requisites. 
This Company made a fine display of school desks, maps, charts, 
globes, church furniture, etc. A specialty of this Company's man- 
ufacture was Peard's patent folding desk and seat combined. This 
desk contains some ingenious and important improvements, promi- 
nent of which is a seat hinge, which allows a continuous curved seat 



IT2 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

and back, and a patent brace which precludes the possibility of the 
desk becoming at all shak)^ The desk has been adopted by the 
Boards of Education in many of the principal cities, and gives uni- 
versal satisfaction. All the goods exhibited by this Company appeared 
to have been manufactured with especial aim to comfort, durability 
and elegance. 

45. — Occidental Manufacturing Company, Gano street, Chi- 
cago. Perfection Baby Jumper. This article is an ingenious in- 
vention, highly indorsed by the medical fraternity, and consists of a 
light pyramid frame, and a light suspended circular seat. The frame 
stands strong and firm, about five feet high and three feet square at 
the base, but folds into smaller compass when desirable to move it. 
The seat is suspended fiom the top of the fraaie by a set of elastic 
and adjustable straps, so that the baby's toes just touch the floor in 
jumping. The seat itself is exceedingly ingenious, and must be seen 
in use to be fully appreciated. It supports a baby as comfortably 
and securely as when sitting in the mother's lap, at the same time 
that it allows full freedom to the movement of head and chest, and 
to the play of arms and legs, by which the baby amuses and satisfies 
itself. 

46. — Patent Paper Safety Seat Co., 56 Clark street, Chicago. 
This Company exhibited specimens of their Patent Safety Seat 
Paper, an admirable invention for water closets, which consists of a 
sheet of patent medicated paper covering the seat, insuring protec- 
tion against disease, eic. Tliis paper is disposed of in packages of 
convenient size, and to travelers will prove an invaluable invention. 

47. — C. S. Prindle, 166 and 170 State street, Chicago. Cabinet 
Billiard Tables. These tables are designed, for home amusement, 
and occupy but little space. The tops are in every way .like the 
ordinary billiard table, except in size and being portable. The 
cabinet table can be placed upon any stand or suitable support and 
'leveled to perfect accuracy, by means of patent adjusters, which is 
very easily and quickly accomplished. The idea entire is of the 
exhibitor's conception, and covered by recent patents. For a parlor 
billiard table nothing has ever been introduced so novel and com- 
plete, and furnishing all the enjoyment of a regular game of 
billiards. The invention is commendable, and destined to meet 
with great favor among admirers of the game of billiards who desire . 
the requisites of the same at their own fireside. 

48. — Payzant & Co., Room 2, 177 Madison street, Chicago. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 113 

George Payzant's Patent Automatic Table Leaf Supporter and 
Three - Leaf Sewing Machine Table. The table leaf supporter 
exhibited is a valuable invention and is adapted to sewing machine 
tables and all kinds of family tables with leaves, and for many other 
purposes to which it can be applied. The table leaf supporter is a 
unique contrivance, formed of iron braces, one attached to the leaf, 
so as to swing, and the other fixed to the table. By raising the leaf 
the swinging brace falls by its own weight into position and holds 
the leaf up firmly, with no danger of becoming misplaced. This 
supporter can be easily adjusted, either to a sewing machine or a 
large family dining table, two sizes being furnished, as well as one of 
different style, for sewing machines, where the supporter has to be 
attached to a drawer or case of drawers. The patent three - leaf 
sewing machine table is one of the many valuable patents of the 
day, and for the use which it is intended cannot be excelled. It can 
be folded down to occupy little space, and is held in place by the 
leaf supporters. It is a useful attachment to the ordinary sewing 
machine, well worth the price, and calculated to add materially to 
the value of sewing machines, being handy for cutting and fitting 
work, and keeping the material from dragging on the floor. It is 
formed with a main table and three leaves ; one leaf in the rear, one 
at^the left end, and one that fills the corner. This table has been 
introduced with great success, and an immense business done in a 
short time through its merits. 

49. — Refrigerating Company of Chicago, ioi South Water 
street, Chicago. A Model of a Refrigerator, patented by E. D. 
Brainard, of Albany, N. Y., from whom this Company have pur- 
chased the right of his improvements for refrigerating and dessicat- 
ing purposes, for the State of Illinois; and have organized to put 
them in successful operation in that State. These improvements 
consist in the use of inclined metallic surfaces as ceilings, combined 
with drip gutters to receive and carry away the water of condensa- 
tion as well as that of the melting ice. These ceilings are used over 
both the ice and refrigerating chambers, so as to produce a dry at- 
mosphere in each chamber. The operation is as follows : The ceil- 
ing over the refrigerating room is placed directly beneath the ice, 
and is thereby made cold as ice, or nearly so. The atmosphere in 
contact with this ceiling becoming cold, imparts its moisture to the 
under surface of the ceiling by way of condensation, and the air thus 
made cold and dry falls to the floor. The water adhering to the in- 



TI4 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

clined surface of the ceiling drips into the gutters underneath, and is 
at once carried from the chamber. This process is continued when- 
ever, from any cause, the- atmosphere in the cooling chamber be- 
comes heated or warmed, and ascends at once to the ceiling; there it 
parts with its heat and moisture, and descends into the chamber, 
cold and dry. The chamber thus becomes a preserving room in an 
eminent degree. These improvements were first introduced in 1868. 
Since that time they have been extensively adopted by brewers 
butchers, packers, fruiters, hotel keepers, etc., and also by families 
for domestic purposes. This Company have a large room, to which 
have been applied these improvements, at their office, which can be 
examined by parties interested in any branch of business requiring 
a low temperature and dry atmosphere. 

50. — ScHRAM Bros. & Co., 70 and 72 West Washington street, 
Chicago. Mouldings and Picture Frames. All kinds of walnut, 
rosewood, and gilt picture frames were shown, together with mould- 
ings in great variety. The display was rendered very attractive by 
its artistic arrangement. The exhibitors are manufacturers, and all 
goods shown were made by them. 

51. — W. Seng & "Co., 26 and 28 East Chicago avenue, Chicago. 
Seng's Patent Extension Bed Lounge and Adjustable Summer Rock- 
ing Chair. The latter article deserves special notice, from its decid- 
edly novel construction. This chair rocks on a framework which 
is immovable upon the floor. The bottom of the chair rests upon a 
bellows, from which is attached an air tube, the same running up the 
back of the chair and over the head of the occupant, who, when en- 
gaged in rocking, is gently fanned without exertion, as the rocking 
inflates the bellows and from which the air escapes through the tube 
and is used for the purpose already stated. To a close observer the 
chair only presents the appearance of an ordinary luxurious uphol- 
stered parlor rocker, all the novelties being entirely out of sight. 

52. — Steph. Lenyard & Co., 443 West Van Buren street, Chi- 
cago. Stair Posts of Hard-wood, composed of two colors and elab- 
orately carved. The display was made up of several sizes of posts, 
which were fine specimens of hard-wood work, and well made. 

53. — Sammons, Clark & Co., 197 and 199 South Clinton street, 

'Chicago. One of the largest displays of Wood Mouldings was made 

iby this firm, consisting of walnut and gilt mouldings, for picture 

iframes and cornices, also mouldings in the white or unfinished state. 

They also exhibited a full line of square, oval, arch-top, and rustic 



THE EXHIBITORS. 115 

picture frames, mirrors, chromos, engravings, etc., many of the latter 
goods being of their own importation. 

54. — Sherwood School Furniture Co., 103 - 109 South Canal 
street, Chicago. School and Church Furniture of the latest and 
^most approved styles. The variety of goods shown by this Company 
was not as large as they were capable of doing, as they are one of the 
oldest houses in this line in the northwest, having been established 
nearly a quarter of a century ago, and the reputation of their goods 
is universal. It is to be hoped that in future Expositions a display 
may be made by this Comjjany commensurate with their capabilities. 

55. — W. W. Strong Furniture Company, 266 Wabash avenue, 
Chicago. Fine Parlor, Library, and Chamber Furniture, Mirrors, 
Drapery, etc. The display of this Company was very attractive, 
and consisted of several suites of furuiture of entirely new designs 
(original with this firm) very elaborately constructed, and marvels 
of beauty and elegance. Conspicuous was a parlor set of seven 
pieces, upholstered in pale blue satin, gold mounted frames, manu- 
factured to order by this Company for the bridal chamber of a 
prominent Chicago hotel. A suite of chamber furniture, consisting 
of three pieces, also attracted much attention. It'was made of solid 
walnut, inlaid, and French walnut panels. The design was some- 
thing entirely new. The outside foot of the bed formed a sofa, 
upholstered in Bismarck satin, and from the head was a canopy 
finely draped in silk corresponding in shade. The suite was par 
excellence^ and cost to manufacture ^2,500. This Company have 
the reputation of dealing exclusively in fine furniture, and if their 
exhibition is a fair representation of their goods the prefix is justly 
deserved. 

56. — John F. Shultz, Chicago. Revolving Self- Waiting Dining 
Table. This invention is one that places tables in the front rank of 
perfected articles. It dispenses with attendants and the trouble of 
handling dishes. When used for dining, the central part is raised 
one-quarter of an inch by suitable apparatus, it will then easily 
revolve at the touch of one's finger., bringing any dish within easy 
reach. The outer rim is stationary, but can be removed in a 
moment, when after dining it is desirable the table should take up 
less space. 

57.— Schaff Brothers, 255 and 257 Clybourne avenue, Chicago. 
Cylinder Desks, These desks are of an entirely new and improved 
style, and manufactured of black walnut, elegantly trimmed with 



Ii6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

amboyne, ebony, and birds-eye maple. They are marvels of work- 
manship, and aside from their many points of superiority would 
commend themselves for their beauty alone. They are so con- 
structed that no dust can ever enter them, each joint being perfect. 
The nlechanism about them is simple, yet it is thorough. They are 
securely fastened by Schaff 's patent automatic lock, but one lock being 
required to secure each apartment in the desk. The display, 
although consisting of but two specimens^ was as attractive an 
exhibition as could be found in the building. This firm is entitled to 
great credit for the proficiency attained in the manufacture of their 
goods. 

58. — Stephani, Monheimer & Hart, 191 and 193 Randolph 
street, Chicago. Billiard Table, Cue Rack, etc. The table manu- 
factured and exhibited by this firm was of rosewood, elaborately 
inlaid with ten different colors of costly imported woods, and was orna- 
mented on four corners each with an eagle carved artistically of rose- 
wood, with the America coat of arms in gilt. The cue rack, also, was 
carved of rosewood, ornamented with gilt, and filled with a handsome 
assortment of French cues of the exhibitors' own importation. Both 
the carved and inlaid' work on the billiard table, as well as cue rack 
was admitted by competent judges to be the finest and most costly 
pieces of workmanship ever produced in this city. The actual cost 
of this display was one thousand dollars. 

59. — The Bradley Window Company, 817 Broadway, New 
York. Bradley's Patent Window. The mechanism of this article is 
simple, costing but little, and readily applied to any window, and al- 
lows the samic to open outwardly from the top, bottom, or at either 
sides, admitting the fresh air with no exposure to draught. It is 
specially adapted to cars, and is destined to add greatly to the com- 
fort of railway travelers in future by a thorough ventilation of the 
coaches, without the admission of dust, cinders, rain, snow, or other 
extraneous matter. This window is a valuable invention and meets 
requirements long felt by the community. 

60. — The Stein Patent Burial Casket Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
Ornamental Burial Caskets. This display consists of six caskets, 
which are so elegant and chaste in design and finish that it would be 
difficult to conceive how they could be improved on. One of them 
is covered with black silk velvet, and upholstered with white satin 
and Venetian lace. This casket is fitted with a cover which opens 
on hinges and is secured with a lock. Another is of the same form 



THE EXHIBITORS. n? 

but covered with purple velvet and having a full glass top. A third 
is covered with rich black cloth and finished in the highest 'style. 
The remaining ones are for children, but made in the same elegant 
manner. i\ll of the above are mounted with new, elegant and origi- 
nal designs in siJver. The wood of which these caskets are formed 
have been subjected to a chemical process which forbids their decay 
for ages, and it is claimed for them that they will never fall apart. 
This casket is undoubtedly the finest and best piece of funeral fur- 
niture ever conceived. 

6i. — M. Terhune, 46 State street, Chicago. Two Show Cases. 
These cases were of large size, the frames being of solid ebony, 
joined together with nickle plated metallic corners. These corners 
are an invention of the exhibitor, and manufactured solely by him. 
Besides making the cases indescribably beautiful, these corners also 
make them infinitely stronger than even the full metal case. The 
cases exhibited were of the " pentagonal " and " square front " styles, 
with French plate glass, and were finely finished and lined with vel- 
vet. To fully describe their elegance would be impossible. They 
were show-cases that could not be improved upon, and were perfect 
in all their appointments. 

62 — The Woven Wire Mattress Co., of Hartford, Conn., and 
286 State street, Chicago. Mattresses, Complete Beds and Hotel 
Cots of Woven Wire. Beds composed of this material are becoming 
very popular, and are used to a great extent. They are, undoubt- 
edly, a perfect bed in every particular, as they possess all the 
requisites of such, combining elasticity and softness with a perfect 
regard for hygienic cures, together with durability and simplicity of 
construction. By ingenious machinery, of this Company's own 
invention, wire, of the requisite size, is twisted into small coils, 
which are intricately interlocked, by a complicated process known 
as "double weaving," On an average, about eight thousand feet of 
wire are used in making each bed. The coils are almost half an 
inch in diameter, and in a bed of ordinary size some four hundred 
of these are used. So perfectly are these small coils interlocked 
that the pressure upon any one of them is difi"used over all of them, 
and thus their elasticity can never be injured, even by the most 
violent usage. To test this, one of these woven wire mattresses 
was subjected, for thirty days, to a weight of a thousand pounds, 
and, at the end of that time, when the weight was removed, the 
fabric came back to its place again, as level and perfect as if 



Il8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

the weight had been but a single pound instead of a thousand. This 
fabric of woven wire is stretched upon a strong frame, and, by an 
ingenious arrangement of screws, which are so simply combined that 
they can be operated by any one, the "tension " of the maUress can 
be brought to any required point, thus giving an easier or a harder 
bed, as desired, making the fabric more or less elastic and springy, 
by the use of this continuous fabric, the mattress being in one piece, 
as it were, and supported all around by the frame. The necessity for 
using slats is avoided, and a perfectly noiseless bed is secured. The 
fabric is also so made that it can be rolled up, like a piece of cloth, 
and shipped in small bulk to any part of the country; its attach- 
ment to the frame when necessary, and its disengagement, being a 
simple matter of a few moments. The Company have numerous 
testimonials from all parts of the country, from hospitals, hotels, 
steamboats, public institutions and private individuals, where their 
beds have been used, that they give universal satisfaction, and are 
claimed by the Company to be the best beds in use. 

d-^. — C. H. Whipple, 306 State street, Chicago. A revertible and 
folding mattress, which is capable of being changed in a moment's 
time from a hard to as soft a bed as hair. It can be used with or 
without springs, which makes this bed a general favorite, and 
adaptable to the tastes of everybody. 

64. — Wilson Adjustable Chair Co., No. 56 Clark street, Chi- 
cago. Three of their Patent Adjustable chairs, upholstered in 
striped terry and reps. This chair is capable of changing to six 
different positions, and forms a chair for the parlor, for the invalid, 
and for the sick, and is revertible to a lounge, a bed, and child's 
swinging crib. The frame-work of this wonderful chair is con- 
structed of iron, and is very strong and cannot get out of order, and 
is, withal, not only a highly useful but a very beautiful article of 
furniture, and combines beauty, strength, simplicity and comfort. 

65. — Whittlesey & Peters, 129 La Salle street, Chicago. Peters' 
Improved Woven Wire Mattresses, Cots and Beds. This firm made 
an excellent display of the above unrivaled and popular goods, and 
a commendable feature was that a representative of these exhibitors 
was at all times present during the entire Exposition, to answer 
questions and display the many merits which their goods possessed. 
The peculiar merits of a mattress of woven coils of wire are as 
follows : A greater conformity to the body is attained than by any 
other device ; an evenly elastic surface is secured, that does not lose 



THE EXHIBITORS. 1 19 

its shape by constant use. This elastic web requires only very light 
covering, which is easily handled and can be kept more thoroughly 
aired than the thick mattresses always necessary with other spring 
beds. To this important feature may be added the fact that no 
noise is made by moving upon it, either when new or after long use. 
This style of bed originated in Germany, and has been greatly 
improved by Mr. Peters since his arrival in this country, and espe- 
cially during his connection with Mr. Whittlesey. In this improved 
woven wire mattress the fabric is composed of doubly interwoven 
coils of superior bright spring wire, running the entire length of the 
bed. Each coil consists of two wires, interlocking with two other 
wires at every connection. This is stretched to the required tension 
upon a frame of seasoned hard maple, the corners of which are 
secured by plates of malleable iron, firmly bolted through the fram^e 
to the braces inside. Thus is secured a surface for the bedding of 
even elasticity and exceeding durability. To test the elasticity, 
over two thousand pounds were placed on one of these mattresses, of 
the usual tension, and left there several weeks. When it was 
removed the fabric resumed its perfect level, not being injured in 
the least by so severe a strain. These mattresses are made both 
in the ordinary and adjustable style. In the latter, the tension of 
the fabric can be changed at will, to softer or harder, as desired. 
This establishment also exhibited woven wire cots, with folding 
legs, and woven wire mattresses, with iron bedstead, complete (the 
head and foot of either wrought or cast iron). Very neat and 
durable articles for public or private institutions. 

dd. — Wilson, Peirce & Co., 182 Clark street, Chicago. .Adjust- 
able Weather Guards and Folding Chairs. The folding chair is a 
most perfect article, and capable of many combinations. It forms 
an easy chair, a child's crib and carriage, a lounge, a full length bed 
and an invalid's chair, thus combining y^z;^ distinct articles of furni- 
ture in one. It folds compactly and occupies but two feet square 
when folded, weighing only forty pounds. It is constructed with a 
light ^f ram e made of the best smooth wrought iron, neatly and 
securely Jriveted at every joint — the rivets forming the hinges on 
which the working parts move in making the various changes. Within 
this iron frame are fitted neat walnut frames, filled with cane, the one 
thoroughly bracing the other, forming a strong, light, and elastic 
frame, combining all the various articles of furniture described, and 
capable of being adjusted into every position required for ease, com- 



I20 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

fort and convenience. The adjustable weather guard exhibited by 
this firm and manufactured by them, was the Joseph Johnston's 
patent, and for which they have the exclusive right of the United 
States. This invention is something entirely new, and the old style 
of weather strips seem entirely superseded by the introduction of the 
adjustable weather guards which effectively exclude cold, dust, snow 
and rain, and stop the rattle of the sash. This valuable invention is 
applicable to windows and doors alike. The adjustable threshold 
is acknowledged by all to be the only invention yet produced that 
will positively exclude water, cold, dust, etc., from coming under the 
doors. The parts are made of hard wood, and are united by a strip 
of heavy, pure rubber. The rubber is let into the. wood pieces, and 
is securely fastened there, thus forming a rubber arch in the center. 
When the threshold is in its place, the rubber arch presses gently 
on the bottom of the door when closed, across the entire width, en- 
tirely excluding rain, etc. Its durability has been tested, and it will 
outwear any ordinary wooden threshold. It is impossible for it to 
get out of order, is easily swept over, and is, in short, the most dura- 
ble, simple and effectual weather protector that has yet been invented. 
These guards are also perfection for the complete stoppage of drafts 
or dust from all other parts of the door; and consist of a piece of 
rubber folded in the same manner as the last, but sewed nearer the 
bend, leaving two projecting strips of rubber. When applied to the 
door, it not only stops all openings, but it likewise stops the noise 
produced by the slamming of doors, as it forms a soft cushion for 
the door to close against. In the application of the guards to 
windows, the system is simple and thorough, and fulfills with great 
satisfaction all that is claimed for it. In examining windows it will 
be found that a long, narrow strip of wood fits into the frame, on 
either side and on the top, which separates the sash, and is out of 
sight on the lower sash, but visible on the upper sash. This is called 
■the Parting Stop. This invention consists in an improvement in 
the window frame^ which is effected by the manufacture of a stop with 
a groove, in which is inserted a strip of stout rubber, which projects 
from its surface at an angle. A part is made of black walnut, maple, 
or other hard wood, as ordered, while the balance is rubber. The 
stop exhibited was such as is used on the sides of the frame. When 
the old stop is removed, and this put in its place, the change effected 
is wonderful. All drafts are at once stopped. No dust can enter. 
The rubber presses firmly against the sash, but not so as to interfere 



THE EXHIBITORS, 12 1 

in the least with its free motion. It is not seen at all on the lower 
sash, thereby gaining an immense advantage over every weather strip 
yet invented. It is apart and parcel of the frame itself, and not an 
extra thing attached to it. It will last as long as the sash or frame 
lasts, seeing that rubber never loses its elasticity. It does not inter- 
fere with the putting in of window screens. The invention of the 
adjustable weather guard is a most valuable one, and entitled to much 
consideration from the public, who are ever desirous of adopting the 
best article in market, and from a careful examination of the adjust- 
able guard it must be frankly admitted that they are vastly superior 
over all others in use. 

67. — James D. Wilder, 273 West Randolph street, Chicago. 
The display of this exhibitor consisted of Liquid Slating, Inde- 
structible Black-Board, School Tablets, and other articles of school 
furnishing. 

68. — A. Zeller, 24 and 26 West Washington street, Chicago. 
Billiard Table. This exhibitor displayed one of his unrivaled tables 
which was a marvel of workmanship, being constructed of many 
kinds of fancy woods and elaborately inlaid. All the tables manu- 
factured by this house are made with the same first-class quality of 
marble or slate beds, cushions, cloth, etc. ; the extra charge on 
higher priced tables being made for ornamentation. The exhibitor 
has had over fifteen years' practical experience as an inventor, pat- 
entee and manufacturer, and all his goods are noted for their superior 
cushions, which, for elasticity, durability and correctness of angles, 
are claimed to have no equal. 



SECTION 2. 

Glassware, China, Porcelain, Lamps, Gas Fixtures, etc. 

I. — Burley & Tyrrell, 274, 276 and 278 Wabash avenue, Chi- 
-cago. China, Glassware, etc. The goods exhibited by this old estab- 
lished house were of the finest quality, and compared favorably with 
the reputation of the firm, which was formed some forty years ago. 
The display comprised bronzes, statuary, imported clocks, china and 
glassware; the most attractive feature being an elegant French china 
dinner set of 250 pieces, and valued at one thousand dollars. 

2, — Ira P, Bowen & Co., 262 and 264 Wabash avenue, Chicago. 



122 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Crockery, China, Glassware, etc. Another highly attractive display 
of goods in this line was made by the well known house of these 
exhibitors, and consisted of plain and fancy goods in china and glass 
and other wares, lamp goods, silver plate ware, kerosene chandeliers, 
decorated china sets of matchless beauty and in bewildering variety, 
varying from J55 to $500; white china sets of 150 pieces, specialties 
in table sets, cologne sets, vases, smoking sets, toilet bottles, jarden- 
iers, fancy lamps, etc. 

3. — Abram French & Co., loi and 103 Wabash avenue, Chicago. 
Fine China and Glassware. Artistically arranged upon walnut shelv- 
ing were samples of fine china ware, also specimens of crockery, 
glassware, Bohemian fancy goods, and Parian statuary. In an ele- 
gant show case was exhibited silver plated goods, fine cutlery, and 
table ware. A beautiful stand of bronzes completed the display of 
this well-known house. 

4. — Illinois Glass Company, Alton, 111. Glassware. This Com- 
pany made a display of the wares manufactured by them, consisting 
of all kinds of glassware in great variety. 

5. — A. N. Kellogg, 77 Jackson street, Chicago. Rotary Table 
Waiter. Its design is, chiefly, to promote the convenience of the 
guest, and to lessen the need of expensive, not to speak of clumsy 
and embarrassing personal service. It consists essentially of an 
upright standard, with two revolving tiers of six small metal plates 
(or platelets) each ; those of the lower tier being intended for the 
reception of tea-plates, with bread, butter, cakes, crackers, cold meat, 
and other minor dishes of the table, while the upper tier is fitted for 
table vessels, such as cream, syrup, and spoon cups, sugar bowl, and 
the usual articles of the castor. The tiers rotate independently, at 
a mere touch of the hand. The waiter is twenty-one inches in extreme 
diameter, and in height to the top, or rim of the bouquet-holder which 
surmounts it, is a little less than seventeen inches. The general ap- 
pearance of the waiter is that of a large, elaborate and handsome 
two-story caster. The whole structure and its metal furniture was 
plated with the very best double silver plate, in the most durable 
manner. 

6. — E. C. Lawrence & Co., 105 State street, Chicago. Fine 
China, Crockery, Glassware, etc. The specimens of goods shown 
by this house were of the finest kind, and consisted of real Sevres 
china, antique majolica, original wedgwood ware, engraved and cut 
glass, etc. Among the rich mantle ornaments displayed were two 



THE EXHIBITORS. 123 

mported vases of different patterns, superbly decorated, and valued 
at one hundred dollars each. 

7. — McClelland & Sage, 167 and 169 Randolph street, Chicago. 
Plate and Window Glass, Bottles, etc. The exhibition made by this 
firm comprised window glass and bottles in great variety. Among 
the specimens of glass shown were plate glass, English, French and 
American window glass, French mirror plates, German looking-glass 
plates, floor, sky-light, colored, cut, enameled, ground and embossed 
glass. In bottles, every kind was displayed, from the small ounce 
vial to that of ten gallons' capacity. The house of these exhibitors 
is the only exclusive yNvadiOv^ glass and bottle establishment in Chicago. 

8. — H. P. Merrill '& Co., 70 State street, Chicago. English 
Crockery and China, Table Ware, and Pittsburg Glassware. A fine 
display of the above wares was made by these exhibitors of their 
own importation from the celebrated manufactories of Ellsmore & 
Foster, Powell & Bishop, and Anthony Shaw, Staffordshire, England. 
These English houses manufacture some of the best goods imported 
to this country, and the samples exhibited fully sustained their pre- 
vious high reputation. The glassware shown was of good quality, 
and from well known Pittsburgh manufacturers. 

9. — Phillip Milligan, Chicago. Fancy Glass-Blowing, and all 
kinds of Fancy Articles made of Glass. A very interesting display 
was made by this exhibitor, showing the process of manufacturing 
fancy articles of glass. Prominent in this representation was a steam 
engine in motion, being constructed entirely of glass. 

10. — Scott & Ovington Brothers, 122 State street, Chicago. 
Crockery, China, Glassware, etc. Among the many beautiful 
representations in the above line made b-y various exhibitors, per- 
haps there was no display so large or elegant in the building as that 
of this firm. The great variety of goods shown and their costliness 
attracted much admiration. The arrangement of this display was 
faultless, and contained many imported gems of art, among which 
was a decorated dinner set consisting of 246 pieces, and valued at 
$500. Parian statuary of the latest designs, cut glass, and crystal 
wall prisms, etc. One exquisite painting, done in porcelain and 
representing " The Finding of Moses," was worthy of extended 
description, being executed in a masterly manner. The house of 
these exhibitors, having an established branch in Paris, is pos- 
sessed of unbounded facilities in the way of directly importing fine 
goods, and many of the articles on exhibition were of their impor- 



124 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

tation. Still another house may be counted in the boundless 
resources of these exhibitors, they having a large establishment in 
Brooklyn, N. Y, With these facts known, the surprise many mani- 
fested at the extent of the display made by this firm will not again 
be expressed. Too much credit cannot be given to this extensive 
firm for the elegant display made and the fine quality of goods 
composing it. 

II. — L. T. Starring, 226 West Lake street, Chicago. A Decorated 
China Tea Set, done by the exhibitor, who is the only artist in this 
line in the city of Chicago. The decorating was done in a superior 
manner, and would bear critical comparison with like imported 
goods. 

12. — WoLCOTT, Smith & Co., 47 and 49 Dearborn street, Chicago. 
Glass, Paints, Oils, Mirrors, etc. This old established and popular 
firm made a commendable display of their wares. A show-case of 
brushes in variety, and their celebrated paint in cans, was shown, 
while specimens of all kinds of glass dealt in by this house formed an 
attractive feature of the exhibition. A fine specimen of hammered 
glass, rough plate, of extra thickness, was shown, which was made by 
the Star Glass Company, at -New Albany, who are represented solely 
by the exhibitors. A large tube of sheet window glass, before 
flattening, which was made by the Phoenix Glass Company, attracted 
much attention. The large plate mirror exhibited, which was 
silvered by this firm, (W., S. & Co.,) would compare favorably with an 
imported article. The two windows of the building forming part of the 
back-ground of the space occupied by the exhibitors were put in by 
them, and were of one sheet each of fine plate glass, over which 
were hung lambrequins of .glass, made to represent lace. This was 
one of the finest displays in the glass line in the building, and one 
of which the exhibitors may be deservedly proud. 

13. — H. N. Wheeler & Co., 22 Lake street, Chicago. Lamps, 
Chandeliers, etc. This firm, which deals exclusively in lamps and 
glassware, made a profuse display of their line of goods ; particu- 
larly attractiv^e among which was a relic of the great fire, being an 
ordinary kerosene glass lamp blackened by the smoke but still intact. 
This article was the only one saved by the firm out of an immense 
stock of f 100,000. The " survivor" was carefully preserved beneath 
a glass shade, and will doubtless long be cherished by the exhibitors 
as a reminder of the fateful past. 

14. — White Manufacturing Co., 172 South Clark street, Chicago. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 125 

'.'he American Safety Lamp. This lamp was shown in a variety of 
iesigns, all of which were neat and well finished. It is perfectly 
imple in its construction, and non-explosive. There is a cooling 
:hamber encircling the wick tube, through which the cold air, to 
supply the combustion, must pass, keeping the lamp and wick-tube 
always cool. In this lamp there are no little tubes to clog up and 
prevent the lamp from working, and as the cup (air-chamber) catches 
all surplus oil from the wick, the lamp is always perfectly dry. It 
gives a clear, steady light, and as bright as gas. This Company also 
manufactures a street lamp, which was also exhibited, that will burn 
benzine or fluid, and will not blow out on a windy night. By a pat- 
ent telescope attachment, the light is protected, and all smoke is car- 
ried off through the top of the lantern. This lamp is highly endorsed 
for its non-explosive qualities, and any lamp that will not explode 
certainly must commend itself to the favor of the public. 



SECTION 3. 

House Furnishing Goods and Notions, including Willow Ware, Brooms, Brushes, 

etc., etc. 

I. — Hugh Bradshaw, 209 West Lake street, Chicago. A Wood 
Cistern. Although this article has but little about it to describe, yet 
mention of its superior make should not be omitted. 

2. — Clark & Hill, 100 Randolph street, Chicago. Brushes. 
This display consisted of brushes of all kinds and styles, of the 
exhibitors' own manufacture. The arrangement of their goods was 
fine, and attracted much attention from all, whether specially inter- 
ested in brushes or not. The wares of this house have an estab- 
lished reputation. An ingenious article in the brush line was the 
patent shoe brush and scraper, also exhibited by this firm, who are 
the manufacturers. This is a very simple and convenient device, 
consisting of a knife or scraper inserted in the handle, and a very 
useful addition to the shoe brush, as it is frequently necessary to use 
a knife or similar article to loosen the dirt in cleaning the boot or 
shoe before polishing. The utility of this improvement is readily 
perceived by any person requiring the use af a shoe brush. 

3. — Merwin Church, 301 and 303 State street, Chicago. Stoves, 
Ranges, and Housekeeping Goods. A large display was made by 



126 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

this exhibitor of stoves and housekeeping outfits. In heating stoves, 
were shown several sizes of the " Shining Light," manufactured by the 
Chicago Stove Works. It is self-feeding and base-burning, and said 
to be a superior article in every way. A new style of parlor stove 
was also exhibited, called the "Triumph," which is very complete in 
all its appointments. In cook stoves, was displayed the celebrated 
" Sample Cook," manufactured by the Barstow Stove Co. This stove 
is well known to be one that possesses many excellent qualities, and 
is all that is claimed for it, /. e. a first class stove, and one which car- 
ried off the medal of merit at Vienna. The "Union Range" and 
" Pattern Cook " also occupied a place in the assortment. A laun- 
dry stove for heating sad irons was also shown, and appeared to be 
an article of decided merit. In housekeeping goods displayed, it 
would be impossible to describe all that was shown, while to enume- 
rate the articles which were not included in the great variety of 
housekeeping goods constituting this part of the exhibition, would 
be an easy task, for nothing seemed wanting to furnish a complete 
housekeeping outfit. The establishment of this exhibitor is styled 
the "Housekeeper's Resort," and it seems properly termed, from the 
immense variety of goods jn this line exhibited. 

4. — Gerts, Lumbard & Co., 167 Madison street, Chicago. Brushes. 
This firm exhibited a full assortment of brushes of every kind, in great 
variety of styles. Being established in 1850, it will be seen that this 
house has an experience in the business of twenty- three years, and, 
as "practice makes perfect," their goods displayed were undoubtedly 
as good as can be made, and they looked fully equal to all that might 
be expected of them. 

5. — Green & Spear, 257 West Madison street, Chicago. Bedding 
and Feathers, Spring Beds, etc., also Crosby's Patent Parlor Sofa and 
Bed, which is instantly transformable, and adapted to the parlor, 
drawing-room, dining-room, or office, and forms an ornamental and 
highly finished sofa or a luxurious bed, at pleasure. A very service- 
able article of bedding, exhibited by this firm, was Lane's patent 
curled wool mattress, a substitute for hair and equally as good, at 
much less cost. 

6. — J. H. Harper, El Paso, 111. Exhibited a Patent Fly Trap, 
very ingenious in construction. 

7. — L. H. Marvin, Beaver Dam, Wis. A large variety of Splint 
Baskets. 

8. — George J. Schmidt & Co., 246 State street, Chicago. Chil- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 127 

dren's Carriages and Willow Ware. This house, which deals exclu- 
sively in the goods constituting their display, were enabled to make 
an extensive exhibition, and in great variety. 

9. — Udell Ladder and Wooden Ware Company, 663 and 665 
State street, Chicago. Patent Ladders. Among the many styles of 
ladders made by this Company, particular mention may be made of 
the patent extension ladder which was on exhibition. It was a 
model of simplicity, convenience and strength. Pulleys, ropes, and 
other delicate devices are dispensed with altogether by the use of 
self-operating hooks of malleable iron on the bottom of the upper 
section, and a wrought iron bar across the top of the lower. As the 
bottom section may be first raised, then the second, and after that 
the third (if made with three sections), one man of ordinary strength 
is able to elevate a fifty-foot ladder. It has a special claim upon the 
climbing public for its safety, as of the thousands in use (many of 
them for years,) not the first accident resulting from their use has 
been reported to the inventor. It is made of clear Norway pine from 
the western coast of Michigan, and with hickory rungs. Every lad- 
der is severely tested before it leaves the factory. No defective tim- 
ber is ever used, and the ladders are so painted that no cross-grain 
or defect of any nature can be concealed. Its qualities recommend 
it particularly to the use of painters, lightning-rod men and tinners. 
The principal manufactory of this Company is located at Indianapo- 
lis, Ind., while branches are located in nearly all the principal cities. 

10. — P.P.Valentine & Co., 133 South Clark street, C'hicago. 
Judd's Metal Moulding, Rubber Weather Strips, for doors, windows, 
street and railroad cars. A very ingenious little appliance, which is 
composed of zinc and rubber, so firmly united by folding, without 
the use of glue, nails, or cement, that the rubber cannot pull out. It 
is double acting, that is, the rubber touches on two sides, and is a 
finished moulding without additional ornament. The peculiar con- 
struction and shape of these strips render them thoroughly efficient 
and easily applied to all purposes for which an elastic strip is required, 
while they are neat, light, and durable. These strips can be applied 
anywhere, for any purpose, and are said to be unequaled for arches, 
circles, or acute angles, and will keep out cold, wind, rain, snow, or 
dust. They have been adopted by the Pullman Palace Car Co., by 
whom they are highly endorsed. 

II. — Way's Lever Wringer Co., 250 State street, Chicago. 
Clothes Wringers. This wringer is very simple, substantial, and pos- 



128 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

sesses many perceptible points of excellence, among which is purity 
and superiority of rolls, solid white rubber, fastened firmly to the 
shaft. No set screws, no cogs, nor springs to get out of order. Pres- 
sure applied by 1he foot by means of a lever. This is the only 
wringer made on this principle, and the only one wherein the rolls 
cannot be damaged by the pressure. Rollers adjust themselves when 
the goods are of an uneven thickness, which cannot be obtained from 
set screws or springs. Rolls cannot be strained off the shaft, nor 
placed out of repair by fair usage. Great strength, durability, and 
simplicity characterize the entire machine. The wringer is support- 
ed on a neat laundry bench, independently of the tub ; is not fastened 
to the tub, but the tub rests on the bench ; thus combining in the one 
machine a good wash bench and a superior wringer. 

12. — Woods, Sherwood & Co., J.owell, Mass. Wire Household 
Goods and Toilet Articles. A fine display was made by this well- 
known eastern establishment, of their popular wares. In an elegant 
show case were exhibited household and toilet articles in great variety, 
manufactured by the exhibitors, of wire. These goods are highly 
ornamental, the wire being nickel plated and more durable than the 
ordinary white metal goods, which the wire articles displayed are 
designed to entirely supercede at no late day. 

The exhibition was very attractive, and the goods of superior 
workmanship and elaborate design. 

13. — J. F. & J. E. White, 103 South Water street, Chicago. Wooden 
and Willow Ware, and House-Furnishing Utensils. This firm made 
a fine display of the above wares ; in addition to which, particularly 
noticeable were some really elegant children's carriages, and a large 
show case of useful fancy baskets, directly imported by this firm. 
Among the specialties of this house on exhibition was the celebrated 
Blanchard churn, of which volumes have already been written in 
commendation. It is endorsed by every one whoever used it, and 
is undoubtedly just what is claimed for it, viz. : the best churn made. 
It is simple, durable, easy of management, and cleanly. It churns, 
gathers, works and salts the butter by means of the dasher, without 
removing the butter from the churn. The Messrs. White have the 
exclusive right of manufacture and sale for the "Blanchard." This 
firm also exhibited the Novelty wringer. Of the merits of this arti- 
cle much has been said, and it seems to have all the good points 
requisite to a practical machine. This display, taken altogether, con- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 129 

tained many useful articles, all of which seemed to possess more 
or less merit. 



SECTION 4. 

Clocks, Watches, Chronometers, Cutlery, Plastic Work, Ornaments, etc. 

I. — American Watch Company, Waltham, Mass.; Robbins & 
Appleton, agents, 5 Tribune building, Chicago. Watches. The hand- 
some show-cases of the American Watch Company, with their contents 
of beautifully polished gold and silver watches, received their full 
share of attention and admiration from the vast throngs of sight- 
seers in the Exposition. This Company exhibited samples of thirty 
different watches, in gold and silver cases, varying in value from $20 
to $300, and including both key and stem winding, ladies' and gents' 
watches, of all kinds and styles of finish. The watch-making indus- 
try, as developed by this Company at their extensive establishment at 
Waltham, is something enormous among the great manufacturing 
interests of the world. Commencing twenty years ago, in what was 
regarded almost universally as the expe7'iment of making watches by 
machinery, the Company has gone on and flourished, until a vast 
establishment, filled with, machinery superintended by one thousand 
hands, and producing, some ninety thousand complete watches a 
year — more than the product of England, and three times that of 
any similar establishment in the world — is the proud result of their 
labors. This is the only establishment in the country where the 
complete watch is produced, case and all; and the American Com- 
pany's watches are not surpassed as reliable ti77ie keepers by any man- 
ufactured — the Company having expended much time and study in 
perfecting and rendering accurate every detail of the works. In fact," 
this watch is as n^ds pei-fection as the idealist could well desire ; and 
its immense popularity may be shown by the fact that during one 
year 75,000 of them have been sold. This fact alone is sufficient to 
establish the supremacy of the Waltham watch, as it shows conclu- 
sively that the verdict of popular approval has been given in its favor. 

2. — Aurora Silver Plate Manufacturing Company, 272 and 
274 State street, Chicago; N. S. Otis, Agent. Eine Silver Plated 
Ware. This Company had an exceedingly fine display of their goods, 
which were contained in several attractive show cases, and consisted 
of silver plate tea sets, knives and forks, spoons, ice dishes and 
9 



130 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

pitchers. Especially noticeable was an Arctic ice set. The wares 
of this Company are equal to any made in the country, and have 
earned for themselves an enviable and justly deserved reputation for 
their many superior qualities. The manufactory of the Company is 
located in the town of Aurora, a short distance from Chicago, and is 
the largest establishment of the kind west of New York city. They 
make a specialty of hotel outfits, and many of the goods contained 
in the cases on exhibition were designed for such use. The display 
was in every way highly commendable to the Company, and for which 
they and their representative are entitled to much credit. 

3. — American Clock Company, 172 State street, Chicago. Clocks 
and Cutlery. Upon a wide and high frame were exhibited a hundred 
different specimens, styles and sizes of clocks, including those of 
various manufactures, which was an interesting and highly attractive 
exhibition. In cutlery, this Company made a very excellent display 
of fine goods in great variety. The able manner in which this Com- 
pany was represented reflects credit upon them, and likewise upon 
W. F. Tompkins, the manager, under whose supervision the exhi- 
bition was made. 

4. — E. D. Barton, 220 East Kinzie street, Chicago, Clocks. 
Various kinds of office' and other clocks were exhibited by this house, 
which made a creditable display of their wares. 

5. — Freeman Campbell, 76 Madison street, Chicago. Hair 
Goods. A large glass case, containing many specimens of human 
hair goods was shown by this exhibitor, comprising switches, wigs, 
toupees, curls, frizzettes, chignons, combs and hair ornaments. 
Among the beautiful specimens of hair switches shown was one of 
blonde color, seventy-two inches in length. A life-size wax figure, 
richly appareled, the elegant hair of which was dressed after the 
most approved style, formed a prominent feature of the display, which 
was commendable and arranged with care. 

6. — EsTELL & Jenkins, hi Madison street, Chicago. Aiken, 
Lambert & Co's Celebrated Gold Pens, and Estell's Programme 
Clock. This firm who are extensive wholesale jewelers, only exhib- 
ited the above articles, which are specialties of their house. The pens 
from the celebrated makers whose name they bear, are of a superior 
quality, and said to be among the best manufactured in the country, 
while the clock is one of many merits and designed for schools. 

7. — M. Glassbrook, ZZ State street, and Branch store 203 West 
Madison street, Chicago. Human Hair Goods. A very attractive 



THE EXHIBITORS. 131 

display was made by this artist in hair and whose establishments in 
this line of goods are excelled by no house west of New York for 
completeness of stock. In an elegant case was displayed many very 
fine switches, braids, curls, etc., which run through all the gamut of 
colors. A very noticeable feature of the display was a revolving 
wax figure of life-size, wearing a mantle made of hair of every color 
and shade, which was a most artistic piece of work, and for which 
the artist is deserving of great credit. The exhibition made by this 
house was one of the most attractive features of the Exposition, and 
evinced excellent taste in its arrangement. 

8. — Giles Brothers, 266 and 268 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Dia- 
monds, Jewelry, Clocks, Watches, etc. The show cases of this firm 
were handsome in the extreme, and contained elegant and rare speci- 
mens of their own manufacture and importation. To describe this 
display and do justice to its beauty would be impossible, as all their 
goods were of the finest kind and most elaborate in detail. The 
most prominent feature of their superb exhibition was an elegant 
emblematical design in silver, and called " Hiawatha : a poem in 
silver." 

** In his birch canoe exulting, 
All alone went Hiawatha, 
Through the clear transparent water 
He could, see the fishes swimming 
Far down in the depths below him. 
At the steru sat Hiawatha, 
With his fishing-line of cedar. 
On the bow, with tail erected, 
Sat the squirrel, Adjidaumo. 
Paddles none had Hiawatha, • 

Paddles none had he, nor needed. 
For his thoughts as paddles served him, 
And his wishes served to guide him. 
Swift or slow at will he glided^ 
Veered to right or left at pleasure y 

The last two lines of the above extract from Longfellow's beau- 
tiful poem of " Hiawatha," are inscribed in raised letters on the base 
of this wonderful and beautiful work of art. The exquisitely elab- 
orate and chaste device represents a silvered lake about four feet in 
length, on which floats a silver canoe three feet in length and six 
inches high. "At the stern sat Hiawatha " with bow and arrow in 
one hand and fishing-line in the other, while the squirrel, "Adji- 



132 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

daumo," is perched upon the bow. Upon the bank of this miniature 
lake are seen weeds, grasses, frogs and turtles ; and in the water 
grows the " yellow water-lily." The conception is a fine one, and is 
most beautifully and successfully worked out. The entire piece is 
of solid silver, .artistically formed and carved, and is valued at 
$5,000. Also a sterling silver dinner set, valued at $500, while 
deserving of special mention was a case containing some fifty sets 
of exquisite coral necklaces, bracelets, and ear-rings, from the 
celebrated ■ establishment of Squadrilli, in Naples, bought per- 
sonally by Mr. Giles, while recently in Europe. In diamonds, other 
precious stones, and imported bronzes, the collection was un- 
surpassed in the country. Many other heavy and costly ornaments 
in gold and silver, manufactured by the firm, were also exhibited, 
and made the exhibition of this firm one that was unrivaled in the 
Exposition. The justly celebrated Elgin and United States watches 
were also shown by this house, who have the agency for their sale as 
manufacturers' agents. The entire cost of this display, as obtained 
direct from the firm, exceeded $50,000. 

9. — Graef & Fields, 29 West Randolph street, -Chicago. Speci- 
mens of Silver Plated Ware. A fine display of this firm's workman- 
ship was displayed, the articles being exhibited in an attractive glass 
show case, and comprising a variety of saddlery and carriage hard- 
ware, excellently plated in gold, silver and nickle. The repre- 
sentation made marks the firm ^s masters of their trade. 

10. — Henrv J. HiTTORF, 6 Clark street, Chicago. A Clock. This 
was not an ordinary time piece, but one of peculiar construction, 
being patented by the exhibitor, and was termed a centrifugal regu- 
lating clock, but its superiority over the regular denoter of time, was 
not observable. 

II. — N. Matson & Co., State and Monroe streets, Chicago. 
Watches, Jewelry, Silverware, etc. This firm displayed excellent 
taste in the arrangement of their goods. They did not endeavor to 
crowd their space, which could readily have been filled to repletion 
without effort, so great is the resources of this house, but they ex- 
hibited only real gems in their line, and everything was arranged to 
please the eye. The sterling silverware shown was as sterling as the 
reputation of the firm, and consisted of several exquisitely wrought 
table pieces, very unique and tasty in design, and costing from $750 
to $4,000 each. Jewelry was shown in great variety, prominent 
among which may be named an onyx, pearl and diamond set, valued 



THE EXHIBITORS. 133 

at $2,500. A large assortment of minor articles, such as knives, forks, 
spoons, etc., made up the collection of this leading jewelry firm of 
the northwest. The business establishment of the exhibitors is un- 
doubtedly the most complete and magnificently fitted store in the 
country in their line of business. 

12. — B. F. NoRRis & Co., 14T State street, Chicago. Clocks, Jew- 
elry, Silverware, Bronzes, etc. These exhibitors, who are importers, 
wholesale dealers, and manufacturers, made a most attractive display 
of their wares, consisting of imported clocks, elaborate specimens of 
silverware, bronzes and Parian statuary, jewelry in great variety, etc. 
In novelties, they exhibited several curiosities and w^onders of me- 
chanical invention, larks and blue-birds with curious attachments, 
which enabled them to open their bills and warble and sing with 
clear voices the natural notes of the wilderness. This firm are spe- 
cial U. S. agents for the celebrated Elgin watches, specimens of 
which were also shown, A large case of watchmaker's fine tools was 
displayed, among which was Norris's patent blow-pipe, an article 
highly valued for its excellence, by manufacturers, and which is now 
being extensively used. The display was, in all respects, creditable 
and arranged with care. 

13. — RoDDiN & Hamilton, 99 State street, Chicago. Watches, 
Diamonds, Jewelry, etc. In the many displays in this line the fact 
was apparent that in jewelry houses Chicago is certainly to be com- 
plimented upon having those which are second to none in the coun- 
try. So much elegance is seldom brought together for exhibition 
as was shown by the leading jewelry firms at the Exposition, prom- 
inent among which was the house of these exhibitors, whose dis- 
play was a marvel of beauty. Solid silverware in rich profusion, 
jewelry of exquisite designs, diamonds that were gems, Waltham 
watches, which are unrivaled for their accuracy, and many imported 
fancy articles of elaborate workmanship, in gold and silver, com- 
prised the particularly fine exhibition which places the exhibitors in 
the foremost rank of their business for excellence and beauty. 

14. — Henry Sears & Co., 62 State street, Chicago, Fine Cutlery 
and Fire-arms, This was one of the richest displays in the Exposition, 
and one in every way commendable to this old established house. 
Pocket cutlery of all kinds, razors, polished scissors, shears, etc., 
were shown in great variety. The specialty of this house is fine 
pocket cutlery, manufactured by them at Waterbury, Conn., under 
the style of the H, Sears Manufacturing Co. The steel used in this 



134 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

line of goods is exclusively Wardlow's, which is made expressly for 
the Company. The goods of this firm have become so justly cele- 
brated for their excellence that any article bearing the imprmt of 
" H. Sears Manufg. Co.", or " H. Sears & Son," is at once purchased 
without question, as it is a v/ell known fact that the firm fully 
warrant all such goods, their superiority having been demonstrated 
for many years. In their exhibition were shown several fine speci- 
mens of breech and muzzle-loading shot guns, imported directly by 
the firm. The display made reflected much credit upon the exhibit- 
ors, and although an especially fine one, yet it only represented the 
usual goods manufactured and sold by the firm. 

15. — Walter Treleaven, 144 West Lake street, Chicago. Gold 
Pens. An extensive assortment of gold pens, and gold, silver, rub- 
ber, ivory and pearl pen holders, and pencil cases, was displayed by 
this exhibitor, who deals exclusively in the goods shown, and whose 
exhibition was neat and attractive. 

16. — A. B. Van Cott & Co., 124 State street, Chicago. Watches, 
Jewelry, etc. The display of fine jewelry, silver ware and fancy 
articles made by this old and reliable firm, included many elegant 
specimens of taste and invention in that finest of all the mechanical 
arts. Among the magnificent collection shown by this house, was a 
great variety of massive and solid silver table wares, noticeable among 
which was a solid tea set, valued at ^800; diamond ornaments, jew- 
elry, Jurgenson stem-winding watches, mechanical birds, imported 
bronzes, Geneva clocks, etc., all forming one of the finest dis- 
plays in the building, and in every way in keeping with the standing 
of the firm by whom they w^ere exhibited, which was organized fifty 
years ago. This firm was originally established in New York, but 
since 1844 located in Chicago, and have always been justly celebrated 
for the taste and elegance of their wares. The exhibition made is 
one deserving of much praise for its costly magnificence, and main- 
tained the established reputation of the exhibitors. 

17. — Wendell & Hyman, 235 Wabash avenue,. Chicago. Silver- 
ware, Watches, Jewelry, etc. A choice and varied assortment, em- 
bracing everything that was elegant and desirable in jewelry was 
exhibited by this well known firm, of their own manufacture. An 
unusually rich display of plate, heavy work in silver, diamonds, fine 
imported clocks, pearl opera glasses, etc., were shown by this house. 
The exhibitors also displayed an elegant ebony and ivory cane, 
owned, and carried by Abraham Lincoln the night of the assassina- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 135 

tion. It was presented to Dr. Mack, by Mrs. Lincoln, who, at his 
death, left it to Mr. G. Pennoyer, of Chicago, and by whose courtesy 
Wendell & Hyman were permitted to add it to their many attractions. 
Another interesting feature of this display was a pewter dish from 
which George Washington partook many a frugal repast during 
the revolution. The contrast of this simple pewter compared with 
the elegant and extravagant solid silver ware of to-day was most strik- 
ing. This popular firm are entitled to great credit for the magnificent 
display made by them, and which was repeatedly changed during the 
Exposition, to present new attractions which they are constantly in 

receipt of. 

The establishment of this firm is classed as one of the most relia- 
ble houses in Chicago. 

18. — Western Cutlery Company, Ottawa, 111. Butcher Knives, 
Cutlery, etc. A commendable exhibition was made by this Com- 
pany of their products. The cutlery displayed was highly finished, 
and would bear favorable comparison with the goods of a more cel- 
ebrated mUke. The articles shown consisted of carving knives and 
table ware in general. 



SECTION 5. 
Toilet and Fancy Articles — Perfumery, Extracts, Soaps, etc. 

I. — Florence Manufacturing Co., Florence, Mass. Toilet 
and Fancy Articles. A fine assortment of goods manufactured by 
this Company was exhibited, consisting of hair and cloth brushes, 
hand mirrors and other toilet articles in a great variety of elegant 
designs peculiar to their manufacture. The excellence of the. mate- 
rials used in the construction of these goods, together with their 
great beauty and durability particularly recommends them to favor. 

2. — Graham Bros. & Co., 42 and 44 South Clinton street, 
Chicago. Toilet Soaps, Perfumeries, etc. , A large walnut case was 
filled with the many goods manufactured by this firm, consisting of 
fine toilet soaps, perfumeries^ hair oils, cosmetics, pomades, etc. A 
noticeable attraction of this display was a bust of the lamented 
Lincoln finely executed in cocoa soap, and another of Byron done 
in glycerine soap. Both were life-size, and marvels of the artist's 
.skill, on whom they reflected much credit, alike with the exhibitors. 
The goods of this firm always command a ready sale for their supe- 



130 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

rior qualities and excellence. The establishment of these exhibitors 
is the oldest of the kind in the great west. 

3. — W, J. M. Gordon, Cincinnati, Ohio. Medicinal Chemicals, 
Glycerine, Pills and Medical Stores. A large and complete assort- 
ment of chemical preparations manufactured by the exhibitor, prom- 
inent among which was glycerine, a specialty of this house. This 
article was chemically pure, and free from odor or color. The 
exhibitor is the oldest and most extensive manufacturer of glycerine 
in the country, which article, made by him, is adapted to every purpose 
for which it can be used. All the goods of this house have an 
established reputation, and are particularly mentionable for their 
pureness. 

4. — GiLLETT, McCuLLOCH & Co., 34 and 36 South Water street, 
Chicago. Extracts, etc. In an elegant walnut case were neatly 
arranged the wares of this well known firm, consisting of perfumes, 
extracts, chemicals, hair oils, bay rums, etc., all of which were man- 
ufactured by the exhibitors, whose wares are well and favorably 
known throughout the west' and south. The specialties of this firm 
are their unrivaled baking powder and washing crystal. The display 
made was particularly fine and noticeable. 

5. — Mrs. John S. .Hendrickson, 489 Wabash avenue, Chicago. 
Fancy Goods. This display was somewhat varied in its character 
and consisted of fancy goods of every description. 

6. — HuYCK & Knox, 47 and 49 West Lake street, Chicago. 
Extracts, etc. This firm, who are manufacturing chemists, made a 
creditable display of perfumes and extracts of their own manufac- 
ture, which have the reputation of being articles of merit and of 
unsullied purity. 

7. — A. B. Keith, 5 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Samples of Cos- 
moline. The article displayed by this exhibitor is manufactured 
from purified and concentrated petroleum, by E. F. Houghton & 
Co., Philadelphia. It is used for its healing and curative properties, 
arid prepared in the form of a paste, which in the . liquid would be 
85° Fahrenheit. The exhibition of this article was made for the 
purpose of introducing it to the public, and demonstrating what is 
claimed for it. Crude petroleum was known to the Indians many 
years before it was known to the white man, and was by them called 
Seneca Oil. It was obtained from what are now called flowing wells, 
by the Indians spreading a blanket over the oil spring, which 
absorbed the oil as it came to the surface. The blanket was then 



THE EXHIBITORS. 137 

wrung out and the oil gathered in pails, and afterwards bottled anc 
sold by the tribe from which it derived its name, and found large 
sale in those times as the great Indian cure for sprains, cuts, burns, 
and a host of complaints. Cosmoline is a similar article, only 
improved upon by the progressive American people, and undoubt- 
edly now brought to a state of perfection, 

8. — Lazell, Marsh & Gardener, New York. Drugs, Extracts, 
and Perfumery. This well-known New York house made a highly 
commendable display of select, powdered, and crude drugs, fluid 
extracts and perfumery, tastily arranged in a handsome black walnut 
case. The goods of this house are well and favorably known 
throughout the country and are standard in their quality. 

9. — J. Lehman, 181 South Clark street, Chicago. Pocket-books. 
This exhibitor made a fine display of all kinds of pocket-books, 
from the sheep-skin wallet to the elegant mounted Russia leather 
book for ladies' use. All the goods shown were manufactured by 
the exhibitor, and were specimens of his ordinary make for the trade. 
The display was attractive, and the articles shown finely made. 

10. — Levy Brothers «& Co., 185 and 187 Madison street, Chicago. 
Imported Goods. A fine display of imported fancy goods, hair- 
work, jewelry, etc., was made by this firm, the arrangements of which 
evinced excellent taste. 

II. — G. Mallinckrodt & Co., St. Louis, Mo. Chemicals. A 
display of fine chemicals in bottles, manufactured by the exhibitors. 

12. — Bell Mann & Co., 163 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Perfum- 
ery and Toilet Goods. Specimens of the many extracts, perfumes, 
etc., manufactured by this popular firm were displayed, prominent 
among which were their celebrated specialties, consisting of Mann's 
Hair Luxuriant, and the Pullman Palace Car Bouquet. The " Pull- 
man " perfume has an exquisite and delicious odor, which is distilled 
from choice flowers cultivated in the south of France and Italy, and 
imported direct from the distillers by the exhibitors, who are the sole 
manufacturers. The perfume in question is perhaps the best one 
ever produced, and is highly endorsed for its excellency over the 
finest imported perfumes. 

13. — Merker Brothers, 143 State street, Chicago. Fancy 
Goods, etc, A large and attractive display was made by this firm, 
consisting of a fine line of fancy goods of their own importation, also 
pocket-books, bill books, bankers' cases, card cases, cigar cases, 
jewelers' trays, and fine leather goods in general, of their own manu- 



138 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

facture. This exhibition was the largest in the line it represented, 
and commendable to the firm. 

14- — Pioneer Manufacturing Co., 51 and 53 Canal street, Chi- 
cago. Toilet and Shaving Soaps. These soaps were highly per- 
fumed, and are termed "reliable," from their standard qualities. 
The display consisted of a large plate glass case containing the many 
varieties manufactured by this Company, and a pyramid of fine soaps 
in blocks from two feet square to as many inches. 

15. — Justin Ryan, 89 Miller street, Chicago. Specimens of 
Detergent soaps in cases. 

16. — Steele & Price, 201 and 203 South Water street, Chicago. 
Dr. Price's Cream Baking Powder and Flavoring Extracts. The 
display made by this old established house was highly attractive and 
imposing. Dr. Price is well known as an expert in the study of 
culinary chemistry, and most of the manufactures of Steele & Price 
are the result of his researches among the mysteries of this branch 
of science. Cookery, quite as much as poetry, music or painting, 
deserves to be classed among the fine arts, and the artist who 
perfects a new flavor, of surpassing excellence, or a fleecy paste of 
melting delicacy, is as worthy of praise and fame as he who writes 
an epic, composes an opera, or makes the canvas live with an his- 
torical picture. Of the Cream Baking Powder exhibited by this 
firm much has already been said in commendation. It appears to 
have earned its reputation from its undoubted excellence, and has 
been highly endorsed by the leading chemists of this country, as 
well as the United States government, by whom it is used for the 
various military posts. The display of flavoring extracts by these 
exhibitors is said to be the largest variety ever exhibited by any 
manufacturer in the world, and consisted of fifty-two distinct 
extracts, which are distilled from every delicious fruit and aro- 
matic known, by a new process, by which the characteristic taste 
and freshness of the real fruit is preserved, and the flavorings and 
extracts produced by this process are said to excel any in use. 

17. — E. H. Sargent, 785 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Surgical 
Instruments and Electrical Apparatus. The display made by this 
exhibitor, although comprising an exceedingly fine and costly 
variety of surgical instruments, attracted very little attention, per- 
haps, outside of professional examiners, by whom they were pro- 
nounced perfect, and the possession of either of the complete 
amputating or operating cases exhibited would be, to any surgeon, 



THE EXHIBITORS. 139 

as valuable an acquisition as could possibly be had, being of the 
latest and most approved style of instruments known to the pro- 
fession. 

iS.^Mrs. E. H. Stein, 124 West Madison street, Chicago. 
Fancy Goods and Notions. The display consisted of a variety of 
goods, all of which could be purchased for one dollar each, and the 
fact that these articles could be 7nade for the price they were sold fo'^ 
was a matter of wonderment, the profit of the seller not even being 
taken into consideration. 

19.— Henry Thayer & Co., Cambridgeport, Mass. Drugs, etc. 
An imposing display was made by this well known eastern house of 
their goods, consisting of drugs, extracts, sugar-coated pills, etc. 
The exhibition was neatly arranged, the articles being manufactured 
by the exhibitors, who are chemists of an established reputation. 

20. — A. C. Vanderburg & Co., Tribune Building, Chicago. 
This well known firm made a large display of perfumes, cosmetics? 
fancy and toilet goods, of the " Crown " brand. This line of goods 
are made in England, and imported by the above firm. The 
" Crown " goods are a specialty of the exhibitors, and are claimed 
to be vastly superior to the many others imported. At the Vienna 
Exposition the "Crown" goods were awarded the first medal for 
"best perfumes in the world." 



SECTION 6. 

Textile Fabrics., Woolen, Cotton, Silks, Mixed and Other Mill and Hand- Made 

Fabrics., Piece Goods, etc, 

I. — Belding Bros. & Co., 198 Madison street, Chicago. Sewing Silk 
and Machine Twist. This well and favorably known firm made one 
of the finest displays in the Exposition, which was both ornamental 
and instructive. The exhibition consisted of several elegant and 
unique walnut cases containing specimens of their unequaled machine 
twist and sewing silk of every hue and color; also a case of raw silk 
in different stages of manufacture, from which one could get a cor- 
rect idea of the manufacture of silk from the worm to the finished 
article. The goods of this firm have become justly celebrated for 
their many particular points of excellence, among which may be 
mentioned, that every spool is warranted full length, the strength of 
their silk unsurpassed, and the quality superior to any manufac- 



14° EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

tured. These exhibitors are the largest manufacturers in the coun- 
try of sewing silk, machine twist, etc., having. extensive mills located 
at Rockville, Conn., while their large business houses are to be found 
in NeVv York, Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St.* Louis and Chi- 
cago, to supply the demand for the excellent goods manufactured by 
them. Wherever the silks of this firm have been exhibited, they 
have invariably been awarded the first premium for their superior 
excellence, two of the last medals received being exhibited, which 
were taken at the Cincinnati Exposition and Ohio Mechanics' Insti- 
tute. This display was one that reflected the highest credit upon the 
exhibitors, in every way deserving of receiving a suitable award 
had any such been given, in which case another first premium would 
undoubtedly have been added to those already obtained by the firm. 

2. — BuRKiTT, Sutton & Stanley, 117 Franklin street, Chicago. 
Fancy Knit Goods. A large case filled with an assortment of hand- 
knit goods, embroideries, chenille work, etc. This was an elegant 
display, and prominent in which was a beautiful afghan, hand- knit, 
and valued at $125. ' 

3. — Elmer, Ball & White, 30 West Washington street, Chicago. 
Smith's Patent Perforated Buckskin Under Garments. A case of 
these celebrated goods was exhibited by this firm, which have been 
so thoroughly tested during the past four years, and are so highly 
appreciated by those who have worn them, it is hardly necessary to 
speak of their good qualities. The importance of clothing the body 
lightly, and at the same time obtain the requisite amount of warmth, 
must be evident to the mind of every one. It is claimed that the 
body may be clothed lighter, more comfortable, and kept in a more 
even degree of warmth by these garments than by any other known, 
and being perforated, do not retain the moisture of the body. The 
invention is one of merit, and deserving the attention of every one 
subject to our variable climate. 

4. — John Howe & Sons, Carrollton, Ky. Jeans. Specimens of 
iCentucky Jeans, in pieces manufactured by the exhibitor. 

5. — A. W. Rollins & Co., 151 and 153 Michigan avenue, Chicago. 
Woolen and Cotton Goods of every description, Shawls, Blankets, 
Yarn, Cloths, etc. This firm displayed in great variety samples of 
the above goods, and are entitled to credit for so large a representa- 
tion. The business of the exhibitors is divided into three distinct 
departments, viz. : ist. Woolen manufacturers' supplies. 2d. Manu- 
facturers' agents for cotton and woolen goods. 3d. Manufacturers' 



THE EXHIBITORS. 141 

ndings, dye woods, dye stuffs, etc. Each of these departments are 

nder the immediate charge and supervision of a representative man, 

.'ho makes it his specialty. Among the specimens of the many pro- 

luctions exhibited, were those from the Renfrew Manufacturing Co., 

Eagle Cotton Mills, and Penn Mills, of Pittsburg, Pa., consisting of 

warps, cotton sheeting, and carpet chains ; Gould, Pierce & Co., 

Cincinnati, O., cotton twine, colored carpet chains, bank string, and 

seine twine; Hawes & Foster's wadding; sheeting from the Roswell 

Manufacturing Co., of Roswell, Ga. ; goods from the Rock Island 

Cotton Mills ; T. and H. socks, mittens, flannels, repellents, cassi- 

meres, etc. The exhibiting firm represent all the manufacturers 

whose goods they displayed, having been appointed their agents. 

All the articles shown are of standard make, and reflected credit upon 

manufacturers and agents alike, being the largest and most attractive 

display of woolen and cotton goods in the Exposition. 

6. — J. G. Stolph, Proprietor Aurora Woolen Mills, Aurora? 
111. Woolen Goods. Specimens of the excellent goods manufac- 
tured at the above mills were exhibited, consisting of cassimeres and 
hosing. 

7. — Gibson & Tyler, Minneapolis, Minn. Enos Brown & Co., 
19 and 21 Randolph street. Agents. Blankets. A large case of 
blankets was displayed by these exhibitors, which for workmanship, 
quality and superior finish, stand unrivaled. The many specimens 
of these goods as shown, embraced the "Imperial Rose," the finest 
made by the firm, the " Pullman Palace Car" blanket, (all the elegant 
gray striped goods used by this celebrated car company are made 
by the exhibitors, and rank among their best articles of manufacture,) 
the " three point" or Indian blanket, and several other specimens of 
minor grades. The " three point" is manufactured extensively for 
the United States, having been adopted by the Government for use 
among the Indians. The " Imperial Rose" has been used exclu- 
sively in the furnishing of the Great Palmer House, being manufac- 
tured to order. Thus it will be seen that not only do the U. S. Gov- 
ernment use largely of the wares of this firm, but the great corpora- 
tions of the country likewise. Some years ago it was deemed impos- 
sible to produce in this country a blanket of the elegant quality as 
those shown, England getting all the trade which is now bestowed 
upon home manufactures, and deservedly so, too. 

An interesting fact is illustrated in the goods exhibited that they 
are exclusively home production, the sheep having been raised and 



142 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

fed in Minnesota by home capital, the fleece made into wool and from 
the wool the productions exhibited, which not only rival all blankets 
manufactured in this country, but, by comparison, are fully equal to 
the best of English make. 

8. — TuELL, Ripley & Deming, Terra Haute, Ind. Flannels. 
Specimens of fancy flannels, manufactured at the Wabash Mills, and 
exhibited by the above firm, who are proprietors. 



SECTION 7. 

' Embroideties and Fancy Work in Silk, Cotton, Wool, Hair, Wax, Feathers, 

Leather, Etc. 

I, — J. Cox & Co., 172 Madison street, Chicago. Artificial 
Flowers. This house made a pleasing display of fine imported 
artificial flowers of their own importation, in which they deal ex- 
clusively. 

2. — G. F. Foster, Son & McFarren, 4 Market street, Chicago. 
Ship Chandlery Goods, Cordage, Twines, Water Proof Horse Covers, 
Flags, Tents, Oars, Regalia, Steel and Iron Ware, Vessel Masts and 
Models. Conspicuous among this firm's goods was a finely painted 
white silk banner, upon which was depicted the sturdy artisan blow- 
ing the challenge from his horn to the giant monopoly. This banner 
was but an imperfected specimen of the fine work in this line done 
by the above firm, who also are manufacturers of tents, awnings, silk 
and bunting flags, and to this house the Exposition Building was in- 
debted for its profuse decoration of flags of all nations. This firm 
was founded in 1837. 

3. — Miss H. Guest, 256 West Madison street, Chicago. Hair 
Work, A case of specimens of this artist's work in human hair and 
jewelry, made of same material, very artistically done. A fine display 
of the exhibitor's ability as a first-class artist in hair. 

4. — Gould, Pearce & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Carpets, etc. 
Specimens of carpets, twines, etc., were exhibited by this firm of 
their own manufacture. 

5. — Industrial Class of Chicago, Mrs. John S. Hendrickson in 
charge. Below will be found the names of contributors to the class 
and the articles so contributed, which are given without comment, 
none being needed, all the articles shown being finely done, and in 
every way creditable to those by whom they were made : 



THE EXHIBITORS. 143 

Mrs. S. Clark and Miss Grain, 986 Indiana avenue, Chicago, wax 
work. Mrs. Kirkland, 1030 Wabash avenue, Chicago, devotional 
chair. Mrs. J. Grant, 155 South Clark street, Chicago, devotional 
chair. Mrs. M. Egeris, 178 North May street, Chicago, knitted table 
spread and tidies. Mrs. A. L. Forkel, 300 Larrabee street, Chicago, 
knitted work. Mrs. Martin, Lemont, 111., worsted wreath and bou- 
quets. Mrs. M. Borgan, 284 West Erie street, Chicago, wax and 
paper flowers, crystalized work. Hannah Danielson, Garibaldi and 
Thirtieth streets, Chicago, embroidered tidy. Mrs. William Stokes, 
310 Michigan avenue, Chicago, point lace. Mrs. McDaniels, Wil- 
mette. 111., pieced silk quilt. Catharine Donaren, 124 Wright street, 
Chicago, log cabin silk quilt. Miss Lena Funk, Lake View, 111., 
fancy needle work and embroidery. Louisa Hofeldt, 120 Barber 
street, Chicago, crochet work and embroidery. Mrs. Anderson, 344 
Michigan avenue, Chicago, fine needle work. Miss A, Lemoine, 302 
Second street, Chicago, crochet and needle work. Miss M. Karable, 
488 South Union street, Chicago, crochet and fancy work. Mrs. De 
Bert, 155 Cottage Grove avenue, Chicago, sofa pillow. Mrs. Chr. 
Carstensen, 525 North Wells street, bead embroidery. Mrs. M. 
Steinback, 271 Blue Island avenue, Chicago, fancy embroidery. 
Christine Berg, 337 West Indiana street, Chicago, crochet bed spread. 
Mrs. Frantzen, 214 Mohawk street, Chicago, fancy crochet work. 
Mrs. Gressendorf, 85 House street, Chicago, crochet and linen tidies. 
Mrs. Langman, 167 Blue Island avenue, Chicago, worsted embroid- 
ered picture of Lorley. Mrs. Joseph Alcock, Chicago, hair wreath. 
Mrs. Thorne, 368 North Market street, Chicago, hair flowers. 
Martha Wiernar, 855 South Halsted street, Chicago, wax and feather 
wreath. Emily Larensen, 225 Kinzie street, Chicago, child's car- 
riage robe. Mrs. Brucklacher, 133 North Clark street, Chicago, 
silk netting work. Emma Breitling, 257 Center street, Chicago, lace 
applique work. Emma Shorr, 168 Blue Island avenue, Chicago, 
sofa pillow. Mrs. H. Long, point lace. 

6, — G. Mendelson, 34 Washington street, Chicago. Zephyr Wors- 
ted, Embroideries, etc. In this display was exhibited some elegant 
goods, comprising ribbons, laces, trimmings, white goods, notions, 
fancy goods, and a line of very beautiful foreign novelties of the ex- 
hibitor's own importation. The exhibition was commendable, both 
for the fine class of goods shown and their perfect arrangement. 

.7. — A. S. Wadhams & Co., 192 Clark street, Chicago. A Case of 
Masonic Goods, whose beauty and elegance were beyond description. 



144 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

These goods consisted of three Masonic scarfs of the 32° and 33°, 
which were elaborately and appropriately embroidered; also one 32° 
apron, a perfect gem, together with Masonic goods of lesser note, but 
all showing a superior quality of such line of goods. Deserving 
special mention, were two Odd Fellow's collars. These collars were 
manufactured at the establishment of this firm (as were all the other 
goods exhibited), and were made to order for the Grand Represent- 
ative and the Past Grand and Past Chief Patriarch of the Grand 
Lodge of Odd Fellows of the United States. The Grand Repre- 
sentative's was made of purple velvet, superbly embroidered with 
gold, and trimmed with gold bullion fringe, while that of the Past 
Grand was made of crimson velvet, and elegantly embroidered with 
silver, and fringed with silver bullion. Both were lined with the 
finest quality of satin, and cost one hundred dollars each, and are, 
perhaps, the handsomest goods of this kind ever made. If prizes 
had been offered, this case of goods should have deservedly received 
the first or highest prize of the class in which it was exhibited. 



SECTION 8. 

Garments for both sexes and all ages^ including Coiffures, Wigs and Hair Work., 
Straw Goods, Hosiery, Boots and Shoes, Hats, Caps, Bonnets, Gloves, Fajis, 
Umbrellas, Parasols, Canes, Dolls and Toys, Trunks, India Rubber Goods, 
Carpets, Furniture, Tissues, leather. Cordage, Traveler s Equipments, etc. 

I. — American Molded Collar Co., South Boston, Mass. Gray's 
Patent Molded Collars and Cuffs. A large display of these cele- 
brated goods was made, arranged in very attractive shape. 

2. — Brownson Brothers & Co., 192 and 194 Madison street, 
Chicago. Neck Wear, Shirts and Collars. The display made by 
this firm was exceedingly fine, and consisted of neck wear in great 
variety of styles and material. They also exhibited a splendid line 
of elegant scarfs of their own importation. A prominent feature 
of this display was a case of Burlock's celebrated diamond shirts, 
sold exclusively in the west by this house, also a large line of Gray's 
^■opular molded collars, for which this firm are sole western agents. 
The elegant line of neck wear exhibited was particularly noticeable, 
and is a specialty of this house, by whom they were manufac- 
tured. It is to be regretted that the space allotted to this firm did 
not admit of so large a display as they could have otherwise made. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 145 

their stock being more extensive than that of any other house in 
their line in (Chicago. Two immense floors are occupied by this firm 
in their business, which are literally packed by the immense stock 
carried at all seasons of the year, and although doing an extensive 
trade, yet it is a remarkable fact their stock is kept constantly replen- 
ished with new and fresh goods. In enterprise, perhaps no firm in 
Chicago are possessed of more, and to illustrate this fact may be 
recorded an instance of the great fire, by which the establishment of 
this firm was entirely consumed on the memorable October 9th, yet 
on October 12th, in but three days time, the firm again commenced 
business in temporary quarters, to meet the demands of their many 
patrons. To this firm much credit is due for the fine and attractive 
display made by them, and for the quality of goods exhibited. 

3. — D. P. Barrett & Co., 184 and 186 Monroe street, Chicago. 
Paper Boxes, Passe-Partouts, etc. An elegant display was made by 
this firm of their wares, consisting, in addition to those above named, 
of paper frames, display cards for photographer's use, etc. The goods 
exhibited were the exclusive manufactures of this house, and were of 
the finest quality, and reflected credit upon the exhibitors. 

4. — Bennett & Co., 18 Merrimack street, Haverhill, Mass. Felt 
and Leather Soled German Shoes. These articles are somewhat 
novel in their construction, being soled of felt. All sizes were ex- 
hibited in both shoes and slippers. 

5. — John Borgerson, 30 Temple street, Chicago. A display of 
Ladies' Sewing Work Boxes, Tobacco Boxes, Needle Cases, etc., 
manufactured by the exhibitor. 

6. — Brown, Prior & Fiske, 163 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Gents' 
Furnishing Goods. A superb display in this line was made by these 
exhibitors, who are established in magnificent quarters in Ely's iron 
block, corner Wabash avenue and Monroe street, occupying what is 
conceded to be the most richly furnished and most thoroughly 
appointed store of the kind in the country, well known as dealers 
in the celebrated " Sam Brown shirts," and in all the lines of the very 
finest articles of gents' underwear and furnishing to be found in 
foreign or American markets. As samples of their selections dis- 
played at the Exposition may be mentioned, besides a good display 
of the "Sam Brown shirts," embroidered night shirts, very elegant 
specimens of Cartwright & Warner's underwear, of the highest grades, 
of which the firm carry the largest stock in the northwest; silk sus- 
penders, gents' kid gloves, of special manufacture ; ladies initial 
10 



146 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

handkerchiefs, Vienna Exposition robes, chinchilla fur, imported 
neck wear, etc., etc. The trade mark of the firm, a very dainty 
and exquisite piece of embroidery on white satin, framed and 
suspended in the apartment, was an object of universal admiration. 
The firm name at the top, the trade mark, ^'' an avant^'' below,, fol- 
lowed by the simple suffix, " haberdashers," were done in silk letters so 
fine as to be generally mistaken for a very costly specimen of fancy 
painting. The entire display constituted a feature in every way 
worthy of the great Exposition and the popular firm by whom it was 
made. 

7. — Bullock Bros., 50 and 52 Madison street, Chicago. Fine 
Shoes and Slippers. An elegant case of ladies' and misses' shoes and 
slippers was exhibited by this firm. The specimens shown were 
exquisite, and of most superior workmanship. 

8. — C. A. Crell, 78 and 80 State street, Chicago. Paper Collars 
and Cuffs. In this display was over 52,000 paper collars, cuffs and 
bosoms, embracing forty different styles. This house are extensive 
dealers solely in the above line of goods, which are manufactured 
principally by the celebrated Keystone and Bemis Collar companies. 

9. — CoYLE & Dickenson, 209 West Madison street, Chicago. 
Shirts. This firm, who are the manufacturers of the celebrated 
" Chicago " shirt, made a creditable display, consisting of several 
handsome show cases containing samples of fine shirts of above style, 
which is their specialty. 

10. — D. Howard Donavan, 72 Adams street, Chicago. Patent 
Chairs and Chair Seats. This display consisted of several patented 
articles in that useful household commodity, chairs, and in the seats 
'of same. The Gardiner patent chair-seat is an article of great 
utility and durability. The patent consists in glueing three pieces 
of veneer together, the grain of same crossing in opposite directions 
thus making a strong and durable chair-bottom, and a far more ser- 
viceable one than cane, and which is fully as ornamental. This 
patent seems a highly valuable one, and one that is destined to 
supercede cane seats altogether. A motto illustrating this fact was 
suspended above the exhibition, and which seems to be highly 
appropriate, and was to the effect that, " Cain killed Abel, but this is 
able to kill Cane." This article can be used to replace cane on 
chairs at about the same cost, and, although introduced but a 
short time, its success is more than guaranteed. This exhibitor also 
showed specimens of Colligan's patent folding chair, and Gardiner's 



THE EXHIBITORS. T47 

patent brace chairs and rockers, for which he is also General Western 
Agent. The display was one showing the many useful improvements 
in furniture, and was one of decided merit. 

II. — Downs & Sias, Lakeside building, Chicago. Gents' Clothing 
and Fine Woolens. Th3 goods comprising this display are the 
specialties of this house and taken from regular stock. They consist 
of imported cloths and cassimeres, tricots, cheviots, suitings, coatings, 
etc., all of the finest kind, in great variety. 

12. — Damon, Temple & Co., 11 1 and 113 Wabash avenue, Chi- 
cago. Gents' Neck Wear. This house are manufacturers and 
extensive jobbers in the above goods, of which a full line was shown 
of the latest styles, together with linen and paper collars and cuffs, 
jewelry, etc. 

13. — DoGGETT, Bassett & HiLLs, 29 and 31 Lake street, Chi- 
cago. Custom-made Boots and Shoes. The goods exhibited were 
of this firm's own manufacture, and comprised many of their cele- 
brated brands, such as the ''Lake. Superior Mining," "Minnesota," 
etc., all of which are w^ell known to the trade as articles of superior 
workmanship, and are hand -sewed. Hence the name of "custom- 
made " has been given to the boots and shoes of these exhibitors, 
who make and job as fine goods to the trade, by the case, as could 
be made to order by the single pair. 

14. — Ely & Co., Ely's Block, corner Wabash avenue and Monroe 
street, Chicago. This justly celebrated firm of importing tailors, 
who are renowned fur the excellent fit of their garments and the 
superior material of which they make them, displayed some extra 
choice goods for men's wear, of their own importation, consisting of 
cloths, cassimeres, beavers, etc. The name of Ely and the finest 
of garments are always classed as one and inseparable. 

15. — H. EssERS, 398 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. A 
small case containing some very fine specimens of ladies' and gents' 
boots and shoes, which were well made and of good material. 

id. — J. H. & I. J. Frank, Third avenue and Monroe street, Chica- 
go. Collars and Gents' Neck Wear. A large display of neck wear 
and Ward's celebrated paper collars and cuffs. 

17. — C. H. Fargo & Co., Madison and Market streets, Chicago. 
Boots and Shoes. A large display was made by this old established 
house, consisting of buffalo-lined boots and shoes, ladies', misses', and 
children's calf shoes of their own manufacture. The goods shown 
were of standard brands, and compared favorably with the reputa- 



148 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

tion of the house, which is one of the oldest in the boot and shoe 
trade in Chicago. 

18. — D. B. FiSK & Co., Wabash avenue and Washington street, 
Chicago. Millinery Goods. In this line of goods the house of these 
exhibitors stands pre-eminently forth, without a rival, being so far in 
advance of all competitors as to seemingly be the ojily establishment 
of the kind in Chicago. The firm is a pioneer one, having been es- 
tablished near a quarter of a century ago, and its business now is 
counted by millions. The display made by this firm was one of the 
most attractive features of the Exposition, and consisted of rich mil- 
linery goods, flowers, feathers, trimmed goods, millinery and fancy 
articles of foreign and home production, the whole contained in a 
magnificent glass case, ten feet high by eighteen feet long, the front 
being one single plate of French glass, and presented an appearance 
of beauty that must be seen to be fully appreciated. The entire 
display was grand and imposing, and reflected great credit upon the 
firm. 

19. — J. W. Griswold & Co., 54 and 56 Madison street, Chicago. 
Ladies' Underwear, Suits, Cloaks, etc. This well known house made 
an attractive display of the above goods, which they deal in exclu- 
sively. Among the many articles shown were some exceedingly fine 
samples of ladies' underwear, cloaks, and suits, in variety of styles, 
all of which made a creditable showing of the resources of this firm. 

20, — Gage, Mallory & Co., 192 and 194 Madison street, 
Chicago, Hats, Caps, and Furs. While this house is one of the 
most extensive in the wholesale line of the northwest, and doing an 
immense jobbing business in hats, caps, straw goods, and furs, yet 
the display of this firm consisted principally of furs, of which a 
large assortment was shown of all the leading styles, prominent 
among which were some excellent goods in seal skin and mink. 

21. — J. E. Green, 131 Twenty-second street, Chicago. Boots, 
Shoes, and Slippers. A superb display of goods in the above line 
was made by this exhibitor, contained in an unique oval glass case. 
The exhibition comprised ladies' wear in great variety, and was one 
reflecting great credit upon the exhibitor for the display made, every 
article of which was taken from stock. 

22. — N. E. Gerry & Co., 123 South Clark street, Chicago. Over- 
Gaiters and Leggins. A very neat and attractive display was made 
by this firm, who make the manufacture of over-gaiters, etc., a 
specialty. Contained in a handsome show case w^ere some really 



THE EXHIBITORS. 149 

superb specimens of gentlemen's over-gaiters and leggins, ladies' 
gaiterettes, children's leggins, etc., all of their own manufacture and 
designs, representing the general style of goods made by this firm 
for the trade. 

23. — Greensfelder, Rosenthal & Co., 34 and -T^^i Wabash 
avenue, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. A number of cases of the 
celebrated Whitney boots were displayed by this firm. 

24. — Goodyear Rubber Company, 105 and 107 Madison street, 
Chicago. Belting, Hose, Rubber Clothing, Boots, Shoes, Carriage 
and Horse Clothing, Druggists' and Stationers' Goods, etc. Among 
the many attractions of the Exposition none were more inviting than 
the display made by the above house, of which Mr. Geo. Clapp is 
agent. This house is a branch of 361 and ^fi^T^ Broadway, New York, 
The Goodyear Rubber Company, of which Mr. F. M. Shepard is 
President and J. A. Minott, Secretary, are the oldest and most exten- 
sive dealers in rubber goods in America, The Goodyear Rubber 
Company have the largest stock of rubber goods in the United 
States, All their goods are quoted at New York prices, giving the 
people of the West a chance to purchase at the same rates as in 
New York, This firm has a great advantage in the matter of 
freights, and as their goods are as cheap as any that can be bought 
in the United States, this being the largest house of the kind in 
America, it is useless for smaller houses to compete in prices. Their 
abundant capital enables them to buy goods for cash, thus giving 
them a palpable advantage. They keep constantly on hand rubber 
hose, belting, and everything known in rubber goods, including rub- 
ber jewelry, comprising everything in that line from ladies' ear-rings 
to gentlemen's sleeve-buttons. The display made by them wfere sam- 
ples taken from their stock at their salesroom, and were not gotten up 
for the occasion, 

25, — Glantz & Hoffman, 124 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Manu- 
factured Furs. In this display were exhibited furs in great variety. 
Seal skin, mink, and other styles of ladies' and gents' fancy furs of 
excellent quality. The assortment shown was complete in its ap- 
pointment, and one of decided merit. 

26. — E. H. Hoffman, 171 Madison street, Chicago, exhibited a 
case of fine meerschaum goods and smokers' articles, 

27. — J. N. Harvey, 96 and 98 Lake street, Chicago. Youths', 
Boys', and Children's Clothing. This exhibitor, who deals exclusive- 



150 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

ly in the above line of goods, made an entensive showing of many 
leading styles of suits for children, among which were observed the 
" Alpine," and " Rob Roy," made of navy blue cloth and tastely 
trimmed with white braid, the " Farragut," and "Windsor" suits, 
something new, and finely trimmed, together with many other neat 
and attractive suits of various materials, all of which class of goods 
are made a specialty of this house. The exhibition was one of at- 
traction, and formed an interesting feature of the Exposition. 

28. — Haskell Brothers, Tribune Building, Chicago. Trunks, 
Valises, Traveling Bags, etc. A large variety of trunks and bags of 
every description. Several extra fine trunks designed for ladies were 
particularly noticeable, being elegantly made, and the. interior ad- 
mirably arranged, having a particular place for innumerable articles, 
which in ordinarily constructed trunks are usually packed anywhere. 
A fine sole leather gentleman's trunk was also commendable for its 
construction and finish. 

29. — E. F. HoLLiSTER & Co., 1 1 7-1 23 State street, Chicago. 
Carpets, Furniture, Curtains, etc. The space occupied by this firm 
was the largest in the building, and hence they took especial pains to 
make the exhibition of their goods attractive, in which they admir- 
ably succeeded, which was doubtless due in a great measure to their 
extensive facilities to accomplish this, and they used them to the best 
advantage, the display being changed from time to time and fresh 
attractions presented, demonstrating their almost unbounded 
resources. In carpets the display was particularly fine. They ex- 
hibited some exquisite designs in French moquetts, and in velvets 
some chaste private patterns of their own importation, also in body 
Brussells several entirely new designs with borders to match. In 
upholstery goods among those shown were some beautiful designs in 
Tarabrequins and hangings, both in satin and chintz, which for ele- 
gance and harmony of shade commended themselves to all. In 
furniture this firm made an elegant display. A superb parlor suite 
in drab satin shown, worth ^1,500, also a finely carved and orna- 
mented chamber suite were particularly attractive. Their display 
also consisted of reception, easy and smoking chairs, swings, iete-a- 
teteSy etc., all of superior design and elegance. The entire exhibit 
of this firm cost ^20,000, and all goods shown were taken from their 
stock in store, and 7tot manufactured for exhibition. 

30. — G. L. HuYCK & Co., 99 Madison street, Chicago. An ele- 
gant display of Furnishing Goods was made by this firm, but the 



THE EXHIBITORS. 151 

crowning features consisted of an overcoat and dressing gown, both 
of wiiich were marvels of artistic workmanship, and being made by 
hand (as are all the goods of this firm), made them worthy to have 
taken the first prize at the Vienna Exposition. The dressing gown 
was exquisite, while the overcoat reflected the greatest credit upon 
the exhibitors. The large glass case containing linen cuffs and col- 
lars, should not be forgotten, as they formed a by no means small at- 
traction in this display. These goods were of the latest styles, and 
manufactured by the celebrated house of Fellows & Curtis, Troy, N. 
Y. The Diplomatic, Cadet, Rajah, and Aldine collars were among 
the latest styles in the extensive variety exhibited. The house of 
Curtis & Fellows is one of the oldest in the collar and cuff line, in 
the United States, and their goods are sold by only first class deal- 
ers. A full line of those exhibited are kept by the exhibitors, whose 
stock, like their display, ranked first class. 

31. — HiRSH & Co., 133 State street, Chicago. A Case containing 
Silk Umbrellas of extra fine quality, and Parasols, all manufactured 
by this firm, who deal exclusively in all kinds of the above line of 
goods. 

32. — Hallock & Wheeler, 169 Randolph street, Chicago. Among 
the many great attractions in the Exposition the ^'' Siphonia Elastica^'" 
or India-rubber tree, exhibited by this firm, received a large share of 
attention. Its large, oval, thick, and glossy leaves contributed to 
make it a fine specimen of the most beautiful tree in the world. It 
is a product of South America, and is found, indeed, in the greatest 
perfection and inexhaustible quantity upon that equatorial ring which 
modern science has traced around the globe. The best quality of 
gum, under the name of " caoutchouc," is produced from the white, 
milky juices of this remarkable tree. India-rubber was first known 
as " elastic gum," but took its present name at a time when no other 
use was made of it than rubbing out pencil marks. Although known 
about one hundred and fifty years ago, it was not until 1820 that its 
employment began to extend beyond the use mentioned. Mechanics^ 
scientific chemists, and others experimented and labored, but without 
any successful results, to make it useful in the arts and manufactures. 
To the late Charles Goodyear, whose name is world-renowned, be- 
longs the honor of having accomplished one of the greatest inven^ 
tions of the age — the mode of ''vulcanizing" India-rubber. 

The vulcanized rubber belting, steam packing, fire engine and other 
hose, on exhibition by Messrs. Hallock & Wheeler, was from the well 



152 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

known Boston Belting Company's manufactory, the oldest and one 
of the most extensive manufactories in the above line of goods in 
the country, the high quality of whose products have a world-wide 
reputation. The above firm have the exclusive agency in Chicago 
for these goods, and " Torrey's patent carbolic hose," also on exhibi- 
tion. This hose is extensively used by the fire departments in the 
Eastern and Western States. Rubber horse covers, boots, overshoes? 
rubber clothing of various kinds, rubber carpets, mats, nursery sheets, 
plain and enameled cloth, gloves and mittens, etc., etc., all from their 
usual stock in store, were among the articles exhibited ; also some 
very fine specimens oi papier inache cuspadores, spittoons, and pails. 
The very superior oak leather belting was from the well known man- 
ufactory of P. Jewell & Sons, Conn. The whole forming an une- 
qualed display, and one worthy of the highest commendation. 

33. — Hall & Bro., 18 Halsted street, Chicago. Horse and 
Wagon Covers and Water Proof Clothing. This firm made a fine 
showing of the above goods, which are their specialty. 

34. — E. M. & A. A. Hughes, 341 West Madison street, Chi- 
cago. Infants' and Children's Clothing. A large glass case was 
exhibited containing some elegantly made goods in the above line, 
which were marvels of workmanship. 

35. — C. M. Henderson & Co., 220 and 222 Madison street, Chi- 
cago. Boots and Shoes. The most industrial feature of this great 
Industrial Exposition was given it by the largest boot and shoe house 
in the west, and one of the largest in the world. It was what is techni- 
cally called a team, consisting of about twenty men under one head, 
making in the Exposition Hall about one hundred pairs of boots 
daily. These men were uniformed in red shirts, occupied about 1,500 
square feet of floor room, enclosed in a heavy railing, and con- 
stantly surrounded by a crowd of visitors. It was a miniature rep- 
resentation of the manufacturing department of the house of C. 
M. Henderson & Co., the oldest exclusive jobbing boot and shoe 
house in Chicago ; a house that was established here twenty-three 
years ago, and doing a trade of several millions annually. Their 
contribution to the interest of this first Inter-State Exposition mani- 
fests the enterprise and leading character of the house. They showed 
the great multitudes of visitors how their custom-made work, which 
has gained honorable reputation with the trade, is manufactured. 
The quality of the materials used, and the substantial manner in which 
it is put together, and their capacity for supplying a large trade, were 



THE EXHIBITORS. 153 

all here demonstrated to the eye by a few moments attentive obser- 
vation. It was an individual illustration of Chicago enterprise, and 
the individual members of the firm are Charles M. Henderson, Wil- 
bur S. Henderson and Edmund Burke. They have twice passed 
through fire, and had an immense amount of stock destroyed, but the 
only signs now visible of these fires is a warming up to new and 
greater enterprise. 

2i(i. — S. HoLDERNESS & Co., 103 Madison street, Chicago. A dis- 
play of Rubber Stereotypes for marking purposes. 

37. — HoTCHKiN, Palmer & Co., 137 and 139 State street, Chicago 
Trimmed Bonnets, etc. A particularly fine and attractive display 
was made by this firm of trimmed hats, ladies' velvet and cloth 
cloaks ; also misses' and infants' cloaks, all of their own manufacture. 
A case of the celebrated " Bazaar " glove fitting patterns were also 
exhibited. The display was one of merit, and handsomely arranged. 

38. — E. August Jacobs & Co., 54 and 56 North Wells street, 
Chicago. Cords, Tassels, etc. An excellent representation of this 
firm's manufactures was exhibited, comprising all kinds of uphol- 
sters' trimmings, cords, tassels, drops, fringes, gimps, loops, bands, 
etc. The display was one of prominence, and for superior work- 
manship and designs would bear close comparison with any goods of 
the kind in the country. A particularly noticeable feature of the 
display was an elegant octagon walnut case containing every kind of 
tassels manufactured, the case beingsurrnountedby a Phoenix, carved 
from solid walnut. The goods made by this firm are styled the Phoe- 
nix, such being the trade mark of the house, and most appropriately 
adopted, as goods of such standard quality must necessarily "rise" 
above all competition. 

39. — KiLSHEiMER &" SoNDHEiMEN, 113 Main Street, Cincinnati, 
Ohio. Gents' Fine Boots and Shoes. A case of exceedingly fine 
goods of the above line were shown by this firm, which spoke in the 
highest terms of these exhibitors as being manufacturers unsurpassed 
for excellence and great beauty of workmanship. A style of gaiter 
among the display, called the " Excelsior," which from casual obser- 
vation seems admirably named, excelling others in many particular 
points. The display, while being small, was one which was charac- 
terized by its first class appearance, and one which the firm may 
at all times be justly proud of. 

40. — MuNSON & Co., 14 and 16 West Randolph street, Chicago. 
Leather Belting. This firm exhibited a variety of their popular 



154 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

standard leather belting, which is so well known and extensively 
used throughout the country, that comment upon its many excellent 
qualities is unnecessary. 

41. — McAuLEY, YoE & Co., Ill and 113 Wabash avenu'e, Chicago. 
Boots.' Several cases of mining boots were displayed by this firm, 

42. — Mrs. M. Morse, 490 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Excelsior 
Self-fitting Dress Chart. This is a new and valuable invention for 
the benefit of the ladies. By the use of the Excelsior chart, a per- 
fect fitting dress may be obtained for any form, by measurement. 
The system cuts tight, as well as loose fit garments for ladies and 
children. The chart is elegantly designed, and simple in construc- 
tion, and seems a perfect system of cutting, etc. 

43. — C. Mackenzie, 103 Madison street, Chicago. Hats, Caps, 
etc. In an elegant walnut and inlaid case some ten feet high, was 
displayed a variety of gentlemens' head wear, consisting of silk dress 
hats, cassimere and felt hats, also ladies' and misses' fine furs, gloves, 
walking sticks, imported umbrellas, etc., the whole forming an attrac- 
tive exhibition, and one which the popular exhibitor is entitled to 
credit, both for the fine quality of the goods displayed and the excel- 
lent taste evinced in their arrangement. 

44. — McCoRMiCK. & Clark, 130 Clark street, Chicago. Fine 
Shoes, etc. The goods comprising the display made by this firm 
were manufactured to order, expressly for the Exposition, and were 
gems in the line of foot ware. As a specimen of what the articles 
consisted of, mention should be made of a pair of ladies' white satin 
boots, elaborately stitched, and lined with quilted silk, the cost 
being $40. The display of this firm was very attractive; but the 
goods were not serviceable. Yet this house do make those of a 
more substantial character, and the workmanship will compare with 
the best on exhibition. 

45- — Novel.ty Manufacturing Co., 495-499 North Wells 
street, Chicago. Baby Carriages, etc. A large variety of hobby 
horses, boys' sleighs, velocipedes, children's carriages, etc., were 
exhibited by this Company, of their own manufacture. 

46. — A. J. Nutting, 188 and 190 State street, Chicago. Clothing. 
A fine display of ready-made clothing was exhibited by this well 
known house, consisting of garments for men and boys, and fur- 
nishing goods. The clothing of this house is said to be equally as 
fine and well made as ordered goods. 

47. — Julius Newman, 90 State street, Chicago. Corsets and 



THE EXHIBITORS. 155 

Hoop Skirts. The exhibitor, who is a manufacturer of the above 
goods, made a large and imposing display of his wares. 

48. — Ordway & Newland, 209 West Madison street, Cliicago. 
Clothing. "An attractive representation of gentlemen's fine clothing 
manufactured by the exhibitors. 

49. — Parker & Tilton, Hatters, ^2> Clark street, Chicago, 
made one of the finest displays in the building, which reflected 
great credit upon this deservedly popular firm. Upon a platform 
raised some eight inches from the floor, and carpeted by velvet 
tapestry, was placed an elegant walnut case twelve feet in height, 
and surmounted by their trade mark, the Claw and Crown, 
the whole towering upwards some sixteen feet. At one corner of 
the platform stood an elaborately carved walnut card receiver, while 
upon the opposite side stood a delicate upholstered reception chair, 
the whole presenting an appearance of careless elegance, and cost- 
ing over $1,500. The goods contained in the case were of the finest 
kind, consisting of silk and felt hats of their own manufacture, as 
well as those of their importation from the celebrated English houses 
of Christy & Co., Lincoln, Bennett & Co., Henry Melton, and Tress & 
Co. They also exhibited specimens of Martin's umbrellas and walking 
sticks, directly imported by them. One of the most attractive feat- 
ures of the case were several of their unapproachable silk gossamer 
body dress hats, which are a specialty of this firm, weighing but three 
ounces, and being the lightest weight dress hat manufactured. The 
store of this firm fully compares with their display at the Exposition, 
and has been justly pronounced the most elegantly fitted establish- 
ment, in their line of business, on the continent. Taken altogether, the 
display made by this firm reflected great credit to themselves and the 
E-xposition alike, and attracted much attention from the visitors, as 
it properly should. 

50. — PiNGREE & Smith, 15 and 17 Woodbridge street, Detroit, 
Mich. Samples of Fine Shoes. This display consisted of a fine 
collection of ladies', misses', and children's shoes and slippers, taken 
from stock of the exhibitors, without desire on their part to be fancy 
but to make an exhibitiou of such goods as t'hey manufacture for the 
trade, which were " practical fine shoes made to wear," and not for 
show alone. A great mistake is made by many in their display of 
goods by catering to the eye too much and not to solid worth and 
quality. Such goods it is true come in for a share of attention, and 
are pronounced beautiful, exquisite, etc., yet they demonstrate the 



156 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

fact of having been "gotten up for the occasion," and are not a fair 
representation of the ordinary industrial pursuits which an exposi- 
tion is intended to draw out. The goods exhibited by Pingree & 
Smith would bear favorable comparison with any manufactured in 
the country, and certainly west of New York. The exhibitors' man- 
ufacturing capacity is nine htntdred Y>di\rs of fine shots per day, and 
their business extends from Massachusetts to Colorado. Many of 
Chicago's heaviest wholesale shoe houses acknowledge the excellence 
of these exhibitor's goods and deal extensively in their wares. 
Among their patrons may be named C. H. Fargo & Co., C. M. Hen- 
derson & Co., Doggett, Bassett & Hills, and others. The goods 
exhibited were particularly noticeable for their shape and desirable 
style, the designs of which were original with the makers. The 
glass show case containing this magnificent display is also worthy of 
mention, being of an unique design, oval sides and top, nickel plated 
and was entirely different from any other show case in the building. 
51. — Spencer H. Peck, 195 and 197 Wabash avenue, Chicago. 
Carpets, Curtain Goods, etc. This house made a very fine and 
elaborate display in carpets and curtains, showing several elegant 
patterns in body Brussels and Axminster carpets in new colorings. 
One, a sage green ground, with beautiful scroll patterns of delicate 
vine, mingled with autumn leaves, small roses, violets, etc.; also a 
black ground, with wreaths and vines of Nile green, sprigs with del- 
icate buds and small roses in bright and cheerful coloring, the whole 
forming an elegant parlor carpet. There was also a beautiful display 
of Axminster rugs in light and delicate ground, and exquisite color- 
ings inithe different designs. The curtain department of this house, 
under the management of Mr. George W. Haskins, makes a magnifi- 
cent display in boudoir and chamber drapings, and calls for more 
than a passing notice. The section draping gives some new and 
interesting ideas in this class of work. The colors introduced were 
an underskirt of black silk velvet, cut with straight side, and em- 
broidered on outer edge with one-half inch silk gimp, in shape of 
scroll S's. Falling over this was an overskirt of a beautiful shade of 
fawn drab of English silk terry, laid in three folds about four inches 
in width, and dropping down half the distance of the underskirt, 
where it was caught up with loops, showing from under the graduated 
skirt. The edge of this overskirt was finished with Poncean satin, 
four inches wide, laid in clusters of puffs, edged on either side with 
half inch gimp to match, drops being used instead of fringe for fin- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 157 

ishing. The center figure was a well executed design of scroll work, 
and following the design in shape was black velvet. Three festoons 
of Poncean satin, finished with solid six-inch black silk fringe, with 
Poncean drops at intervals of six inches, were held in position by a 
black walnut spear, to correspond with massive cornice composed of 
black walnut and ebony inlaid with gold. Florence applique lace 
curtains, with lace shade to match, completed this window, which 
was truly par excellence. The chamber window was of blue silk 
terry, long curtains, capped with short lambrequins, four-inch French 
satin border of exquisite design, gilt cornice of Grecian design ele- 
gant wrought lace curtains and space to match. This house made 
one of the finest and most costly displays in the Exposition. 

52. — R. M. Peare & Co., 203 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Rubber 
and Leather Goods, etc. A variety of goods was displayed by this 
exhibitor, prominent among which were specimens of rubber and 
leather belting, hose packing and tubmg, Gasket's shaft rubber, lace, 
leather, etc., which was of good quality and workmanship. The 
display was not as large as the resources of the firm would have 
admitted, this house being one of the standard establishments of 
Chicago. 

53. — Phelps, Dodge & Palmer, Wabash avenue, Chicago. Boots 
and Shoes. A full line of this firm's various styles of goods were 
exhibited in original cases ; also, a show case of fancy top boots. 

54. — J. Freeman Quigg, 253 West Madison street, Chicago. A 
display of baby swings, rocking horses, jumpers, patent cradles, etc., 
which were manufactured by the exhibitor. 

55. — J. A. Smith & Co., 161 State street, Chicago. Furs, etc. 
This firm made a representation of but one branch of their busi- 
ness, hats, caps and all kinds of head wear for gentlemen being a 
part not represented by their display, which consisted of some very 
elegant furs and lap robes. 

56. — Joshua Smith, 204 State street, Chicago. Trunks, Bags, 
Travelers' Equipments, etc. This display consisted of a fine assort- 
ment of the above goods, in great variety. The specialty of the 
exhibition, however, was the celebrated patent " Sensation " trunk, 
which is manufactured only by the exhibitor, who is the owner 
of the patent. This trunk is undoubtedly the king in that line of 
goods. A few of its many advantages which may be named is its 
self-acting tray-raiser ; also, its great durability, resisting power, 
strength and economy in packing. 



158 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

57. — Schweitzer & Beer, 154 State street, Chicago. Toys and 
Fancy Goods. Prominent among the attractions of varied articles 
was the exceedingly large representation made by this firm, who are, 
perhaps, the largest and most extensive dealers in the above line in 
Chicago or the northwest. Every variety of toys and fancy goods 
were shown in profusion, many of them being imported. A notice- 
able feature was a case of wax dolls, superbly attired in costly 
apparel, which was said to have been dressed by a Chicago lady for 
the occasion. The fact is certainly evident, that by whoever they 
were appareled, that person was fully acquainted with the subject 
before them, as well as having good taste in their selection of mate- 
rial, etc., from which the dresses were made. 

58. — M. Selz & Co., 219 and 221 Madison street, Chicago. Boots 
and Shoes. A fine display was made of the celebrated Penitentiary 
hand made goods, consisting of custom kip, fine kip, veal kip, calf, 
tap sole, and driving boots, and calf shoes of all kinds, the entire list 
being made from superior stock. 

59. — A. D. TiTSWORTH, Lakeside Building, Chicago. Ready- 
made Clothing. The display made by this exhibitor was in every 
way in keeping with the established reputation of the house, being 
the oldest ready-made clothing establishment in the city of Chicago, 
which for excellent quality of goods, and great variety of styles, is 
unequaled in the west. Among the many specimens of clothing ex- 
hibited may be mentioned some fine beaver sacks and sack coats, 
satin lined and velvet faced, Newmarket suits of English and French 
cassimeres; opera and evening dress suits; coats, pants, and vests in 
great variety of styles and goods, all of which were made in the best 
manner, and reflected credit upon the exhibitor demonstrating the 
excellence of the goods of this house to be unsurpassed even by the 
most celebrated firms. 

60. — Robert Theim, 74 Madison street, Chicago. Boots and 
Shoes of unequaled quality, being composed of the strictly first-class 
stock, for which the establishment of this exhibitor has become so 
justly popular, and consisted of Boyden's celebrated gentlemen's 
shoes, manufactured at Newark, N. J., which is a specialty of this 
house ; also ladies', children's, and misses' shoes in great variety of 
styles and materials. The display was one for which the exhibitor 
is entitled to credit. 

61. — Vergho, Ruhling & Co., 138-142 State street, Chicago. 
Toys and Fancy Goods. In this display was many articles of foreign 



THE EXHIBITORS. 159 

manufacture, being imported directly by the firm. The exhibition 
made by this house comprised fancy goods in great variety, which 
was showily arranged and very attractive. 

62. — VoGLER & Geudtner, 156 State street, Chicago. Trunks 
and Traveling Bags. This house, which is exclusively wholesale, 
made a fair display of goods in the above line, of their own manu- 
facture. 

63. — Walker, Oakley & Co., 239 Lake street, Chicago. 
Leather. Specimens of leather from the well known tanneries of 
this firm in Holland, Mich., were exhibited, and from appearance was 
an excellent article, all the goods of this firm being justly celebrated 
for their superior points of excellence and durability which are im- 
parted during its manufacture. 

64. — Wilde, Bluett & Co., State and Madison streets, Chicago. 
Men and Boys' Clothing and Furnishing Goods. In this exhibition 
were specimen suits of men's and boy's clothing, and a case of gentle- 
men's furnishing goods. They were the contribution to the objects of 
interest from the palatial clothing establishment of this well-known 
firm. A suit of good clothes, the one thing needful to genuine good 
feeling, has interest for every visitor at the Exposition. This display 
was made by one of the establisments that give character to Chicago 
enterprise, a place where the golden rule governs every business 
transaction, and the aim of its management is to give full value for 
the value received. 

6^. — Warner, Marston & Felix, -^(i and 38 River street, Chica- 
go. Wood and Willow Ware, Brushes, Cordage, Twines, etc. The 
above firm (which is one of the oldest in this line in Chicago, being 
established a quarter of a century) made a large display of wood 
and willow ware, and which, being taken direct from ordinary stock 
on hand, spoke largely in favor of this well-known house and the 
goods kept by them. 

» 66. — Cyrus Wakefield, Boston, Mass. Exhibited a large line of 
Household Furniture, etc., in Rattan Goods. They are the largest 
manufacturers of this class of goods in the world, and their display 
of useful and ornamental goods attracted much attention. Their 
goods consisted of mats, mattings, lounges, tete-a-ieies, easy and 
rocking chairs, garden chairs, etc. \w fact almost every conceivable 
article of furniture was shown in this display. E. F. Hollister & 
Co., 121 and 123 State street, Chicago, are the agents of these goods 
and by whom the display was arranged for the exhibitor. 



i6o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

67. — D. Webster & Co., 270 and 272 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 
Ladies' and Children's Hats, Notions, etc. This popular firm, who 
cater to the taste of all, rich and poor, alike, made a notable display 
of goods of all qualities, comprising ladies' imported bonnets, laces, 
notions, French flowers, ribbons, velvets, silks, etc., all of which were 
commendably arranged and bespoke for the exhibitors a replete stock 
in their line of goods. 

6'^. — M. D. Wells & Co., Madison and Market streets, Chicago. 
Boots and Shoes. This old and extensive firm made a commendable 
display of boots and shoes in cases, of their own manufacture. The 
goods of this firm are well known to be of uniform grade, and man- 
ufactured -from the best stock, and have an immense sale throughout 
the west and southwest. 

69. — H. W. Wetherell, 45 and 47 Jackson street, Chicago. Mil- 
linery Goods, Trimmed Bonnets, etc. This house was established 
in 1855, and is one of the oldest in the" millinery line in Chicago, 
and the display made fully sustained their reputation, being one of 
the most elaborate and novel in the Exposition. Among the promi- 
nent features of their exhibition may be named some very fine French 
plumes, laces, ribbons, velvets, and notion goods, many of which 
were imported direct by the exhibitor. A further evidence of 
the superior quality and style of the goods emanating from this 
popular house was that, during the Exposition, they were absolutely 
compelled to dispose of several trimmed bonnets, forming part of 
their display, to strangers who did not reside in Chicago, and who, 
after having looked the great building with its immense contents care- 
fully over, fixed upon the goods of this exhibiior as those nearest 
their taste and opinion of what perfection should be. The display 
was one in every way creditable to the house, and for which the ex- 
hibitor is entitled to much credit. 

70. — A. A. WiswALL, 76 State street, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. 
One of the most elegant displays of fine boots and shoes in the 
Exposition was doubtless contained in the case of this exhibitor, 
whose specialty is fine goods for ladies' and gents' wear. His ladies' 
goods are manufactured by Hamilton, Pratt & Co., of New York, 
and were those exhibited. These goods are very popular, the widths 
being so finely graded that a perfect fit can always be obtained. The 
gents' goods shown were of a variety of styles, prominent among 
which was the " Prince Bismark," and "Alexis Tie." 

71. — Wilson Brothers, State and Washington streets, Chicago. 



THE EXHIBITORS. i6i 

Shirts and Mens' Furnishing Goods. One of the most elaborate 
displays in this line of goods was made by the above firm. A 
magnificent show case, manufactured by A. H. Andrews & Co., 
of Chicago, specially for the exhibitors, was composed of several 
kinds of fancy woods, elaborately carved, and cost $i,ooo. The 
contents were fully equal in quality, consisting of shirts, collars, 
cuffs, neck wear and furnishing goods generally. In addition to the 
articles already mentioned, were three other cases containing the 
finest of imported gents' underwear, comprising Scotch wool, Eng- 
lish merino, cashmere, and silk under garments of eight different 
weights. The display was most attractive, and one in every way 
worthy of the exhibitors. 

72. — John Wayte, 531 and 533 State street, Chicago. Fine 
Shirts, and Specimens of Laundry Goods. This exhibitor, who com- 
bines the laundry business with that of the manufacture of fine shirts, 
^displayed specimens of both branches of his business, which were 
highly commendable. The arrangement of his display was worthy 
of mention, and very creditable for its unique design. 

73. — Webber & Harkin, 109 Clark street, Chicago. The "Ber- 
lin" Shirt and Gents' Furnishing Goods. In this line of goods it 
would be impossible to find a more attractive display, or one that 
contained more actual merit, than that made by this firm. The shirts 
exhibited were the celebrated " Berlin," which for faultless fit, supe- 
riority of material and make are unexcelled. These goods were dis- 
played in an elegant case, flanked on either end by square plate glass 
cases, one containing a superb assortment of gents' silk scarfs, ties, 
etc., of every hue and style ; while in the other case was exhibited a 
gent's smoking jacket of black velvet, with blue quilted silk trim- 
mings. Over the cases mentioned was a tasty walnut frame bearing 
the name of the firm and the Berlin shirt, carved in walnut, with gold 
relief. In several smaller cases were shown gents' underwear, in 
silk, wool and merino, of imported goods. The entire display 
evinced excellent taste in its arrangement and a disregard of expense 
while the goods shown were of the superior quality for which the 
firm have become so justly popular. 

11 



1 62 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 



SECTION 9. 



P ortable Articles for Fishing, Hunting, and Encampment — Fire- Arms, Fishing 

Tackle, Traps, Tents, etc. 

I. — F. J. Abbey & Co., 43 South Clark street, Chicago. Guns, 
Fishing Tackle, and Sporting Goods. This firm made a fine display- 
in the above line, comprising a large variety of fine cutlery, revolv- 
ers, pistols, and every description of sportsmen's goods. The prin- 
cipal attraction of the exhibition being one of the F. J. Abbey 
patent breech-loading guns. ^These guns are highly endorsed as 
being the best breech-loading sporting gun made. The one shown 
was a gem, being a fine laminated steel double-barrel, with patent 
triple grip fastener. The stock was of the best English walnut, 
elaborately carved. This firm may be assured of having acquitted 
themselves with credit by the display made of their excellent goods. 

2. — Biggs, Spencer & Co., 335 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Cut- 
lery and Guns. The above line of goods were well represented 'by 
the old established house of these exhibitors, and the display made 
was especially attractive, comprising, as it did, specimens of the 
finest manufactures. The Florentine carved work on one muzzle- 
loading gun being unique, and the engraved locks and furniture on 
another representing the highest class of modern engraving on 
metal. Breech-loaders of all the various actions evidence the great 
advance in sporting arms within twenty years or so, the first breech- 
loading shot gun (then considered a useless novelty) being exhibited 
by Lefaucheux, of Paris, at the London Exhibition of all Nations 
in 185 1. A pair of laminated barrels, partly finished, showing the 
method of manufacture from the rough bar to the completed gun, 
attracted the attention of gun men. The cutlery and scissors were 
superb, and some of most exquisite finish, affording an opportunity 
for the comparison of French and English with the best American 
products. A curiosity was a case of scissors in the different stages 
of manufacture : First, the rod of fine steel ; then, the roughly 
forged blade ; the same, filed, tempered, polished, matched, and 
riveted ; and, lastly, the perfect scissors ready for use. Cases of 
fine pearl and ivory table cutlery, and fine penknives, from the tiny 
blade half an inch long to the large clasp-knife, were in profusion at 
the greatest possible variety of price. Suffice to say, that the ability 
of any house to carry such a supply of fine wares is evidence that 



THE EXHIBITORS. 163 

Chicago is an Empire city, commanding the trade and able to com- 
pete on equal terms with any sister city in the Union. 

3. — Joseph Butler & Co., 179 Madison street, Chicago. Breech- 
Loading Shot Guns, Fishing Tackle, etc. This old and well-known 
firm made a creditable display of their goods, prominent among 
which was a case of the celebrated breech-loading shot guns of their 
own manufacture. Also fishing tackle and sporting goods in great 
variety, shows the stock of the firm to be not only extensive, but 
comj^lete in all its details. A fine case of natural history was also 
shown by these exhibitors, containing some elegant specimens of fancy 
birds, game, and animals, which were well put up. 

4. — J. D. \V. Kelley & Bro., ^Z Madison street, Chicago. Base 
Ball and Sporting Goods. An attractive display was made by this 
firm of the above goods in great variety, comprising fine pocket cut- 
lery and skates, together with a large assortment of base ball, cricket 
and sporting goods, the latter articles being specialties of this house, 
by whom they are extensively dealt in. The exhibitors are the agents 
for Torry's patent weather strips, which have been so long before 
the public, samples of which were also shown. 

5. — Laflin & Rand Powder Company ; C. H. Vehmeyer, Agent, 
4 State street, Chicago. Samples of Kegs, Canisters, and different 
grades of Gunpowder, Safety Fuses, Electric Batteries, Exploders, 
etc. While the display made by this Company was one of practica- 
bility, and the above brief enumeration fully explains the nature of 
the goods shown, yet, nevertheless, a few 'facts regarding this immense 
Company may prove of interest, and are here given. These exhibitors 
are one of the largest manufacturers of gunpowder, not only in the 
United States, but in the world. Their principal office is at No. 21 
Park Row, New York, but they have branch offices in Philadelphia, 
Buffalo, Chicago, St. Louis, Dubuque, and other places, with agencies 
in nearly all our principal cities. Their organization is a consolida- 
tion into one corporation of four different companies which had pre- 
viously been more or less under the same ownership. Of their ten 
establishments for making powder, five are located at different points 
in the State of New York, three in Pennsylvania, one in Maryland, 
and one in Wisconsin. They own several manufactories for kegs, 
barrels, machinery, and similar appliances. Two of the largest are 
located in New York, one devoted entirely to the manufacturing of 
machinery for the different mills, the other to the preparation of 
metallic kegs and canisters. Each of their powder works is necessa- 



164 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

rily extensive, as the nature of the business requires it to be con- 
ducted in widely detached buildings, with, of course, separate motive 
power. On this account water is generally employed, and the extent 
of their business can be inferred from the fact that this Company 
keep over seventy water wheels in constant operation, although steam 
is employed in some places as being locally more economical. The 
transportation of powder is sometimes dangerous, and always expen- 
sive ; hence it is largely conducted in their own vessels or railroad 
cars, especially adapted to the purpose. Also, when finally brought 
to market, public safety requires that magazines be erected for its 
storage at all distributing points, the expense of which, with land 
sufficient to secure the building from molestation and the neighbor- 
hood from danger, of itself involves a large capital. Several of their 
works are employed exclusively upon gunpowder for use in fire arms. 
The one built in 1867 at Newburg, Orange county, N. Y., and still 
running, has given its name to the "Orange Rifle Powder," a title 
which will be recognized at once by those who have leisure for 
"dog and gun." This is the powder which, after fifteen months 
competitive trial between makers of this and other countries, was 
adopted by the Russian government, and is now used by them. 
Several other European countries have also been supplied by this 
Company. Contrary to the general idea, the demand for powder is 
far greater in peace than in war. The main business of the Laflin & 
Rand Powder Company is in supplying great engineering opera- 
tions with material especially adapted to their wants. The quality 
of powder required in mining bituminous coal, for instance, is very 
different from that which most economically removes the hard quartz 
work of silver mines. Moreover, the product of one is wanted 
in as large masses as possible, the other with the utmost comminu- 
tion. The working of a marble quarry for slabs, or the same lime- 
stone for burning, furnishes another familiar example. So, too, a 
single railway cutting can frequently employ to advantage a different 
grade of powder in the side hill, in the tunnel, and in its " approach." 
A noted contractor recently discharged, simultaneously, by means of 
this Company's electrical apparatus, some forty different blasts, with- 
in supporting distance of each other, which contained three different 
kinds of powder, and, on measuring, found his profits to be over 
$1,500 from the one explosion. The amount of money which can 
be saved by adapting means to ends in this matter will astonish those 
who have not investigated the subject. The question of explosives 



THE EXHIBITORS. 165 

is becoming a very practical one to engineers in this day of railroads. 
The great want is the most foot-pounds work for the fewest pennies. 
For years there have been more powerful substances than gunpowder, 
as the fulminates, nitro-glycerine, gun-cotton, and the like, but 
beyond the objection of danger from their generally unstable and 
sensitive character, is the insuperable one of cost^ and powder will be 
apt to hold its place until, relatively speaking, more gas can be bought 
for the price of saltpetre, or a cheaper base than charcoal be found. 
To meet this requirement has been the object of the Laflin & Rand 
Powder Company. They make it their business to inform every min- 
ing superintendent, engineer or contractor who applies to them, at 
once, of just what he requires for the work in hand, and then to keep 
him supplied at his place of operations, promptly and cheaply. How 
well they have succeeded can be seen by the marks of their powder 
" graven on the rocks " of all our great engineering triumphs, from 
the Erie canal to the Pacific railroad. 

6. — Charles Morris, 119 Randolph street, Chicago. Fire Works, 
etc. A display of the above goods was made by this exhibitor, of 
his own manufacture ; also, an oil-well torpedo, a valuable invention 
for sinking oil-wells. The goods of this house are classed equal in 
excellence to those made by any other establishment in the country. 

7. — Lieut. G. H. Palmer, i6th Infantry, U. S. A., Waukesha, 
Wis. Army Equipments. This exhibitor displayed a full set of 
army equipments, which, though occupying but a small space of the 
great building, were, nevertheless, singled out as objects of attrac- 
tion. The exhibitor undoubtedly has the thanks of many visitors, 
and from the rural districts particularly, for the opportunity afforded 
them to look upon 2i genuine set of equipments, which had, doubtless, 
caparisoned some steed in actual service ; at least so the force of 
imagination led many to believe. 

8. — E. Remington & Sons, Illion, Herkimer County, N. Y. 
Fire Arms. The goods of this renowned firm requires no words of 
commendation, as they have a reputation extending throughout this 
country and Europe, and are the most superior fire-arms manufac- 
tured. The display made consisted of specimens of every style of 
their celebrated guns, pistols and revolvers. The specialty of this 
firm exhibited was the " Remington " military breech-loading rifle, 
which has been adopted by ni7ie different governments, and is popu- 
larly known throughout the world. This rifle is unequaled for 



1 66 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

simplicity, strength and rapidity of fire, and as perfect an arm as 
was ever manufactured. 

9. — J. J. Whitehouse, 7 State street, Chicago. Dupont's Cele- 
brated Powder in Kegs. The manufacture of powder, in earlier 
days, by this firm, is invested with much romance, and now being the 
largest and most wealthy works of the kind in the world, a brief 
detailed account is here given : 

The use of gunpowder dates back many centuries ago. The first 
uses to which it was put was in the carnage of war, and it is only for 
the last two or three hundred years that it has been so generally 
applied as an assistant to mechanical labor. Now there is more 
powder used in railroading, mining and other mechanical arts than 
there is used in war. 

Eleuthere Irene Du Pont was the founder of the immense works 
known as the "Brandywine Powder Works," near Wilmington, Dela- 
ware. He was a native of France, and came to the United States 
in the latter part of 1799. ^^ landed in Newport, Rhode Island, in 
the commencement of the' year 1800. Having been a pupil of the 
celebrated French chemist, Cavoisier, who had charge of the 
" Bureaue de Poudres et Saltpetres," under the French government, 
and noticing the poor quality of the gunpowder made in this 
country, he resolved to engage in its manufacture. After some time 
spent in selecting a location, Mr. Du Pont commenced manufac- 
turing gunpowder at a point on the Brandywine Creek, about four 
miles above the town of Wilmington, in the State of Delaware. 
Here he prosecuted the business with such success that at the time 
of his death, which occurred in Philadelphia, in 1834, this establish- 
ment was the most extensive one of its kind in the United States, as 
it now is one of the largest and finest in the world. 

The original works, on the Brandywine, commenced operations in 
1802, and have a capacity for producing five thousand pounds of 
sporting powder per day. But the business increasing, from the 
reputation of the powder made by Mr. Du Pont, he was obliged to 
erect other buildings. In 181 2 was commenced the Middle or Hag- 
ley works, which comprise two complete sets of works, in one 
enclosure, under a fall of twenty two feet, so arranged that both can 
work on the same description of powder; or, if required, one set 
can manufacture one kind and the other set another kind of pow- 
der, the two combined having a capacity of twenty-five thousand 
pounds of blasting powder per day. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 167 

Since the decease of its founder, the business has been managed 
by his two sons and grandsons, who maintain the old firm style of 
E. J. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. The works of the firm have been 
largely increased since that time. They now comprise five complete 
manufactories, four of them on the Brandywine, and one in Lu- 
zerne county, Pennsylvania. In the latter, blasting powder for colliers' 
use is largely manufactured. In 1846, the firm commenced what is 
known as the lowei- works. They are under a fall of twelve feet, and 
have a capacity of five thousand pounds of sporting powder per day. 
The saltpetre refinery, with laboratory attached, is two hundred and 
fifty -eight feet, by ninety-six feet in area, with ample appliances 
for supplying all the nitre required for the manufacture of powder, 
and also considerable quantities for the market, for such purposes as 
require an article chemically pure. In proximity to the refinery are 
large warehouses for the storage of saltpetre. The charring houses, 
for the preparation of charcoal, three in number, are capable of 
furnishing all the coal required for the millsj the wood being stored 
and seasoned in extensive buildings adjacent. Attached to these 
works are extensive machine and millwright shops, where all repairs 
are made, and most of the machinery is built; also a saw-mill, plan- 
ing-mill, carpenter and blacksmith shops, and capacious buildings 
for the manufacture of wooden and metallic kegs and barrels, and of 
powder canisters. Railroad tracks are laid through the powder 
works, and the bulk of the transportation of the powder, in its various 
stages of manufacture, is done on cars drawn by horses or mules, of 
which this Company have about eighty. The high reputation so long 
maintained for the Brandywine Powder is due to the care bestowed 
on its manufacture, and to the constant supervision of the owners. 
The consumption of saltpetre, the principle ingredient in the manu- 
facture, has been in a single year, including the Luzerne county 
mills, over seven millions of pounds. ' 

In order to be used in the manufacture of gun powder, refined 
saltpetre should not contain more than i-3ooth of chlorides. To 
test this, dissolve 200 grains of saltpetre in the least possible 
quantity (say 1,000 grains) of tepid distilled water; pour on 
it 10 grains of a solution of nitrate of silver containing 20 grains of 
the nitrate, to 1,033 grains of water, that being the quantity required 
to decompose 200-3, oooths ^^ ^ grain of muriate of soda : filter the 
liquid and divide it into two portions — to one portion add a few 
drops of the solution of nitrate of silver ; if it remains clear, the 



i68 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

saltpetre does not contain more than 1-17,000 of muriate of soda — 
to the other portion add a small quantity of solution of muriate of 
soda; if it becomes clouded, the saltpetre contains less than i-3,oooth. 
By using the test liquor in small quantities, the exact proportion of 
muriate of soda may be ascertained; at the refinery of Paris it does 
not exceed i-i 8,000th of the saltpetre, and this degree of purity is 
attained also at the refinery of Messrs. Du Pont. Saltpetre for the 
best sporting powder is refined a second time, and contains not more 
than i-6o,oooth part of chlorides. 

The machinery in operation in these works is driven by three 
steam engines and forty-seven water-wheels, the majority of which 
are " Turbines." 

The manufacture embraces all descriptions of powder ; mammoth? 
cannon, mortar, musket and rifle, for army and navy ordnance service ; 
diamond grain, eagle, and the various grades of canister and sport- 
ing powders; shipping, blasting, mining and fuse powders. 
The production of these mills is principally consumed in the 
United States, they having agencies and magazines at all the most 
important points, with a principal depot for the Pacific States at San 
Francisco, and agencies in South America, and in the East and West 
Indies. Besides the powder-mills, the Company own over two 
thousand acres of land, that stretch for a distance of three miles on 
both sides of the stream ; and on this property there are three woolen 
mills, a cotton mill, merchants' and grist mill, and a population of 
nearly four thousand people. The farms attached to the works are 
in a high state of cultivation, and the roads are all macadamized for 
ease of transportation. The buildings are mostly of stone, and very 
substantial, and the machinery is the best that can be procured. 
The Company have two shipping points — one on the Delaware river, 
with magazines, and a wharf at which large vessels can lie ; the 
other on Christiana creek, with ample wharfage for coasters, and for 
landing coal^ wood, etc. A passenger railway has been established 
between the city of Wilmington and the property of the Messrs. Du 
Pont. To illustrate the progress which has been made in the manu- 
facture of powder in the United States, since the foundation of this 
firm in 1802, it is only necessary to recall the fact that during the 
Crimean war the Allies, to enable them to prosecute the siege of 
Sebastopol, were obliged to procure large supplies of gunpowder 
from the United States, fully one-half of which was furnished by the 
Brandywine powder mills, and that the American powder compared 



THE EXHIBITORS. 169 

favorably with the best they could procure in all Europe. The 
annual product of these mills is over half a million of kegs. Such 
is the reputation it has established that scarcely a foreigner of note 
that visits this country fails to see the works of the Brandywine 
powder mills. 



SECTION 10. 
Horse Equipments and Stable Furniture, Harness Work, Saddlery, etc. 

I.— L. C. Chase & Co., cor. State and Harrison streets, Chicago. 
Harness and Horse Furnishing Goods of every Description. A 
very attractive and highly commendable display was made by this 
well known house, comprising fine harness, and horse equipments of 
every kind. Perhaps but few business houses in the country are bet- 
ter or more favorably known to dealers in this line of goods, than that 
of L. C. Chase & Co., which was established in Boston, Mass., over 
a quarter of a century ago, where the head-quarters of the firm is still 
located. The western house, which is under the management of Mr. 
Ben. Lane, was located in Chicago some years ago to better meet 
the requirements of a large and constantly increasing demand for 
the goods of this firm in the west. Among the specimens of their 
manufacture displayed, were several elegant sets of fine track and car- 
riage harness, with gold and silver mountings ; a case of whips of extra 
quality, some being worth $100, and an extensive assortment of very 
superior lap robes may also be mentioned, together with buckles, 
reins, riding gloves, turf boots, ornaments for blinders of unique 
design, etc., which comprised the excellent exhibition made by this 
firm. In justice to the exhibitors, it must be said that all the goods 
comprising their immense display, were taken from regular stock, 
and not manufactured for show, the firm deeming that by so doing 
a fair representation would be given of what the goods made by them 
consisted of, and their regular quality. The exhibitors are entitled 
to great credit for the exhibition made, and its noticeable arrange- 
ment. 

2. — Daniel Eighme, 522 Park avenue, Chicago. A Shoemaker's 
Clamp. This necessary article, so extensively used, was shown by 
the exhibitor with valuable improvements. 

3. — S. L. Harrell, 45 State street, Chicago. The display made 
by this exhibitor was large, and consisted of saddlery hardware, 



lyo EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

blankets, rugs, mats, riding saddles," patent leather goods, enameled 
cloths, harness, tools, coach pads, horse brushes, nets, etc. The 
above goods were all from celebrated eastern manufacturers, for whom 
Mr. Harrell is wholesale agent for the west and south, having estab- 
lished an agency in Chicago. This agency has the exclusive sale in 
the west of goods manufactured by the following well-known firms, 
and from which the above named display was composed, viz : 

Olmsted & Jones, Syracuse, N. Y. ; Frazer & Burns, Syracuse, N. 
Y. ; Atha & Hughes, New York ; Wm. M. Welling & Co., do ; Rich- 
ard Allison, do ; E. Bartlett, do ; Wuesthoff, Wright & Kuenhold, 
Newark, N. J. ; H. Sauerbier & Sons, do ; Geo. Peters, do ; A. Buer- 
mann, do;. Ziegler & Otto, do; Oscar Barnett, do; Wilson Brothers, 
Milton, Penn. ; A. L. Bowman, Akron, Ohio; and many others. 

The display reflected much credit not only to the manufacturers, 
but to the agent also. 

4. — J. Herkimer, 607 West Lake street, Chicago. Whips, Har- 
ness and Harness Polish; also, Herkimer Patent Rein and Whip 
Holder. An ingenious little article for holding the reins and 
whip of a carriage. By its use it is impossible for the reins to ever 
get under the horses' feet. It can be fastened to the dash by a 
small clamp. The same is also adapted for a whip socket. 

5. — Murray & Baker, 100 South Desplaines street, Chicago. 
Black Oiled Canvas, Water-proof Horse and Wagon Covers. The 
above firm took a novel method of calling attention to their display. 
They exhibited a model of their place of business, with a number 
of teams at or near their office door, from which was suspended the 
" call " card of the American Express, whose wagon had answered 
the summons, and was backed at the door, both horses and wagons 
of all the miniature teams being covered with water-proof covers, 
representing that made by this well known firm, who also manufac- 
ture awnings, and, to represent the fact, the windows of the min- 
iature establishment were all protected by a fancy awning. This firm 
deserves credit for their novel display, by which attention was called 
to their wares and the usefulness of the same. 

6. — William Moreley, 641 Hubbard street, Chicago. Exhibited 
a variety of Saddlers' and Shoemakers' Stitching Horses, Clamps, 
Jacks, etc, of his own manufacture. 

7. — Ortmayer, Lewis & Co., 16 and 18 State street, Chicago. 
Exhibited a splendid display of Saddles, Whips, Lap Robes, Blankets, 
Horse Equipments and Turf Goods. Prominent among their goods. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 17 1 

was a light, cloth, Somerset side-saddle, finely quilted by machine, 
which was a superior piece of workmanship, and valued at Jioo. 
This firm also exhibited a full line of horse collars, housings, ankle 
boots, gig saddles, coach pads, etc. The display made by these 
exhibitors was very fine and composed of goods of their own manu- 
facture and those taken from regular stock. This firm have been 
established for nearly a quarter of a century, 

8. — S. R. Phillips & Son, 165 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Har- 
ness, Saddles and Horse Equipments. One of the most attractive 
exhibitions in the Exposition Building was made by this firm. To 
minutely describe the many elegant articles displayed in their line 
would occupy greater space than can be accorded, and hence brie^ 
mention must suffice. Among the attractions was a life-size wooden 
horse, a most suitable emblem of the firm's business. The article 
in question was a superb piece of workmanship, having been given 
all the semblance of the real animal by the artist, and, being capari- 
soned by an elegant set of harness and attached to a sulky, made 
the representation of the living animal more striking, for which it 
was, doubtless, taken by many. Of the display of this firm's goods 
but little need be said, as their reputation for fine work is renowned, 
and needs no comment. The stock used by this firm in their man- 
ufactory is the celebrated Moffat leather, and is considered the best 
in market, costing treble the amount of that ordinarily used by 
many first-class manufacturers. Among the most noticeable articles 
exhibited by this house was a set of coach harness, with gold 
mountings, valued at $500; also, several sets of fine single harness, 
ranging in price from $100 to $300. Also, some magnificent speci- 
mens of saddles, the finest on exhibition. Lap robes, whips and 
horse furnishing goods, in great variety, were profusely displayed, 
and the representation made by this firm was first-class in all its 
appointments, being of great credit to them, and sustaining their 
deserved reputation . of a representative house, which was estab- 
lished in Philadelphia thirty years ago, during all of which time 
they have occupied a position in the front rank and among the 
first-class houses of the country. The branch establishment in 
Chicago is under the immediate management of the junior member 
of the firm, Mr. A. J. Phillips. 

9. — Short & Brayton, 181 Madison street, Chicago. Harness 
and Saddlery Goods. A variety of specimens of fine track and 
carriage harness were shown by the exhibitors, which is their 



172 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

specialty; also, several elegant lap robes, plated harness mountings, 
whips, horse sheets, etc., an attractive feature being a full set of 
Mexican harness, including the inevitable lariet, which is always 
found at the saddle bow of a Mexican or frontiersman. The 
display of this firm was particularly fine, and arranged with com- 
mendable care. 

lo. — Ulbricht & Ross, (i2> West Monroe street, Chicago. Ex- 
hibited a case of Gamph's celebrated harness tools, for which they 
are agents, and a case of Ross' harness patterns, for which this firm 
have also the sole agency. 



DEPARTMENT "C." 

i^merals — CSeir ISaroug^t, <Kast, anti iBanuf actuate ^ro:: 
tiucts, Jtot Jnclutieti m HBepartment '^^V 

SECTION I. 

Collections and Specimens of Ores and Raw Metals — Gold^ Silver^ Copper^ Iron, 

Zinc, Tin, etc. 

I. — American Bureau of Mines, Chicago. W. C. McCarthy, 
Vice-President and Managing Director. A fine collection of Min- 
erals and Ores, embracing a specimen from every known mine in 
the world. 

2. — A. A. Armstrong, Morris, 111. Fossils and Geological Speci- 
mens. Four large cases were filled with all kinds of leaves, etc., 
the principal object in the collection being the fossil of a tree fifty- 
four feet in length, which was taken from a coal shaft thirty- five feet 
below the surface of the earth, the value of the collection shown, as 
stated by the owner, being from $6,000 to $8,000. 

3. — Atchinson, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. Collection of 
Minerals. 

4. — Burlington & Missouri Railroad Company. Collection of 
Minerals. 

5. — Colorado Industrial Association, Denver, Col. Ore of 
Precious Metals. 

6. — Iowa Railroad Land Company, Des Moines, Iowa. Collec- 
tion of Minerals. 



THE EXHIBITORS. ' 173 

7. — Kansas Pacific Railroad Company. Collection of Min- 
erals. 

8. — E. P., MouLTON, Jefferson County, East Tennessee. Speci- 
mens of Lead Ore. 

9. — Northern Pacific Railroad Company. Collection of 
Minerals. 

10. — W. S. Searls, Waukegan, 111. Specimens of Silver Ore. 
Fourteen specimens from Star district, Beaver county, Utah, taken 
from the mines of the exhibitor, which are owned and operated by 
him. The specimens shown were fair samples of the ores taken 
from these mines as now developed. 

II. — TuTTLE & GiRTY, Cleveland, Ohio. Block of Cannel Coal. 

12. — J. L. Tracey, St. Louis, Mo. Minerals from the St. Louis 
Industrial Exchange. 

13. — Waldron, Niblock & Co., foot of Kingsbury street, 
Chicago. Block of Indiana Soft Coal weighing 3,120 lbs., taken from 
the celebrated Coal-Bank Mines, Brazil, Ind., operated by Niblock, 
Zimmerman & Alexander. 



SECTION 2. 

Building and Paving Material — Stone (natural and artificial). Marbles, Cement, 
Brick, Terra Cotta, Tile, Slate, Coal, Gypsum, Salt, Petroleum, Asphaltum, 
Mixtures, Roofing Material, etc. 

I. — Brown Brothers, (Edwin Lee Brown, Successor and Pro- 
prietor,) cor. Clinton and Jackson streets, Chicago. Sidewalk and 
Vault Lights, Floor, Roof, and Vessels' Deck Lights. This exhibi- 
tion comprised Hyatt's patent " lead bund " and " cement " pris- 
matic vault lights, which are extensively and solely manufactured 
by this exhibitor, who does the largest business in this line of 
any house in the world. Some idea as to the extent of the business 
done in this line can be formed when the fact is known that during 
the year 1872 the cash outlay of the house of this exhibitor was 
one thousand dollars per day. 

2. — Chicago Stone Pipe Company, 172 LaSalle street, Chicago. 
Specimen pipe of their manufacture, of dimensions ranging from a 
few inches to several feet in diameter, the larger pipe being intended 
for culvert, sewerage, drainage, etc.; the smaller for chimney flues, 
chimney tops, and such water purposes and other service as requires 



174 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

an economical, durable and indestructible material. The pipe is 
made of a hard and very strong cement, based on a superior quality 
of fire sand, and the judgment of a large number of practical critics, 
who have given it a thorough examination, is decidedly in its favor 
as the very be'st pipe ever constructed for drainage, sewerage, and, 
the other purposes for which it is designed. An extensive manu- 
factory for turning out the pipe is in successful operation at Hyde 
Park. 

3. — Chicago Artificial Stone Company, 306-314 North Market 
street, Chicago. A collection of the material of this Company, 
comprising building stone, was exhibited, which consisted of window 
caps, etc. An archway, built of brick, trimmed by artificial stone 
caps and facings, was displayed, which fully showed the merits of 
this stone for building purposes. 

4. — Chicago Composition Granite Company, 163 Washington 
street, Chicago. Collection of Artificial Building Stone. This 
article is a composition of English Portland cement and gravel, 
which is more durable than sandstone, and is not affected in the 
least by fire. It is capable of being moulded in any desired shape, 
thereby enabling the architect to build far more ornamental build- 
ings without additional expense for ornamentation, and costs thirty- 
three per cent, less than any other stone used. Although of recent 
introduction in this country, the composition granite has been used in 
Europe for the i^d.'S.i fifty years with great success, and has been used 
in Chicago long enough to demonstrate its superiority and maintain 
the points of excellence claimed for it. Many of the most promi- 
nent buildings which adorn new Chicago are built of composition 
granite. The display made at the Exposition of this article showed 
a great variety of designs illustrating the utility of the composition 
granite. 

5. — Chicago Terra Cotta Company, office, State and Washing- 
ton streets, Chicago. E. Loring, President. A variety of specimens 
of this ware were exhibited, comprising ornamental figures, urns, 
vases, etc., together with samples of the ware designed for artists' 
and builders' purposes. It is commonly assumed that terra cotta is 
nothing more than baked clay, or baked clay and sand ; and, in fact, 
a large proportion of the terra cotta made use of is of no other 
character. To endure the severities of change in northern lati- 
tudes, terra-cottas hould be a hard, vitreous body of a peculiar char- 
acter, and to be useful as an architectural or garden ornament 



THE EXHIBITORS. i75 

material, it must be so prepared with burnt clay, dust, calcined flints, 
glass, and sand, as to make it retain its shape through all the pro- 
cesses of making and baking, as all clays are disposed to warp under 
the expansion and contraction of drying and burning. The propor- 
tions in which these materials are used is the secret of the manufac- 
turer, and the quality of the ware will differ according to this 
scientific knowledge. Some manufacturers wash the clay, grind the 
other materials, and knead the whole in a pugmill. Others dry the 
clay, grind all to powder, mix dry, and then knead by having men 
walk over the mixture as water is added, and finish by again kneading 
in a pugmill. This latter plan is the one adopted by the Chicago 
Terra Cotta Company and the largest European works, who always 
allow the clay to sour after mixing, which has the effect of making the 
terra cotta work stronger and more durable. Terra cotta clay of the 
consistency of dough is then pressed inside of plaster of Paris molds by 
hand to the desired thickness, and when somewhat hardened is taken 
out, the seams and rough places being smoothed by tools and 
brushes ; then carefully and thoroughly dried. When dry it is as 
safely handled as stone, and is then placed in the ovens and baked. 
The fires are made slow at first, gradually increased for fifty-six 
hours, then kept to the utmost heat for about sixty hours, or until 
the whole contents of the oven are heated to about 3,000° Fah. 
Cast iron melts at 2,700°, and iron placed in a terra cotta oven 
becomes a cinder that can be ground in the fiingers. The ovens of 
this Company, (circular in shape and patented,) are twelve feet in 
diameter inside, with walls three feet thick, and are heated by five 
furnaces. The fire has no direct action on the goods, therefore all 
the ware is equally burnt and of uniform color, for which all wares 
of this Company are particularly noticeable. 

6. — John W. Carpenter, Aberdeen, Scotland. By W. A Soyer 
& B. W. Hair, Agents for the northwest, 17 Palmer House, Chicago. 
Scotch Granite. The collection exhibited was from the famous quar- 
ries of J. W. Carpenter, near Aberdeen, in Scotland, and comprised 
a number of beautiful monuments, superbly finished.. Scotch gran- 
ite contains no iron ore, and, consequently, will not tarnish when 
exposed to atmospheric influences. American granite, on the con- 
trary, contains a considerable percentage of iron, and when exposed 
to the air its brilliancy will soon become dimmed and rust will appear. 
This is an important fact in reference to building valuable structures. 
Another important advantage presented by the Scotch granite is its 



176 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

superior density and its tensible force. The Scotch granite weighs 
192 pounds per cubic foot, or seven pounds more than the American, 
and while the stone found in the best American quarries will burst 
when exposed to extreme heat, that from Aberdeen will sustain the 
most trying ordeal which fire can produce. The beautiful Scotch 
granite columns used in the New England church in this city, and 
in the First National bank, before the fire, were absolutely uninjured, 
and their brilliancy undimmed, while the buildings themselves were 
in ruins. Specimens of this granite, as found in Scotland, exhibit 
the most brilliant natural polish, whose lustre, as shown by scientific 
investigation, has withstood the storms of 1,700 years. 

7. — George A. Frear, 199 Ellis avenue, Chicago. Manhattan 
Artificial Marbles and Frear Artificial Stone. The display consisted 
of various devices of artificial stone, including a handsome bay win- 
dow of same material. In Manhattan marble were shown mantles, 
monuments, counters, tiling, furniture tops, etc. The Manhattan is 
the only artificial marble manufactured, and contains the same ingre- 
dients as the natural article which is quarried out of the earth. It 
takes a polish that is, if anything, finer than the other, and is capa- 
ble of sustaining an equal amount of strain. It can be made into all 
shapes, and in imitation of all the celebrated articles, the colors being 
blended and veined in the thickness and depth of the material as in 
the natural marble, not being merely surface imitation, like graihings 
or the colors floated on enameled slate. It can be sawed, dressed, 
and finished equal to the finest and most costly material. It is in- 
finitely superior to all imitation marbles, and combines, with greater 
cheapness of production, the advantages of being harder, more man- 
ageable, and more easily applied. Of the Frear stone little need be 
said, as it has received the indorsement of architects and builders 
throughout the country, and, like Manhattan marble, will rank among 
the most valuable inventions of the age. 

8. — GowAN Marble Company, E. L. Gowan, President, 11 North 
Clark street, Chicago. Mantels, Monuments, and Statuary. A fine 
and imposing display was made by this Company, of articles in the 
above line, for which they are entitled to much credit. All the speci- 
mens shown were of fine quality, and in workmanship of superior 
style. The statuary shown was especially commendable, being exe- 
cuted in an artistic and able manner. 

9. — Edwin Robert Hall, 165 Washington street. Chicago. A 
Model Building composed of Hollow Tile. A building constructed 



THE EXHIBITORS. 177 

on the principles of this invention, it is claimed, cannot possibly take 
fire. The tiles all being hollow, make the walls, floors, ceilings, and 
roof dry, and exclude heat and cold, with great strength and econo- 
my of material, and reduced weight, which is 60 per cent, less than 
the ordinary brick arches, which admits of great reduction in weight 
of iron beams, thickness of walls and foundation, while ail moisture 
is absorbed from the exterior and carried off by the air circulating 
through the hollow tiles. The model house exhibited was construct- 
ed upon the above plan, broken surfaces admitting of the entire con- 
struction being seen at a glance. This appears to be a valuable 
invention, and one which is meeting with much favor in new Chicago, 
being adopted by many notable buildings recently erected. 

10. — H. W. Johns, 76 William street, N. Y., Kirkwood & Dunk- 
lee, Agents, Canal and Harrison streets, Chicago. Asbestos Roofing. 
A miniature house was exhibited, covered by Johns' renowned asbes- 
tos roofing. This roofing is a substantial and reliable material which 
can be applied without the aid of skilled workmen, and can be safely 
used in the place of tin, etc., on steep or flat roofs in all climates. It 
is entirely different from any other, and consists of a strong canvas, 
an asbestos-coated felt, and a manilla lining, with intermediate layers 
of an acid and waterproof composition, combined into a firm, com- 
pact material, resembling leather, which, in strength, uniformity, and 
durability, is superior to any other portable or composition roofing 
in use. It is fastened with roofing nails, no strips or tin caps being 
required, and is finished on the roof with the asbestos roof coating 
described. This roofing has been thoroughly tested, is endorsed 
by well-known and reliable authorities, and is now in use on 
thousands of buildings, in all parts of the country, and is particular- 
ly valuable for roofs of railroad buildings and bridges, and for man- 
ufactories, warehouses, etc., which are exposed to danger of fire from 
burning sparks and cinders. It can be more easily and cheaply 
transported and applied than any other roofing in use. The material 
constitutes one of unusual merit, much superior to any of the class 
previously brought to notice, and worthy of trial by those who 
desire a durable, easily applied, comparatively inexpensive, and safe 
roofing, the material having, in addition to the other merits claimed 
for it, that of being practically fireproof. 

II.— James John, 457 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Fire-Proof 
Construction. The best possible mode of rendering structures thor- 
oughly proof against the fiery element seems to be engrossing the 
12 



178 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

public mind in Chicago to a considerable extent, numerous inven- 
tions having been recently introduced, each claiming a fire-proof 
superiority over the other. After a careful and practical examination 
of the many so-called fire-proof mediums exhibited, and the forming 
of an impartial opinion upon the merits of the same, it would seem 
that the invention of this exhibitor is entitled to favorable consider- 
ation for its actual fire-proof superiority and the apparent feasibility 
of its being fully able to prove practically in case of emergency all 
that has been claimed for it by theory. The invention is afire-proof 
construction as applied to wood joist. It is, proposing the floor 
shall be constructed of wood joist, say, for example, 3x12, placed 
twelve inches from centers, (bridging as ordinarily used to be dis- 
pensed with,) cross-furred with 1/^ furring placed twelve inches 
from centers. It is now proposed to make this floor more fire-proof 
than if constructed of iron beams and brick arches, in the following 
manner: By filling in between the furring strips with a mortar 
gauged with plaster or cement ; cement to this a course of hollow 
boxes, made of plaster of Paris, six inches high, or one-half the 
depth of the joist, and in width one and one-quarter inches less 
than the space between joist; these hollow boxes being placed in 
center of space, leaves five-eighths on either side ; then place in a 
second course of boxes, inverted, breaking joints with the lower 
ones ; these boxes in position, a liquid concrete is run into the 
space between joist and boxes until full to top surface of joist ; a 
strip ixi inch is nailed on top of joist; then an additional concrete 
of coarse material is put in between said inch strips and struck off 
even with their top surface; it is now (when dry) ready to receive 
the floor ; to the furring underneath is now nailed a wood strip one- 
half inch in width by one-quarter inch in thickness ; strands of wire 
are now drawn tightly across these strips, two inches apart ; a piece 
of corrugated sheet iron, five-eighths of an inch wide, is then nailed 
over the strands of wire to each wood strip attached to furring ; it is 
then ready to receive the plastering, which is held firmly in position 
by the wire. A floor of wood joist protected in this way would be 
no more liable to burn than if they were set on the ground and filled 
in solid between with a concrete. In case of fire there would not 
be any expansion from heat. This method of protecting wood joist 
was patented Nov. 25, 1873, by the exhibitor. The expense of a 
floor so constructed is about one-fifth that of an iron construction. 
1 2 . — R. L. LuNDY & Son, Butler and Thirty-second street, Chicago, 



\ 



THE EXHIBITORS. 179 

Exhibited specimens of Fire and Stove Brick as manufactured by 
them. 

13. — Albert W. M. Maas, 49 North Clark street, Chicago. Model 
of Patent Brick Kiln. This highly valuable patent is of recent date, 
having been issued May 13, 1873, and being something entirely new 
and novel in its peculiarities, a full description is here given, which 
is quite interesting. 

The model shows a kiln of fourteen compartments, which can be 
operated in the following manner as two separate kilns; the com- 
partments from A to G, inclusive, represent or constitute one kiln, 
and the compartments from H to O, inclusive, constituting the other, 
the two kilns being separated by the sliding doors X and X'; but by 
changing the doors in the order indicated by the letters, the opera- 
tion of burning can be carried from one compartment to the next, and 
so on around the circle. To make it more clear, suppose that the 
fire is in the compartments D and L, and the compartments E F 
and M N are filled with green brick, which can be heated by the 
waste-gases from D and L to drive off the " water-smoke," the gases 
finding exit through the channels/" and n into the smoke-chamber P, 
and thence through the flues into the smoke-stack, the channels 0^ a, b, 
<r, d^ e and g of the one kiln, and g^ h, /, k^ I and m of the other kiln being 
closed. The compartments A and H are being emptied of their burned 
and cooled bricks while the compartments B C and I K are filled with 
burned bricks cooling off, through which the air coming from the 
compartnrients A and H, and going to the fire compartments passes, 
which cools off the brick and saving otherwise wasted heat by heat- 
ing the air going to the burning kilns. The compartments G and O 
are being filled with green brick, and when this is done the slide- 
door X is moved to o and the door X' to q. The covers v in the 
smoke-chamber over the channels o and g are now opened and over 
/and n closed, when the next compartments are in order and ready 
for firing. All the doors T and fuel-holes z/, except in such compart- 
m.ents as are being emptied, should be closed. In this manner the 
process of burning may be kept up continuously in two compart- 
ments with great economy in fuel and time. 

In this kiln can be used any material, as coal-dust, etc., with a 
saving of 2^ on cost of burning material. This kiln appears to be 
superior to any ever invented, and should have the consideration of 
brick manufacturers it deservedly merits. 

14. — Northwestern Marble & Granite Co., 147-151 Jeffer- 



i8o " EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

son street, Chicago, ^[arble Monuments, Tomb Stones and Statuar)^ 
This Company exhibited some really fine specimens of the above 
line of goods, executed in their usual commendable style of work- 
manship. The monuments and tomb stones appeared to be the 
specialty of the Company, while but a small showing Avas made of 
statuary, and that not so well executed as to be properly called 
artistic productions, 

15. — Smith, Clement & Co., 119 Dearborn street, Chicago. 
Challenge Fire and Water-Proof Roofing. This roofing is formed 
upon scientific principles, 3.nd has withstood the severest tests of 
heat and cold. The base of its composition is Trinidad asphalt. 
Time does not affect this roofing, and no acid will act upon it. It 
is two-thirds lighter than tar and gravel, and its superior durability 
is a strong advantage, besides having the endorsements of eminent 
chemists, by whom it is pronounced indestructible by the elements. 
This roofing has been adopted by the Chicago Board of Under- 
writers as a standard roofing equal to slate, tile or metal, and can 
be manufactured at half their cost. This roofing is undoubtedly a 
valuable invention, and one deserving popular favor, as its superi- 
ority has been fully demonstrated. 

16.— F. W. Smith & Co., 941 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Marble 
Mantels, Tiling, etc. A very attractive display was made of the 
products of this Company, comprising a variety of various kinds of 
marble designed for mantels and floor tiling; marble for the latter 
use being made a specialty. The specimens shown consisted of 
Brandon statuary, central Vermont variegated, Champlain and 
Moriah marbles; the latter being celebrated for its desirability for 
mantels and furniture uses, from its peculiarly beautiful color, and 
also that neither oil, soap or ink will discolor its highly polished sur- 
face. The firm of the exhibitors are a branch of the Burlington 
Manufacturing Company, of Burlington, Vt., which is duly incorpo- 
rated by an act of the Vermont legislature. This Company are 
among the largest marble manufacturers in the country, having 
several mills, one of which is located at Burlington and another at 
Brandon, Vt. At the former mill is employed over one hundred 
hands, running sixteen gang saws, the tile department alone having 
capacity to cut and finish seven hundred and fifty feet of twelve inch 
tile per day. These mills have the improved facilities for taking 
marble from the quarries in the rough block and finishing it to any 
desirable form. The specimens exhibited were finely finished, and 
the material of a good quality. 



\ 



THE EXHIBITORS. i8t 

17. — John Stockinger, 112 Bushnell street, Chicago. Marble 
Vase and Tomb Stone. The former article being finely executed in 
artistic style. The tomb stone exhibited contained the greatest won- 
der ever recorded in the annals of naitional history. In the grain of 
the marble was a human face, the features of which were of the Gre- 
cian type. It was accidentally discovered by the workman in pol- 
ishing the stone. This wonderful freak of nature was plainly visible 
to the naked eye, but by aid of a glass it was brought out with per- 
fect distinctness. It need not be said that the display of this exhib- 
itor was, perhaps, the most attractive one of the entire Exposition. 

18. — Samuel Smith, Mattoon, 111. Exhibited a specimen of Fire 
Proof Roofing, patented by him. 

19. — Andrew P. Teel, 188 East Madison street, Chicago. Roof- 
ing Slate. The slate exhibited was the best quality of roofing slate, 
from F. W. Leinbach & Co., of Bethlehem, Pa., miners acid shippers, 
for whom Mr. Teel is the Western ao;ent. 

20. — The Northwestern Gas and Water Pipe Company, Bay 
City, Mich. Ofiice, Room 16, 145 LaSalle street. Wooden Gas 
and Water Pipe. This pipe is constructed after the Wyckofif patent. 
It is bound with iron and coated with asphaltum and tar on the out- 
side, and in case of the gas pipe, inside also. In this way are secured 
strength, durability and cheapness. It is more than a fit substitute 
for iron for conveying gas and water. It is heartily commended, and 
is worthy the attention of city authorities, gas companies, etc. At 
the Cincinnati Exposition this pipe was awarded the first degree of 
merit, and was worthy of a gold medal. 

21. — The Schuremann & Hand Mantel Company, cor. Michi- 
gan avenue and VanBuren street, Chicago. Marble Mantels, Grates 
and Statuary. The display made by this Company was unexception- 
able, the specimens shown of their productions being not only the 
finest on exhibition, but would bear most favorable comparison with 
any goods maufactured in this country or Europe. All the marble 
used by these exhibitors is imported by them direct from Italy, under 
the supervision of Mr. L. W, Volk, who is the Company's sculptor, 
and long a resident of that country; hence a thoroughly competent 
judge of the qualities used. Among the attractive features of their 
display, were specimens of various kinds of Italian marble, compris- 
ing the celebrated Sarancholin, Brocatelle, Verd, and Gem of the 
Alps marbles, all of which are used extensively by them. The spe- 
cialties of the exhibitors being Italian marble, Scotch and American 



1 82 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

granite, moniimeDts and statuary, floor tiling, and all kinds of mar- 
ble work. This Company is among the largest importers, manufac- 
turers and wholesale dealers in its line in the United States, and 
whose pfoductions also include marble, slate and iron mantels, and 
enameled grates. The Company is regularly organized, having a 
paid up stock, and is officered by some of the most practical men in 
the marble line to be found in the country, and by whose marked 
ability the Company has reached the exalted position of perfection 
which it at present occupies. This fact entitles the officers of the 
exhibitors' Company to favorable mention, and the recording of their 
names in this volume. S. Hand, Esq., a man well known in the 
business circles of Cincinnati, O., is President, while J. L. Schure- 
mann is Vice-president and Treasurer. To these two, from whom 
the Company derives its name, it is indebted for the infusion of that 
business lik-e energy, which has characterized all its business trans- 
actions. S. B. Vowell, the General Superintendent, is a man of 
practical ability, and under whose superintendence all the produc- 
tions of the Company are manufactured. William H. DeCamp occu- 
pies the arduoirs position of Secretary, and by whom the workings 
of the immense Company are kept in running order. 

22. — United States Plaster Casting Company, 191 Randolph 
street, Chicago. Specimens of Plaster Casting. This display con- 
sisted of specimens of plaster castings which are constructed in 
blocks two feet square by about six inches in thickness. These 
castings are hollow, and are used in building the same as ordinary 
bricks are used. The invention is claimed to possess fire-proof 
qualities, and is largely in use in Chicago, but no record is at hand 
of its ever having practically demonstrated its superiority in point of 
fire-proof excellence, although it appears equal to any test that may 
be imposed upon it. 

23. — Timothy Wright & Co., 17 Portland Block, Chicago. Ex- 
hibited specimens of Artificial Sand Stone made by Mr. Ransome's 
patent. Stones made by this process are not concretes, i.e.^ mixtures 
of sand and cement, but they are real stones., their ingredients chem- 
ically united, as in nature, by silicate of lime, and therefore indes- 
tructible. The latest patent stone made by this firm is called 
" Apoenite," samples of which were also exhibited. This stone is de- 
signed for bridges, wharfs, piers, and all marine work ; also, side- 
walks, steps, tiles, mantels, etc. Its artificial character in imitations 
of granite, marbles, porphyry, etc., cannot be detected, because it is 



THE EXHIBITORS. 



a crystalline stone. The stone capping around the grand fountain in 
the Exposition building was composed of Ransome sand stone. 



SECTION 3. 

. Wrought and Cast Work from the Useful Metals — Printing and Card Presses, 
Builders' Hardware, Edge Tools for Carpenters, yoiners. Coopers, etc,. Safes, 
Locks, Scales, Bells, Copper, Brass and Tin-wares, Stoves, Furnaces, Wire-work, 
Ornamental Castings, Fences, Gates, etc. 

I. — Robert Atchinson & Co., 23, 25 and 27 North Jefferson 
street, Chicago. Perforated Sheet Metals, Mill Furnishing Goods, 
etc. The sheet metals exhibited are perforated to be available for 
screening purposes, and are said to be far superior to wire-cloth, as 
they will not rust or tear. The specimens shown were intended for 
screens to be used in screening corn, barley, oats, small seeds, wheat, 
etc., the perforations being graded to suit the size of articles to be 
screened. It is an invention of decided merit. 

2. — H. W. Austin & Co., 221 and 223 South Water street, Chica- 
go. Pumps, Corn Shellers, etc. A large display was made by this 
firm, consisting of a general variety of all kinds of pumps, corn 
shellers, cider mills, and church bells. The exhibition was attractive 
and the class of goods shown was excellent. 

3. — American Sheet and Boiler Plate Co., 99 and loi Water 
street, Cleveland, O. Steel, Iron, and Metallic Tiles. This Compa- 
ny made a good showing of boiler plate, steel, galvanized sheet iron, 
bar iron, corrugated iron, and metallic tiles. 

4. — American Steam Safe Co., 51 and 53 Sudbury street, Bos- 
ton, Hanscome & Glover, Agents, 60 South Canal street, Chicago. 
Safes. Four of the improved steam fire-proof safes made by this 
Company were on exhibition, and were evidently placed there on 
their merits alone, no ornamentation apparently being deemed 
necessary to make them attractive. These safes are built with ex- 
tra heavy walls, filled with concrete, and in addition to this pro- 
tection they have a lining, or jacket, of prepared water, contained 
in substantial copper vessels, which extend completely around the 
book-case. These copper vessels, or boxes, have a double return 
tube, so arranged as to prevent loss of water in case of overturning 
or falling of the safe. To prevent the premature evaporation of the 
water, and consequent dampness in the safe, the return tubes are 



184 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

hermetically sealed with a fusible bismuth solder, which melts at i8o°j 
thus allowing the escape from the vessels of the steam that is gene- 
rated from the water at 212°. Between the outer concrete fire-proof 
filling and the water is an air space. This space also forms a sepa- 
ration in the iron flanges of the door and jamb of the safe, called a 
"patent heat cut-off," or "dead air space," to prevent the heat from 
directly communicating with the inside of the safe. It is claimed 
that when these safes are exposed to a fire, and the heat has penetra- 
ted through the outside filling (which is theburning-uppoint of other 
safes) the " dead air space " in the steam safe is just coming into 
play to prevent the too rapid evaporation of the water. The steam 
thus generated, immediately pervades all parts of the safe, and main- 
tains in the hottest fires an even low temperature of 212°, which only 
water will give. Besides the fire-proof qualities described, it is also 
claimed that the massive welded steel and iron walls, etc., and Da- 
mon's detachable bolt arrangement, and unpickable locks, bid defi- 
ance to burglars, thus making these safes both fire and burglar-proof 
beyond a doubt. . 

5. — Brayton., King & Co., 121 Michigan avenue, Chicago. The 
celebrated Goodenough Horse Shoe. Of this article too much can- 
not be said, audit is a matter of sincere congratulation to owners of 
horses that the best method of adapting iron to the foot of the horse 
has at last been practically illustrated by Mr. Goodenough, the 
inventor, through the above exhibitors. In adopting this method, its 
superiority over all heretofore known systems of shoeing the horse 
is shown by the allowing of the frog to strike the ground, and thereby 
absorb moisture and impart life and health to the hoof and expand 
the heels. In the old system of shoeing, the pounding comes on the 
most sensitive part of the horse's foot, viz., on the heel-calks. This 
keeps the frog above the ground, causing dry, feverish and contracted 
feet, quarter-cracks and corns. The not allowing of an easy and nat- 
ural movement to the horse, or an easy bearing, or giving no support 
to the center of the hoof, its greatest strength, is not only destructive 
to the hoof, but decided cruelty to the noble brute, as it not only 
compells him to draw a heavy load on these calks, and does not pre- 
vent his slipping, but the result is springing the knees, interfering, 
contracted feet, and crooked joints, and the result is, the horse is 
^' turned out " as useless, to grow the new frog and impart new life to 
the foot. If the Goodenough shoe is not all that is represented, why 
are the shoes always removed from the horse when he is " turned out" 



THE EXHIBITORS. 185 

but for the express reason of imparting new life to the hoof and joints ? 
The Goodenough shoe prevents destruction to the hoofs, and keeps 
sound feet during the natural life of a horse, and restores the feet to 
natural soundness. This shoe has been used long enough by car and 
stage lines to fully demonstrate its great superiority over all others, 
and it is to be hoped that, not only for the sake of economy, but the 
saving of valuable horses, who are otherwise prematurely "used up," 
this shoe may be universally adopted. 

6. — J. S. Bassett & Co, 113 Clark street, Chicago. Crystal Chan- 
deliers and Gas Fixtures. Among the many who had elegant goods 
upon exhibition, none were more worthy of note than the rich and 
costly chandeliers of this exhibitor. Among the collection was an 
elaborate chandelier designed for the drawing room of the Potter 
Palmer Hotel. It was ornamented by life-like representations of 
game, finished in light green, which, in contrast to the dark real 
bronze, presented a beautiful appearance. The display made by this 
firm of crystal chandeliers was as fine as ever made at any exposition 
in this country, and among this collection was particularly notice- 
able a chandelier designed for the new Tremont House, and 
undoubtedly as fine a piece of workmanship as ever came to Chicago. 
It was a massive 24-light chandelier, with large figure in center, and 
much admired by all. Among the novelties presented by this firm, 
was the new slide chandelier, patented by the Archer & Pancoast 
Manufacturing Company of New York, which is undoubtedly des- 
tined to supercede all the slides which have heretofore been in use. 
It is unlike many of the old slides, and is neat in appearance- and 
works much easier. It is supported by two wire cords attached to a 
spring in the body of the chandelier, making it simple and durable. 
These slides, were exhibited in a great variety of styles, of real and 
imitation bronzes, gilt, crystal, etc. This exhibition also included 
some elegant statues in bronze, church fixtures, etc., and was one of 
the most prominent attractions of the Exposition. 

7; — C. A. Blomyuist, LaPorte, Ind. T Rail Fastener. This 
article is a most important one to insure the safety of railway pas- 
sengers. Many of the fearful accidents that are recorded occur 
from "broken rails," so called, but the actual cause is that the con- 
stant travel of the many trains work the nuts loose from the joints, 
thereby allowing the joint that held the two ends of the track in 
place to fall off, and the track being left unfastened must necessarily 
come apart the first train which passes over it, and a fearful loss of 



EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

life is the result. The " fastener " exhibited is an article which, applied 
to railroad joints, always keeps them in place and secure. It is a 
simple contrivance, being a small pin of iron which fits over the nuts 
of the joint in the form of aT, and by which perfect security is had for 
all time thereafter so far as any accidents resulting from the cause 
already stated. This exhibitor is entitled to the greatest credit 
for his invention in the article shown. 

8. — Brown & VanArsdale Manufacturing Co., 28 Kingsbury 
street, Chicago. Tinsmiths' and Machinists' Tools. A large assort- 
ment of this Company's productions were displayed, among the most 
prominent of which may be named the self-centering hub-ream- 
ing machine, lifting jack, seamless thimble skeins, fire benders, B. S. 
drills. Tuyere irons, tire shrinkers, etc. This Company are also the 
manufacturers of the celebrated " Silver Polish " sad irons, which 
were also exhibited. The display of this firm was highly creditable. 

9. — William Blair & Co., 172-178 Lake street, Chicago. Clothes 
Wringers and Washers. It is to be regretted that the only display 
that can be recorded as being made by this immense business house 
(one of the largest in the northwest) was an assortment of the 
improved Universal clothes wringers and Doty's improved clothes 
washer, both of which articles are strictly first class, and have so 
''long been before the public that their many excellent qualities are 
so well known as to need no repetition of them here. It is to be 
hoped that another Exposition will not pass without this justly cele- 
brated firm's availing themselves of suitable space, and making a 
display commensurate with their capabilities. 

10. — Burdett, Smith & Co., 538 Clark street, Chicago. Stoves. 
This well known firm of stove manufacturers exhibited several styles 
of cook and parlor stoves, among which collection was found the 
celebrated soft coal base burner, "Dubuque." This stove is the 
greatest heater in the market, and is acknowledged by all to be the 
very best base burning and base heating stove yet produced. It has 
been thoroughly tested, and its operation is perfect in every respect 
with the poorest coal found in the west. It is all cast iron, simple 
in its construction, and a perfect gas and snioke burner. The " Du- 
buque " is entirely new, elegant in all its appointments, and cannot 
help meeting the approbation of all. It is claimed that this stove 
will not average one-sixth the amount of fuel as that consumed by 
other stoves. In fact this stove seems perfection in every respect, 
and its good qualities might be here enumerated until this entire vol- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 187 

ume would be occupied ; suffice to say the manufacturers are to be 
congratulated upon the great state of perfection their efforts have 
brought the " Dubuque " to, while the public are likewise fortunate 
in being able to obtain a stove which will give such satisfaction as 
the " Dubuque " seems capable of doing. 

II. — Brooks & Baker, Columbus, O., W. G. Baker, General 
Agent, 143 Monroe street, Chicago. Hollow Ware. Specimens of 
enameled and plain hollow ware castings, which were commendable 
for smoothness and utility. 

12. — Brintnall, Terry & Belden, 175 and 177 Lake street, 
Chicago, made an imposing display of General Hardware, Cutlery, 
and Agricultural Implements. Also a large variety of tin plate and 
tinner's stock. The arrangement of the exhibition was carefully 
done, and very attractive. 

13. — Bliss & Brjwn, 82 Lake street, Chicago. Exhibited Boying- 
ton's Furnaces, Ranges, and Stoves. Also the Tuttle & Bailey 
Manufacturing Company's registers and ventilators, all of which arti- 
cles are well known to the trade. 

14. — L. A. Beebe, 741 North Wells street, Chicago. Radiating 
Iron Furnace. The display of this exhibitor was composed of sev- 
eral sizes of Beebe's double radiating wrought iron furnaces, which, 
for their heating qualities, are possessed of many points of excel- 
lence. 

15. — Ballard, Fast & Co., 60 Lake street, Chicago. Saws, etc. 
Upon a dead black background was displayed saws of every descrip- 
tion, comprising circular, cross-cut, and mill saws. The effect of this 
display was particularly fine, as the contrast of the bright, polished 
blades with the black background was excellent, and showed off the 
wares to a decided advantage. A case of pocket cutlery was also 
exhibited, in which collection was a knife of 120 blades. 

16. — Bangs Bros., cor. State and Van Buren streets, Chicago. 
Stoves, Ranges, and Furnaces. This firm exhibited Barstow's dome 
furnace, for hard or soft coal ; Barstow's brick set cooking range ; 
stoves and ranges manufactured by the Richmond Stove Company, 
Norwich, Conn.; and James Spear & Co.'s anti-clinker, hot-base, 
self-feeding revolving light of 1872. The striking peculiarity of the 
Barstow cooking range consisted in the arrangement of the ovens. The 
lower oven stands upon the boiler plate, directly in rear of the fire. 
This oven, formed of cast iron, is readily heated, and, being ventil- 
ated, is an excellent roasting oven. The upper and much the larger 



1 88 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

oven, and directly above the one first named, is as readily heated as 
the other. The Barstow dome furnace is intended for heating 
churches, dwellings stores, halls, school-houses, etc. The princi- 
pal point of excellence of the Spear revolving light stove is, that it 
removes the ashes and clinkers from the fire-pot without dropping 
the fire out. This stove is also supplied with a patent damper at 
the smoke pipe, and the mica windows are placed in a revolving 
cylinder, by which means they can be closed while the fire is being 
kindled, and after the coal is ignited the cylinder can be removed, 
throwing the windows open — entirely free from smoke — and pre- 
senting a perfectly bright and clear light from both above and below 
the fire. 

17. — Barker & Jackson, 115 and 117 Eighteenth street, Chicago. 
Champion Radiating Heater. This firm, while dealing extensively 
in stoves, etc., was only represented by the above heater, which is the 
specialty of their house. The construction of this furnace is such 
as to afford economy of fuel, and to produce heating power in the 
coldest weather, without over-heating any particular part, the surface 
being of sufficiently large proportions for the heat to radiate equally 
over its entire extent. The fire pot, which is the seat of power, is 
proportioned to each size of furnace, very large, and extra heavy, 
corrugated and globular shape, projections all around its sides, thus 
carrying the heat out where the air can reach it, and producing a 
healthy temperature. The radiating drum is a perfect dome of 
space for radiation around its ample surface, and from this returning 
down the fifteen outside radiating flues, to the circular drum around 
the fire-pot. The outside tubes have a double object : one is to 
diffuse the heat as it returns all round the outside, and comes in con- 
tact with the air as it ascends to be heated; the other object is to 
form a regular return flue, which prevents the heat from passing 
directly through the smoke pipe to the chimney. The lower part of 
the circular drum is met by the air first, so that the heat returning 
down to that part of the radiator gives the benefit of that heat 
towards heating the air, before it is allowed to escape to the chim- 
ney. The smoke pipe is situated so as to facilitate access to the 
damper, while the dust that collects can be removed, with little 
trouble, by means of a plate fixed at the bottom. A similar contriv- 
ance is placed at the opposite side for the purpose of cleaning out 
that side of the flue to the furnace. The vapor pan is so situated 
that it can be easily reached and filled without the aid of a step- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 189 

ladder. The pan in this new heater is placed immediately under the 
bottom of the radiator, producing an equal evaporation all round, 
and mingling with the ascending air which passes through the fur- 
nace, so as to give a more thorough distribution, and prevent the air 
from becoming too dry. 

18, — Chicago Plate and Bar Mill Co., J, M. Ayer, President, 
132 Dearborn street, Chicago. Plates and Sheet Iron. This Com- 
pany exhibited specimens of sheet, boiler and plate iron which evinced 
good workmanship in the finishing. No specimen of galvanized iron 
was exhibited, although the Company have lately added to their es- 
tablishment facilities for its manufacture. The display made was 
not so large as it should have been, as this Company j-ank among 
Chicago's principal manufacturers, and whose annual productions ex- 
ceed half a million dollars. 

19. — R. B. Carsley & Co., I Arcade court, Chicago, exhibited 
the Buffalo embossing press, geometrical check protector, etc., the 
whole contained in a fine walnut case, and presented a creditable 
attraction. 

20. — Chicago Vice and Tool Co., 149-153 Fulton street, Chicago. 
Anvils, Vices and Tools manufactured by this Company, and very 
neatly arranged upon a dead black background, which contrasted 
well with the polished surfaces of the goods displayed. 

21. — H. Cribben, 157 East Kinzie street, Chicago. Parlor and 
Cook Stoves. Among the collection of stoves exhibited in this at- 
tractive display was the Michigan base burning and heating parlor 
stove, made by the Detroit Stove Works, at Detroit, Mich., which for 
beauty of design and perfection in mounting is seldom equaled by 
any stove, every joint being perfect. The superior qualities of the 
" Michigan" consist in the magazine being so arranged that all gases 
generated in the same are carried back into the combustion chamber 
and consumed, thus preventing explosion or escape of gas and utiliz- 
ing all the combustible products of the coal. The gas ring is con- 
structed in a manner to supply the fire with heated oxygen in proper 
quantities to facilitate the combustion of the gases arising from the 
burning coal. The grate is supported at four points, thus prevented 
from sagging down under the weight of coal when heated, and is so 
arranged that it can be cleared from clinker by partially dumping 
the grate with the lock-bar, and returned to its position at leisure. 
The flues are very large, and the bottom, is double to the outside 
edge of the stove. The fire-pot is of iron and very heavy, and will 



1 90 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

not produce clinker. An assortment of ground hollow ware was also 
shown by this exhibitor. 

22. — Chicago Shot Tower Company and Lead and Oil 
Works, cor. Clinton and Fulton streets, Chicago. Improved Shot of 
all sizes. The shot of this Company is said to be unsurpassed in 
roundness, solidity, perfection of polish, uniformity of size, and 
accuracy of weight. In addition to the shot exhibited, an attractive 
display was also made of sheet, bar, and pig lead, lead pipe, raw and 
boiled linseed oil. The samples of this Company's oil exhibited 
proves its claims for superiority to be well founded, not only being 
perfectly pure, but, as it is thoroughly boiled, a uniformity of color 
is thus obtained, as well as superior drying qualities. The works of 
this Company are marvelous in their magnitude and completeness. 
The lead department was started by the President of the works, Mr. 
E. W. Blatchford, in 1861. Subsequently the manufacture of linseed 
oil was begun, and in 1867 the shot tower was established. The 
interesting process of shot making cannot be here described, but 
must be seen to be fully understood. The assorting of the shot by means 
of a succession of graded selves, the Companies own invention, form 
an interesting feature. The management of these immense works 
devolve upon Mr. C. F. Gates, Secretary of the Company. It is by 
continued industry and a thorough acquaintance of their business 
that the Shot Tower Company have attained to their present promi- 
nent commercial standing, ranking with the first organizations of the 
kind in the world. 

23. — • Chicago Stove Works, Twenty-second street and Blue 
Island Avenue, Chicago. Stoves. The goods exhibited comprised 
all kinds of cook, parlor, and heating stoves. In parlor stoves 
were shown the celebrated " Triumph," an article possessed of some 
excellent qualities, a full description of which will be found among 
the goods displayed by Merwin Church. The wares of these works 
are fully equal to those of the best eastern make, and in some 
instances the castings are smoother and better finished. A manu- 
factory of this kind should be sustained as it merits, and particularly 
so when the goods are equal, if not superior, in make, and can be 
bought for the same price. Another good reason is that these stoves 
are of home production, which should invariably be sustained in 
any locality. The capacity of these works are equal to the demand 
of the Chicago market if fully tasked. Take Superior iron is used 
exclusively in the stoves manufactured by this Company on account 



THE EXHIBITORS. 191 

of its superior quality. In the full line of stoves exhibited all were 
commendable, being artistic in design and showing thorough work- 
manship in their construction. 

24. — E. C. Champlin, Lacoon, 111. Stove-Pipe Thimble and Ven- 
tilator. A useful little article, being stationary in the chimney, form- 
ing a collar for the pipe when the stove is up, and a ventilator at all 
other times. 

25. — Clark, Abbott & Co., 144 Lake street, Chicago. Railroad 
and Machinists' Hardware. A large and attractive display was made 
by this well-known house, embracing railway supplies in all its 
branches, which are a specialty of this firm. Among the immense 
variety of goods shown, may be named Le Count's iron and steel 
lathe, dogs and clamps, expanding mandrils, etc., specimens of Thos. 
Firth & Sons' celebrated English steel and files; sheet brass; brass, 
copper and steel wire ; vices ; wrenches, etc. The display was in 
every way in keeping with the reputation of the house by whom it 
was made, which is among the largest and most reliable in the north- 
west. The firm are entitled to great credit for the large exhibition 
made by them, as well as the careful and attractive manner in which 
their goods were arranged. 

26. — Clinton Wire-Cloth Co., Clinton, Mass. Branch office, 
175 Randolph street, Chicago; H. H. Waters, agent. Wire Goods, 
etc. One of the most neat, and at the same time attractive displays 
in the Exposition, was made by this Company, under the supervis- 
ion of their western representative. Every variety of wire goods 
was shown, prominent among which may be noted, specimens of power 
loom wire-cloth, wire fencing, and flower stands. This Company 
also exhibited an elegant wrought iron summer house, hexagonal 
shape, 18 feet high by 10 feet in diameter. The exhibition was com- 
mendable, and reflected credit upon the Company for so extensive a 
display of their wares, and likewise upon their agent, for the care in 
their arrangement. 

27. — Continental Bolt Manufacturing Company, Market and 
Huron streets, Chicago. Bolts and Bolt Work. A full line of the 
productions of these works were exhibited, including hydrants and 
stop-cocks for water mains. The various bolts on exhibition which 
are manufactured by this Company were machine bolts, lag screws, 
bridge, roof and car bolts, turn-buckles, bolt ends, and in fact every 
description of bolt work, which is made the specialty of this Company. 
In the manufacture of these articles it is all done by the most improved 



192 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

machinery, which is tended mostly by boys, so perfect are the various 
machines used. Their works are the only one of the kind in Chicago, 
and the largest in the northwest. The display made of its produc- 
tions was large and attractive, and deserving of special mention. 

28. — D. S. Covert, 57 State street, Chicago. Diebold & Kienzle's 
celebrated Safes, Vault Doors, etc. The exhibition of the wares of 
these celebrated makers, as shown by the exhibitor, was not so attract- 
ive in exterior finish as many of the same kinds of goods shown by 
other exhibitors, but in quality and superior excellence fully equal to 
the best made in the world. The goods of this firm are well and 
favorably known, and in the most severe tests have always proved to 
be all that was ever claimed for them, and in rebuilt Chicago a large 
number of the most prominent banks and bankers have replaced 
their old safes and vault doors by those of this firm. In point of 
material, manufacture and latest improvements known, these safes 
will bear the most favorable comparison, as those exhibited fully 
demonstrated. 

29. — H. B. Cragin & Co., 107 and 109 Lake street, Chicago. 
House Furnishing Goods. A very attractive display was made by 
this firm in their line by utilizing'the wall of the building, upon which 
was displayed tin ware, etc., artisticaly arranged in circles, one enclos- 
ing the other, until the full space allotted was completely filled. 
The arrangement of this display was one of the most attractive in 
the building, and for which the firm is entitled to great praise. 

30. — J. P. DoiG cSc Co, 32 West Kinzie street, Chicago. An as- 
sortment of Files of their own manufacture, and good material and 
workmanship. 

31. — Dane, Westlake & Covert, 228 Lake street, Chicago. 
Car Lamps and Lanterns, etc. Several walnut show cases containing 
many elegant specimens of Westlake's patent loose globe car lamps 
and lanterns. Also was exhibited a full line of plain Japanned and 
planished tin ware, manufactured by the firm, together with various 
other articles, including patent zinc boards, locomotive head light-s, 
etc. The display was in every way one creditable to the firm mak- 
ing it, and finely arranged. 

32. — Henry Disston & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.; Branch house, 
corner Market and Randolph streets, Chicago. Saws. The display 
of the firm was very showy, and claimed a place among the prom-^ 
inent attractions of the Exposition. A large walnut and gold frame, 
25x10 in size, the background of which was covered by black vel- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 193 

vet, and upon the surface was artistically arranged a full line of saws 
of every description, all of which were manufactured by the exhibi- 
tors, who are perhaps one of the most extensive houses in this line 
of business in the country, and whose wares have an unprecedented 
sale in every State of the Union, The goods of this house are man- 
ufactured from the best material, and great care is taken in the mak- 
ing, hence no articles made by this firm are placed upon the market 
except perfect in every respect and of a superior character, which 
fact was fully illustrated by those exhibited, which were splendid 
specimens, and to be accorded the credit of the workmanship of 
them is all that need be said, as they were among the finest speci- 
mens of saws ever exhibited, and spoke in their own behalf their 
many superior qualities. 

Z?i' — William Dolan & Co., Lyons, Iowa. A display of Patent 
Oil Cans. 

34. — W. Dicks, 118 Third avenue, Chicago. Elower Pot Bracket. 
This bracket is called the " desideratum," and is a perfect safeguard 
to potted plants. It is composed of two wire rings, fastened together 
by a hinge ; one the flower pot sets in, while the other is used for 
hanging it up by; thus not only protecting the plant from danger of 
accident, but gives it circulation and air through the soil, always 
keeping the plant healthy. 

35. — GoBLE & Co., i"4 State street, Chicago. Agents Cowing & 
Co., Seneca Falls, New York! Pumps and Rams. A -large and 
attractive display of all kinds and styles of pumps and rams, con- 
taining the latest improvements, many of which were original with 
the manufacturers. 

2i(i. — Gould Bros. & Dibblee, 149 and 151 State street, Chicago. 
Perhaps no exhibitor's display will be so well remembered by all who 
visited the Exposition, who had a greater variety of goods, and 
occupied more space, or whose wares were more conspicuously 
exhibited throughout the Exposition building, than that of this firm. 
The great fountain, which was the center of attraction, (as well as 
the center of the building,) was manufactured by this well-known 
firm at a cost of ^3,000. In addition to which was exhibited every con- 
ceivable article of cast work that could be manufactured from the 
useful metals — fountains, vases, statuary, settees, chairs, deers, 
dogs, lions, croquette, tents, lawn mowers and sprinklers, iron rail- 
ings and castings of every variety ; wire work, flower stands, hanging 
baskets, trellises, tree guards, wire railings for offices, windows, and 

13 



194 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

doors, guards galvanized, wire railings for fencing, iron stable 
fixtures, hay racks, blanket brackets, cow troughs, box stall fixtures, 
iron furniture, bedsteads, hobrocks, umbrella stands, etc. Copper 
weather vanes, perfect models of Dexter, Kate Fisher, Ethan Allen, 
Goldsmith Maid, and emblematic signs for all words and professions. 
All of the numerous articles displayed were manufactured at their 
various manufactories, having four in all, one of which is located in 
the "City of Iron," where unbounded facilities are had for obtaining 
direct from the mines the immense quantity of iron this firm con- 
sumes in their business. The exhibition of this celebrated house 
will long be remembered, which was a representation that 
showed the varied character of their products, and one of merit 
that reflected great credit upon the firm for the perfection and skill 
displayed. 

37. — Ben. E. Givaudan & Trested, Jr., 349 State street, Chi- 
cago. This firm exhibited the Wrought Iron French Range and 
Boiler, manufactured by Bromhall, Deane & Co., of New York, for 
which they are the sole agents for the western states. The claims of 
this range are economy of fuel, convenience, and simplicity of man- 
agement, and though but recently introduced in the west, has been 
highly endorsed by many as fulfilling all that is claimed for it. This 
firm also displayed two of Deane's patent tea and coffee urns, nickel 
plated and elegant specimens of workmanship. 

38. — C. H. Hanson, t^'^ South Clark street, Chicago. Stencil 
Work. Some finely executed specimens of stencil and dye cutting 
were exhibited by this house, which reflected much credit upon 
the exhibitor for the superior manner of their cutting, as well as the 
skill in the designing. 

39. — S. H. Harris, 23 and 25 Randolph street, Chicago. Safes, 
Vault Doors, etc. The Harris safes are well known, and need but 
little description, having "been tried and not found wanting." But 
a few years ago, the exhibitor was engaged in business in Chi- 
cago as agent for a celebrated safe manufactory in Boston. Believ- 
ing that he could effect some important practical improvements in 
safes, he undertook the business of manufacturer. Turning out, the 
first year, twenty-five of those model safes which have since given 
so much satisfaction to Chicago's merchants and bankers, who now 
give them preference over others of eastern or outside manufacture, 
the capacity of the factory, under the steady encouragement ex- 
tended to him, has increased to proportions that now enable him to 



THE EXHIBITORS, '95 

turn out work to the amount of nearly $500,000 per annum, in safes 
and the iron work of fire and burglar proof vaults. The Harris 
safes stood the test of the great fire triumphantly, have given emi- 
nent satisfaction to the mercantile community, and afford a good 
illustration of Chicago's home talent, and her home resources for 
competing with the world in manufactures. 

40. — Hall's Safe & Lock Co., Cincinnati. One of the most 
imposing displays was that of the safes and locks exhibited by this 
Company. Upon a raised platform, 30 x 10 in size, richly carpeted 
and draped in bunting, were placed several safes of most elaborate 
finish. The large safe in the center of the exhibition weighed 
32,000 pounds, and was manufactured for the Second National Bank 
of Chicago, but was too large for the vault of the bank. It was 
constructed in four inside compartments, one compartment having 
fifty small lock boxes for special deposits. This safe is a specialty 
for banking purposes. The principal features of excellence in the 
manufacture of these elegant specimens of " strong boxes " are 
highly interesting. The plates around the edge of the door are 
dovetailed and shut into corresponding dovetails in the door-jamb, 
and securely prevents the use of the most powerful instruments of 
the burglar; and if a wedge was attempted to be driven in, the more 
compact would the work be forced together. Also, a tenon around 
the door, which fits a corresponding groove around the door-jamb, 
forms a most perfect and compact joint, and prevents alike the intro- 
duction of the wedge or any explosive fluid. The locks with which 
these safes are secured are the Hall's patent combination lock, the 
invention of Mr. Hall, and are covered by a score of patents. These 
locks, it is claimed, cannot be picked or opened by burglars or 
experts, and the statement has been fully corroborated by the fact 
that although often attempted, yet in all the twenty-five years these 
safes have been in use not a single instance is on record where one 
of Hall's safes has been burglarized, or in case of fire has failed to 
preserve its contents perfect. The other safes of this Company on 
exhibition were smaller in size, weighing 8,000 and 12,000, respect- 
ively, and were intended for office purposes, but all were alike ele- 
gant specimeins of workmanship. The case of locks exhibited by 
this Company were also very fine, and consisted of the Victor, Pre- 
mier, Novelty, Chronometer, Champion and Security. The manu- 
factory and general offices of this Company are at Cincinnati, O., 
and are represented in this city at Nos, 147 and 149 Dearborn street. 



196 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Branch houses are also located in all the principal cities of the 
Union. The cost of the display at the Exposition was $19,000. 

41. — Hugh W. Hill & Co., Decatur, 111. Hog Ringer. The 
instrument consists of a pair of pliers with the jaws concave and 
grooved. The ring is made of wire and furnished in boxes of 100, 
bent and pointed. Placing it over the hog's snout and closing the 
pliers forces the ring through the snout, the points being sharp 
enough for that purpose. The ring is stronger and not so liable to 
open as a round ring. They cannot turn in the snout, heal quickly, 
and fitting close are not liable to be torn out. It is a useful little 
invention, meeting with unprecedented success. 

42. — Hewett Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Patent Sad 
Irons. The articles displayed by this Company were termed the 
" King " iron, four of which irons could be used upon one handle, 
each iron being adapted to its particular duties. The specimens 
exhibited were finely made, nickel plated, and undoubtedly are "king" 
of all sad irons heretofore in use, and are especially commen.dable 
for their utility. 

43. — S. J. Heron, ■Ty^ State street, Chicago. J. Van's Ranges, etc. 
One of the finest displays in this line was made by the above-named 
exhibitor, and consisted of a number of the universally known and 
popular ranges of J. Van. The superior qualities of these articles 
are too well and favorably known to require either description or 
commendation, as a record has been made for these goods which 
places them at the head of all kitchen ranges. Van's patent carving 
table, boilers, and coffee urns, were also shown, all of which formed 
an attractive and well arranged exhibition. 

44. — Houghton Copper Company, Houghton, Mich. Hibbard 
& Spencer, Agents, 30 and 32 Lake street, Chicago. Lake Superior 
Copper. Several sheets of this copper were exhibited, which were 
rolled at the mines, and which appeared to be pure and free from 
foreign substance. The Lake Superior mines are now producing 
some of the finest ores in the world, and especially copper, which it 
is claimed is far superior to that imjDorted. From the specimens of 
copper shown by the exhibitors, in sheets, it would seem that the 
claims made for Lake Superior copper to be merited, as a better arti- 
cle cannot be produced anywhere. 

45, — Edwin Hunt & Sons, 58 and 60 Lake street, Chicago. Gen- 
eral Hardware, etc. The display of this house was varied in its attrac- 
tions, and comprised every description of goods in the general hard- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 197 

ware line, consisting of Silver's patent meat choppers and stuffers, 
for butcher's use ; Wood's ice tools; Union Manufacturing Compa- 
ny's samples of bronze, nickel plated, enameled, japanned and other 
butts; Russell & Erwin's bronze hardware; Hunt's edge tools, etc. 
The exhibition of this house was fine, and fully represented its stand- 
ing as one of Chicago's leading establishments, and the oldest house 
in the hardware line of the city. 

46. — W. M. HoYT & Co., River street and Michigan avenue, Chi- 
cago. Patent Revolving Tea Canister. 

47. — Hitchcock & Walker, 128 Michigan street, Chicago. A 
large assortment of church and other bells. 

48. — M. C. Isaacs & Co., 47 and 49 Congress street, Chicago. 
Wire Brooms and Brushes. These goods are made from the very 
best refined English spring- steel wire, which will not snap or break, 
and are used extensively throughout this country and Europe. The 
display made embraced a large variety of wire brushes and brooms, 
which are used in most all foundries and warehouses as the most 
durable articles for the purposes intended that can be obtained. 

49. — Iron-Clad Can Co., 143 and 145 Lake street, Chicago. 
Milk Cans and Dairy Implements. Several articles for dairy use 
were displayed by this Company, whose specialty is the iron-clad 
milk can which was exhibited in a number of styles. This can is 
constructed of wrought iron, tin coated, and but one piece is. used in 
making the can proper, or three pieces including bottom and cover. 
These cans are a great improvement over the old style articles, and 
possess many good qualities, which are deserving the attention of 
those engaged in dairying. 

50. — Illinois Iron and Bolt Co., Carpentersville, 111. Copying 
Presses, etc. This Company acquitted themselves in a highly credit- 
able manner by the imposing display made of their wares, consisting 
of Letter Presses of unusual fine finish, nickel plated and with walnut 
stands, iron castings, hoisting jacks, anvils, sad irons, pumps, bolts, 
etc., all of which were manufactured by the Company at their works 
as above. 

51. — Jones & Laughlin, 190-196 South Canal street, Chicago. 
Cold-rolled Iron and Steel. While this house is one of the largest in 
this country if not in the world in their line of goods, yet for an ex- 
hibition they display the great specialty of their house in the above- 
named iron and steel, the process of making being covered by several 
patents. By the use of powerful and peculiarly constructed machinery 



198 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

this firm has succeeded in rolHng and drawing bars, rods, plates and 
sheets of iron and steel while cold into any of the shapes ordinarily 
given to hot iron by rollers. The effect of this process is to compress 
and pack together the fibres of the metal to such an extent as greatly , 
to increase its strength, hardness, elasticity, etc. These points of su- 
perior excellence in this iron have been fully demonstrated by experi- 
ments and tests of the most eminent engineers in Great Britain and 
the United States. The process of manufacture produces a highly 
polished and perfectly smooth bright surface, and finishes the bar or 
rod as straight and true as if turned in a lathe or planed. The mate- 
rial used is of the best quality and manufactured at the American 
Iron Works, Pittsburgh, Penn., of which the exhibitors are the pro- 
prietors, and under whose personal supervision the work is done. 
This iron cannot fail to recommend itself to all interested in the 
manufacture or use of the metal. Its invention and manufacture 
yield a material possessing a surface nearly as dense as steel, much 
increased elasticity, and greater resistance to tensile and torsion al 
strain than the same sectional area of iron finished in the ordinary 
method. 

52. — Chas. J. Jetter, Manager, J. R. Palmenberg's Wire Works. 
200 and 202 Madison street, Chicago. This display was particularly 
noticeable, it being the only exhibition of the kind in the Exposition 
and comprised new busts imported from Paris for tailors and dress- 
makers, /<^/2>r ;;z^^/^<? busts and figures, wire frames and stands for 
cloaks, shawls, corsets, dresses, coats, vests and pants, umbrellas and 
canes, branches for hats, bonnets, and milliners' goods, bird cages, 
polished brass and silver plated stands for jewelry stores, shoe stands, 
and brass window fixtures. This house is a branch of J. R. 
Palmenberg, of New York, and is the only establishment of the 
kind west of New York, and all articles manufactured are the inven- 
tion of Mr. Palmenberg. They manufacture especially the above 
goods. The business has grown from a small beginning to its present 
large proportions, till now there is hardly a store in the entire country 
that does not use these goods, in which the public is constantly look- 
ing for something new and attractive. 

53. — Jewett & Root, Buffalo, N. Y.; branch office and ware- 
house, 30 River street, Chicago. This firm had on exhibition the 
Diamond stov , all sizes and kinds; the Emerald, Galaxy, Falcon, 
Grand Union, Extension, New Echo, Hawkeye, Chancellor, New 
Portable range, together with others of their assortment, all of their 



THE EXHIBITORS. 199 

own manufacture. This firm is one of the largest in the manufac- 
ture of stoves in the United States, and whose goods have long been 
before the public, and which have always had a reputation for superi- 
ority and excellence. The exhibition made by these exhibitors was 
commendable, and one which demonstrated that the high reputation 
accorded their stoves to be one in every way deserved. 

54. — Jefferson Iron Works, Spaulding, Woodward & Co., 
Stuebenville, Ohio. A display of Nails and Spikes of this Com- 
pany's own manufacture, which is their specialty. 

55. — JoLiET Iron and Steel Company, A. B. Meeker, President, 
94 Washington street, Chicago. Iron and Steel. Specimens of 
some excellent quality of iron and steel rails were shown by this 
Company in the different processes of manufacture. 

56. — KiMBARK "Brothers & Co., 80, 82, and 84 Michigan avenue, 
Chicago, Carriage Hardware, Chrome Steel, etc. This firm, which 
are the largest dealers in heavy hardware, iron, steel, nails, and wa- 
gon and carriage material in the whole west, and are said to carry 
the largest and most complete stock of any house of the kind in the 
country, made a display in the Exposition which was in every way in 
keeping with their standing in the business community. The display 
consisted of blacksmiths' and carriage-makers' tools, railroad and 
miners' picks, mill tools, stone-cutters' tools, wagon wood-stock, com- 
prising spokes, hubs, wheels, and carriage wood-stock of all kinds, 
axe, pick, sledge, and hammer handles. This well-known house has 
been established twenty-one years, and its trade extends all over the 
west, northwest, and far into the south, doing a considerable business 
in Texas and other States. They are agents for the celebrated 
Chrome steel, which is claimed, by those using it, to be superior in 
every respect to carbon steel, not excepting the choicest brands of 
foreign or home manufacture. It is now used in many of the largest 
railroad shops in this country, to the entire exclusion of carbon steel, 
and in every case has proved its great worth and economy. Its chief 
points of merit are, that it can be worked to a white heat without fear 
of injury, that it will weld without sand or borax, that each grade is 
uniform in quality and never varies, that when worked as directed it 
is superior to and more economical than any other steel. When 
hardened, it cannot be drilled by carbon steel, and is particularly 
adapted to turning down the chilled tread of car or steel driving 
wheels. Tests made with this steel at West Point, under supervision 
of U. S. A, officers, show the extraordinary strain of 198,970 pounds 



200 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

to the square inch. The highest ever obtained with carbon steel 
was 132,909 pounds. It is the only steel which would stand the strain 
required for the anchor bolts and staves to be used on the gigantic 
bridge connecting St. Louis, Mo., with Illinois. 

57. — Kenosha Hardware Company, Kenosha, Wis. Castings? 
etc. The display made by this Company was large, and commend- 
able for the quality and workmanship of the goods shown, but was 
not as attractive as it might have been made if more attention had 
been given to the arrangement. The exhibition consisted of florists' 
goods, brackets, iron vases, plant stands, etc., all of which were 
manufactured by the Company, and comprised but few of the many 
articles of their wares. 

58. — Gustave Koch, 73 Dearborn street, Chicago. A display 
of Burning Brands, Stencils, Dies, Seals, etc. 

59. — E. E. Leavenworth, 102 Randolph street, Chicago. Stoves 
and Ranges. A fine collection of stoves, among which were noticed 
the celebrated " Excello " parlor stove, " Empire " furnace, " Empire " 
Gas Burner, " Peerless" range and " Vindicator " cook stoves. 
Many superior points of excellence are noticeable in the Empire 
Gas Burner, which is designed for the parlor, and manufactured and 
sold exclusively by the exhibitor. 

60. — M. W. & F. Lester, 304 State street, Chicago. Furnaces, 
Ranges, Cooking and Heating Stoves, etc. Among the large display 
of goods, made by this favorably known house, was noticed the 
" Imperial French Range," for which the exhibitors are western 
agents, manufactured by Duparquet & Huot of New York. These 
ranges are in use in most all of the leading hotels of Chicago, includ- 
ing the great Palmer House, just completed, and are said to be une- 
qualed. They are highly endorsed everywhere, and from personal 
observation they seem perfection. The " Magee Range " also claims 
a share of attention, ranking with the " Imperial," and is a first class 
range in every particular. The exhibitors manufacture fourteen sizes 
■ of portable ranges, both surface and base burners, specimens of 
which were also exhibited. In addition to the goods already enumer- 
ated, this firm are the manufacturers of six sizes of brick furnaces, 
for public halls, churches, etc., two sizes of portable base burners 
for soft coal, and Bulkley's super-heated steam furnaces, several of 
which styles were shown. The entire display was one of credit to 
this popular house 



THE EXHIBITORS. 20 1 

61. — J. F. L0CHW00D& Co., Taylorsville, 111. Exhibited a model 
of Carburetor and Gas Generator. Patented by the exhibitor. 

62. — H. LissBERGER & Co., corner Clinton and Jackson streets, 
Chicago. Lead Pipe, Sheet Lead and Metals. The principal article of 
notice in this display was Lissberger's patent tin-coated pipe, a most 
convenient and safe mode of conducting pure water from the street 
mains. This pipe will not corrode nor rust in a life-time, either 
when exposed to the atmosphere or submerged in the water or buried 
in the earth, and when exposed to view it presents a beautiful and 
ornamental appearance, and it can be worked with all the ease of the 
ordinary lead pipe without detriment, is free from all the objections, 
to be found in that, and excels the tin-lined pipe since it is protected 
both inside and outside. This pipe has the endorsement of eminent 
chemists after being subjected to seven chemical tests by them for 
several days." The introduction of this pipe in Massachusetts some 
time since met with the greatest success, and it is now used in the 
city of Boston to the almost entire exclusion of any other. 

62i. — McNeal & Urban, Cincinnati, Ohio. J. M. Terwilliger, 
General Agent, 49 State street, Chicago. Fire and Burglar Proof 
Safes. Five safes comprised the display of these well-known manu- 
facturers. The one that attracted the most attention from bankers 
and merchants was the burglar proof safe, having twelve bolts that 
worked in four different directiohs. This safe has a groove in both 
the door and the safe, which, when the door is closed, fits so tight that 
it is impossible to insert powder or nitro-glycerine in any manner. 
When closing, the door is swung on what might be termed a crane 
hinge until within about half an inch of being shut, and in that posi- 
tion stands square in front of the safe, when a lever with an eccentric 
movement is drawn and the massive door is forced into the grooves 
of the safe, the bolts are turned, and the safe is closed — the work of 
a moment, and not requiring the strength of a child. A burglar may 
destroy the lever, wrench off the handle, yet the safe remains intact, 
defying his every endeavor to gain an entrance, there being not even 
a hair's space for the insertion of any instrument, however slender. 

The painting was done in an attractive and artistic manner, while the 
bolt-work was finished in as elaborate a style as is consistent with 
strength and durability. The bolt-work of the fire proof safe is six 
inches from the outer edge, and covered by a cap on the inside which 
is only accessible to the owner of the safe when open. It is unneces- 
sary to allude here to the locks manufactured by this house, as they 



202 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

have been in use for several years, meeting with such favor as their 
merits deserve. The display, although not showy in appearance was 
remarkable for solidity and strength. 

64. — The Mechanics Type Foundry Co., Wm. Pigott, Pres. ; N. 
R. Lyman, Vice Pres.; John Creswell, Sec; 81 and 83 Jackson 
street. A stop cylinder printing press from the well known factory 
of R. Hoe & Co., New York, for whom they are the western agents. 
This press is of latest pattern and the second of the kind ever made. 
The bed is driven by a crank, so that there is no jar at either end. The 
distribution is effected by the table and oblique roller system, and 
the form is inked by four rollers that pass over its entire surface. 
After a sheet is printed the cylinder remains stationary while the 
bed is running back, during which time a fresh sheet is placed in 
position; the fingers then close on the sheet before the cylinder 
starts, and before the feed-guide and register-points are withdrawn, 
and as the cylinder gears directly into the bed, perfect register is 
secured. The Company exhibiting this press is an association of 
mechanics who desire to use their skill to their own and their cus- 
tomers' advantage, each member of the Company being practical in 
their respective departments, thus assuring to the purchaser the best 
article that can be produced. It is matter upon which the printing 
fraternity of Chicago and the northwest can congratulate themselves 
that they have in their midst an establishment of this kind. 

65. — M. Mallery & Co., Elgin, 111. A large Heating Vat used 
in the manufacture of Cheese. 

dd. — Mac CouN & Co., 538 Clark street, Chicago. Bells. This 
firm, who are the western representatives of the celebrated house of 
Jones & Co., Troy, N. Y., exhibited one of the productions of that 
justly popular firm. The "big bell," as it was termed, is doubtless 
familiar to the many thousands of visitors to the Exposition. It was 
rung four times daily, during the continuance of the Exposition, by 
order of the Executive Committee; at 9 o'clock, to. open the build- 
ing; at 12 and 6 o'clock, announcing the mid-day -and evening re- 
pasts, and at 9:30 o'clock, to prepare to leave the building, and at 10 
o'clock, to close the same. During all this time, the "big bell " con- 
tinued to ring out its own superior qualities, as well as to " ring " the 
praise due to the eminent firm by whom it was manufactured. The 
house of Jones & Co. are known throughout the United States, and 
the excellence of their productions have been fully attested by the 
scores of first premiums they have taken at various Expositions and 



THE EXHIBITORS. 203 

Fairs, in addition to which may be added thousands of unsolicited 
letters of commendation. In the manufacture of these bells none 
but the best and purest metal (copx^er and tin) is used, and the firm 
offer to forfeit the price of any bell made and warranted by them, if 
an authentic analysis of its composition shall disclose that it is alloy- 
ed with zinc or spelter, as is much of the inferior bell metal of the 
present day. Every part of the mountings, including yoke, stands, 
frame, wheel, etc., is made of the best iron and timber, in order to 
secure both their strength and durability, and are considered the most 
complete and perfect mountings in use. The bell exhibited was 
manufactured to order, and bore the inscription, " Presented to the 
Temple Baptist Church of Chicago by N. F. Ravlin, 1873." Its 
weight was 5,025 pounds. This firm also manufactured the largest 
chime of bells ever made in this country, for the Michigan avenue 
Baptist church of Chicago, which consisted of seventeen bells, the 
largest weighing 3,656 pounds, while the total weight was 17,860 
pounds. Although the exhibition made by this firm did not merit as 
long an article as has been given, yet it was the gate to enter into a 
brief sketch of the merits of the general productions of this justly 
and deservedly popular firm. 

67. — George Mitchell, 39 Canal street, Chicago. Wire Work. 
A collection of some very fine wire work was shown by this exhibitor, 
consisting of window screens, flower stands, trellises, and every des- 
cription of plain and fancy wire work. The display was excellent, 
and arranged in an attractive and pleasing manner. 

68. — W. K. Manning, 139 Lake street, Chicago. Exhibited the 
patent Champion Gas Burner. 

69. — C. Mason & Co., corner Carroll and Sangamon streets, Chi- 
cago. Castings. This firm exhibited a large boiler-head, and an 
assortment of ornamental lamp-posts, by no means a fair showing of 
this firm, who are the proprietors of the Excelsior Iron Works, one 
of the pioneer works of the kind in Chicago, whose annual produc- 
tions are near $r,ooo,ooo, their specialty being marine and stationary 
engines and boilers. 

70. — Morton, Hull & Co., 6t, Lake street, Chicago, Agents for 
Victor Scale Company, Moline, 111. Track and Hay Scales, etc. 
The specimens of scales exhibited combine valuable improvements, 
which were patented by L. M. Severence, of Dixon, 111., in the year 
1867, and purchased by the Victor Scale Company in 1870. The par- 
ticular advantages of this scale may be summed up in the follow- 



204 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

ing points : Each of the four levers work independently of the others, 
and thereby are not affected by a disturbance of the level of the 
platform. Owing to the independent leverage, friction is almost 
entirely avoided ; and the greatest possible sensitiveness in their 
action is maintained. The weight bearing upon the fulcrum of each 
lever is so distributed and thereby lessened, that the wear is almost 
nothing ; and hence their durability is largely increased. They are 
simple in their construction, and with the aid of printed instructions 
any good carpenter can set them up. They require only a shallow 
pit, and thereby lessen the cost of building. Every scale is war- 
ranted to be equal to the best scale in the country. This Company 
manufacture nearly every description of portable scales in use, in- 
cluding hay, grain and track scales. They use the best material 
and employ the most skillful workmen in their construction, and 
their facilities for making and shipping scales are equal to the very 
best in the country. During the last three years their scales have 
gone into extensive use among stock dealers, coal merchants, grain 
men and railroad companies, and have given universal satisfaction. 

7 1 . — Norton Brothers, lo State street, Chicago. Japanned Ware. 
This firm exhibited a large assortment of plain and japanned tinware, 
especially designed for grocers, coffee and spice dealers and the paint 
trade. Few people know the extent of the manufacture of these small 
tin cans and boxes in the United States. Some idea of it may be 
formed if one will estimate the number used in a year by a single 
family for their spices, baking powders, canned fruits, etc., remem- 
bering that none are used a second time. This firm make no state- 
ment of the number made by them, but the variety of sizes and 
styles exhibited show that they are prepared to meet all require- 
ments in that line. In their samples of japanned ware they have a 
fine display of grocers' shelf caddies of all sizes; some finished in 
plain style and others of beautiful designs elaborately ornamented. 
Several revolving pagodas (so called from their supposed resem- 
blance to those Oriental structures) attracted much attention by 
their novelty and beautiful finish. They contain compartments for 
several kinds of teas or spices, the whole revolving on a handsome 
iron pedestal. All goods exhibited were taken direct from their 
stock. 

72. — Nevers & Co., 252 and 254 Fulton street, Chicago. Reeves' 
Patent Measuring Faucet. This faucet is one worthy to take posi- 
tion at the head of all small patented articles, and is one of real 



THE EXHIBITORS. 205 

merit, being accurate, durable and reliable. It is unequaled and 
unlike any other in use, and perfectly simple in operation and con- 
struction. By the use of this faucet all liquids are drawn direct 
from the barrel into a glass receiver which measures the quantity 
required, and disposes of it into the vessel placed to receive the arti- 
cle drawn. The workings of this invention must be seen to fully 
comprehend its great worth ; but it can safely be pronounced one of 
the finest inventions of the age. 

73.— A. M. Gilbert & Co., 2i^ State street, Chicago. This firm 
made one of the largest and finest displays of scales exhibited, 
showing a large and elegantly finished assortment of the celebrated 
improved Howe scales, — of which the judges of the Massachusetts 
Charitable Mechanic Association said, " Too much cannot be said 
in their praise," and at the San Francisco Institute the judges said, 
"destined to supercede all others." Every scale contains one or 
more valuable improvements, — for instance, in the counter-scales of 
all varieties, there is a patent outside frame which protects the work- 
ing part of the scales from injury, and keeps the dust, dirt, etc., from 
the sensitive bearings. This renders them both stronger and more 
accurate. Then, in all their platform scales they dispense with check 
rods used by other manufacturers, and place chilled iron balls 
between the platform and the knife-edges, — as these balls receive 
all the friction, the pivots or knife-edges remain sharp and the scale 
accurate. In the various sizes there are different improvements 
exclusively their own, — in the drop-lever scale a marked improve- 
ment, whereby the platform is raised or lowered, without moving 
the works of the scale. The Howe Dormant Scales have the fewest 
points of friction, and an extremely simple arrangement of levers ; 
their practical superiority is testified to by hundreds who have used 
them. They also exhibit their improved hay and railroad track 
scales ,in which perfection seems to be nearly reached, for their great 
strength, their delicate accuracy, and their extreme simplicity, were 
a marvel to all who examined them. Over 350 modifications of 
these justly celebrated scales are made, but only about eighty differ- 
ent styles were exhibited. The display reflected great credit to the 
makers as well as the enterprising exhibitors. 

74. — Nes. Silicon Steel Co., 182 Dearborn street, Chicago. 
Exhibited specimens of the celebrated Nes. Silicon Steel Rails. 

75. — Northwestern Horse Nail Company, 6Z West Van Buren 
street, Chicago. Horse Nails. This Company was established some 



2o6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

ten years ago, upon a comparatively small scale to the present exten- 
sive proportions of the works. Their annual productions are now 
seven hundred and fifty tons of horse nails, valued at $300,000 ; but 
they are still engaged in extending their capacity, so great is the 
demand for their popular wares. The Company have just completed 
extensive additions, both in buildings and machinery, which will 
increase their capacity to one thousand two hundred tons per 
annum. Their finished nails are the only hammered finished nails 
in the market, and in their manufacture is used only the best benzon 
iron, which is imported frOm Norway expressly for the exhibitors. 
The manufacture of these nails is done by machinery, and the 
manner in which they are made, being of much interest, is here 
given. The machines are placed in front of a fprge, by which 
stands a workman, who grasps a long, square bar of this benzon 
iron, plunges it into the forge ; it is brought to a white heat ; the 
end is then thrust into the machine, and one by one, with marvelous 
rapidity, the nails are drawn from the end, hammered, and drop per- 
fect into a box beneath the machine, which is the Dodge patent, and 
certainly a most wonderful invention. Its working seems simple, yet 
the results are surprising. Its accuracy, regularity and perfect con- 
trol is truly wonderful. It would be a pleasant task to here record 
all the minor details of finishing, packing, boxing; etc.; but space 
will not permit more to be said. Suffice it to say, this establishment 
is distinctive in its character and is destined to become one of the 
greatest manufactories, not only of Chicago, but of the northwest. 

76. — Providence Tool Co., S. H. & E. T. Moore, Agents, dZ Lake 
street, Chicago. Samples of Heavy and Marine Hardware, Railroad 
Supplies, and Ship Chandlery of their own manufacture. Among 
the many articles exhibited by this Company prominent were hot 
and cold pressed nuts and gimlet point coach screws. A specialty of 
this Company's exhibition was a large variety of the* " Providence 
clothes wringer." This wringer is extensively made andjs warranted 
in every respect. Its chief excellence consists in the Moulton roll 
used in all Providence wringers. The rubber of which this roll, is 
composed is of a better quality than is ordinarily used in wringers, 
and makes them much more durable. The display made by this 
Company was large and arranged attractively and with care. 

77. — Parkhurst & Wilkinson, 171 and 173 South Canal street, 
Chicago. Wagon and Carriage Hardware, Wood Stock, etc. An im- 
mense showing was made by these exhibitors. Goods of their line in 



THE EXHIBITORS. 207 

great variety were displayed, which conveyed the idea that this firm 
fully realized what an Exposition should be, and also that the suc- 
cess of the same depended as much upon the individual efforts of 
each exhibitor to make his particular display attractive in itself as it 
did upon the united efforts of them all ; hence the exhibition made 
by this firm was both attractive and commendable. Among the nu- 
merous articles displayed which may be named as specialties, and 
for which the exhibitors are sole agents, were Sweet's oil-tempered 
seat springs, cast steel tire, Brockway's patent seat fasteners, Hurl- 
but's patent brake locks, Milner's patent wagon stakes, and Richards' 
patent truss brace skeins. This firm also exhibited specimens of the 
well-known " P. & W. red jacket " and " Diamond P." axles, of which 
they are the proprietors. These exhibitors have acquitted themselves 
with great credit by their able efforts to make a good display, in 
which they so admirably succeeded. 

78. — Samuel I. Pope, 87 and 89 Lake street, Chicago. A display 
of Heaters, Coils and Radiators. 

79. — J. P. Dalton & Co., 80 and 82 Randolph street, Chicago. 
House-furnishing Goods. A large and attractive display was made 
in the above line of goods by this exhibitor, comprising stoves, tin 
and Japanned ware, brushes, bird cages, etc., the arrangement being 
particularly noticeable by the good taste evinced in the display of 
the goods shown, as was also their uniform fine quality. 

80. — D. Drummond, McGregor, Iowa, exhibited an improved 
Screw-Driver. 

81. — E. B. Preston, 138 Lake street, Chicago. Rubber Goods. 
In the above line this house showed an unequaled' assortment in 
great variety, consisting of rubber clothing of all kinds, rubber belt- 
ing, steam packing, hose, etc., the latter goods from the well-known 
house of the New York Belting and Packing Company, for which 
the exhibitor is sole agent for the northwest. In belting was also 
shown specimens of J. B. Hoyt & Co.'s patent stretched and patent 
riveted short lap belting. These belts are made from pure oak- 
tanned butts, and of the heart or solid part only. No part of the 
shoulder is used. Any one not familiar with belt making can readily 
detect this by the shortness of the lengths and laps. Long laps are 
made including the shoulder or thinner part of the leather, causing 
the belt to be in its enduring qualities no better than its poorest or 
thinnest parts. This belting is warranted to run straight and maintain 
an even bearing on the pulleys, and is sold under X\\^ fullest guarantee. 



2o8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

The arrangement of this display was especially fine, while all the 
goods were of excellent quality. 

82. — Chas. W. Patten, 173 Madison street, Chicago, exhibited 
Leffingwell's Patent Gas Saving Governor. 

83, — W. & B. Douglass, 197 Lake street, Chicago. Pumps, 
Hydraulic Rams, Garden and Fire Engines. The excellence of the 
wares of the above exhibitors are too well known to need extended 
comment. The display consisted of goods of their own manufacture, 
the specialty being a great variety of pumps. This firm are said to 
be the oldest house in their line in the United States, and were the 
first manufacturers of iron pumps in this country. Their works are 
located at Middletown, Conn., and were established in 1832. The 
goods of this house are not only sold throughout the United States 
but Europe. They were awarded the highest medal at the Univer- 
sal Exposition at Paris, in 1867, and the grand medal of progress at 
Vienna, in 1873. The goods exhibited were highly praised for their 
excellence in workmanship and finish, and are deserving of especial 
mention. 

84. — Fairbanks, Morse & Co., iii and 113 Lake street, Chicago. 
Fairbanks' Standard Scales. Among the objects of special interest 
that attracted general attention and comment by the variety, ele- 
gance, beauty, perfect mechanical finish, and marvelous taste shown 
in arrangement, were the articles of this celebrated and widely known 
firm, who for energy and enterprise stand unrivaled. At the Expo- 
sition in Chicago they occupied that leading position which they have 
so successfully maintained in every fair throughout this country and 
Europe. In their display may be found a large and varied assort- 
ment of grocers' and tea scales, jewelers' scales, druggists' and 
apothecaries' scales, confectioners' scales, furnace charging scales, 
dealers' scales, pork-packers' scales, cotton scales, hay scales, 
market scales of all varieties and styles of finish, railroad and 
stock scales, etc. The special attention of furnace men is called 
to their furnace-charging scales, by which the weight of the different 
materials, as coal, iron, etc., can be ascertained without change. City 
weighers and common councils should examine their assortment of 
dealers' scales, weights and measures. They are of the legalized 
standard, and warranted durable, accurate and strong. Their pre- 
mium stock scales, made with the latest and most valuable improve- 
ments, have a capacity of from three to ten tons ; they are simple in 
construction, delicate in operation, and made of the best materials. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 209 

under the strict supervision of the inventors. They are the only- 
scales used in the great stock yards of Chicago, St. Louis, and many 
other great cattle markets, and are the acknowledged standard. 
Their grain or hopper scales, with a capacity of from thirty to five 
hundred bushels, give universal satisfaction. The merits of their 
coal, hay, millers' and grain dealers', family grocers' counter scales 
and balances, are too well known for further comment. Their dor- 
mant warehouse scales, with iron columns and sliding poise beams, 
are marvels of accurate mechanism. In their display we also noticed 
quite an assortment of platform scales, with heavy wheels and drop 
lever, with capacity from one to three thousand pounds. Also a 
complete assortment of standard weights and measures, block weights, 
nest weights of iron, zinc or brass, standard liquid measures of cop- 
per, brass or iron, and standard dry measures. The grain men speak 
in the highest terms of their grain tester, to ascertain the grade of 
grain by weight. They also display samples of post-office scales. 
The United States government are using Fairbanks' scales. 

A feature of their exhibition is samples of scales manufactured 
for the governments of France, Portugal, Spain, Russia, China, etc. 
The Japanese Commissioners, on their recent visit, ordered the 
" Fairbanks " for Japan. They also exhibit a duplicate of one made 
for the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia, which seems the perfection of 
skilled labor, elegant in design and beauty of finish. The assort- 
ment of bullion scales, flour inspection beams, cloth beams, paper 
beams, etc., was complete. The pork packers' scales manufactured 
by this firm possesses new and novel features ihat will especially 
recommend itself to notice. This firm does an immense business in 
furnishing railroad companies with hay, stock and ore scales. Their 
cotton scales are the standard in the South. Fairbanks' scales now 
embrace over three hundred modifications, and are made of the best 
materials, with the latest and most valuable improvements. Their 
manufactory was established in 1830, and commenced in a small 
way, but now its employes are numbered by hundreds, and a whole 
city derives its main support from this great manufacturing house. 
Fairbanks' Standard Scales received the first premiums at the great 
Paris Exposition, in 1867, over thirty-four different competitors ; also 
the "Medal of Progress" at the Vienna Exposition. Fairbanks' 
scales have twelve patents in force. They also manufacture the 
neatest, most complete and strongest baggage barrows and ware- 
house trucks in the market. They also have one of the best, sim- 

14 



2IO EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

plest and most reliable money drawers. The Baldwin's improved 
double lock money drawer is superior to any offered to the trade. 
In their display was noticed one of Troemner's celebrated steel 
coffee mills, which are said to possess points of excellence over any 
in the market. The display made by this leading firm is deserving 
of universal commendation, and for which they are entitled to great 
credit. 

85. — Fuller, Warren & Co., 58 and 60 Lake street, Chicago. 
Troy Stoves, Ranges, Heaters, etc. One of the most conspicuous 
displays of stoves, etc., in the building was that made by these exhi- 
bitors. This firm has been, for twenty years past, as noted for the 
quality of the stoves which they have made, as have the Sheffield 
people for their cutlery. 

The Stewart cooking and heating stove, made by this firm, are, 
and always have been, the standard of comparison among stoves. 
Of late years, stove makers have been much given to imitating each 
other, and the standard stoves made by these exhibitors have been 
" original " with many firms ; which speaks well for their popularity, 
and excellent qualities which are exhibited. The Stewart stoves for 
1873 are the result of twenty years' experience, and every part is so 
made as to secure durability, economy, and perfect operation. The 
castings of these stoves being particularly noticeable for their great 
smoothness. The Stewart heating stoves have told their own story 
in the comfort they have brought to thousands of homes during the 
past ten years, and need no comment. For houses of those having 
large families, the Warren elevated double oven range exhibited 
seems to be the ideal article, and one look at its ample provisions 
fully demonstrates the fact. The success of this, like other goods, 
seems to be dependent upon its acknowledged efficiency. The J. A. 
Lawson's heaters assure the critic that within houses containing 
them it will be continual summer throughout the year ; and the fact 
that they leak no gas, and are easily managed, is indeed a recom- 
mendation. W. J. Keep's side-burning, self-feeding parlor stoves 
and fire-place heaters, with their "non-clinker" and shaking fire- 
pots, powerful illumination and heating properties, mark a new era 
in the stove trade. Other prominent features in the goods displayed 
by this firm consist of their hot-blast ranges, and especially the low 
drum grate Franklin stove, called the "Harvard." This firm con- 
sumes forty tons of iron daily, in the manufacture of stoves ; and 
those enumerated above are but a few of the many different kinds 
made. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 2 1 r 

86. — C. Flammer, 45 West Adams street, Chicago. Ornamental 
Japanned Ware, consisting of Tea Caddies, Water Coolers, Coffee 
and Spice Cans, etc. Particularly noticeable was a glass picture of 
the Exposition building and several bouquet and checker tables, dec- 
orated with views on glass tops. This work is a specialty of Mr. 
Flammer, and is patented by him. The patent consists of transfer- 
ring from stone to glass, and of which process as yet but little is 
known. The work is first engraved on stone, and when transferred 
to the glass is inlaid by mother-of-pearl, as the fancy of the artist 
suggests. The picture is upon the reverse side of the glass, and has 
the appearance of an elegant painting covered by glass, while in real- 
ity the picture seen is upon the glass itself, and presents a splendid 
and durable parlor decoration. 

Of the Japanned work shown, all the ornamentation was done by 
band, and were not transfers, as is usually the case with such work. 

This artistic display reflects much credit upon the exhibitor, and 
marks him as an artist of repute, 

87. — Kirk & Barker, 196 and 198 Lake street, Chicago, Heavy 
Hardware, Wheels, Spokes, Hoop Iron, etc. This leading house 
made a large and imposing display of heavy hardware, wagon and 
carriage material. Particularly noticeable in their exhibition was a 
glass case containing some beautiful specimens of coach and carriage 
lamps and nickel plated tips. Among the specialties of. this house 
shown were Burden's celebrated horse and mule shoes, and the 
Northwestern *' finished " horse nails. 

88, — D. H. Keyes, 79 Dearborn street, Chicago, Allen's ' Patent 
Oil Safe, This is a very important invention, and as a matter of 
economy, safety, and convenience for all manufacturers who use oils of 
any kind it seems indispensable. The outside casing of wood and 
the lining of zinc are made entirely independent. The lining is of 
heavy zinc and lead, and every seam m it is thoroughly soldered 
upon both sides. The bottom is constructed, to make use of a 
familiar article to illustrate, like a '' hopper" in a grist mill. The 
four sides of the bottom converge to the center, being made of a 
single piece of heavy lead, pressed into shape in a mould. The 
place of discharge for the oil is at the lowest point or center of the 
bottom, corresponding with the point in the "hopper " through which 
the grain discharges. This place of discharge is connected with the 
faucet in front by a lead pipe, 

^9. — S. H. Ransom & Co., 6 and 8 River street, Chicago, Stoves 



212 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

in great variety. This firm is said to be the most ancient institution 
of the kind in the country, and occupied space sufficient for the 
conspicuous exhibition of a large stock, representing the multitude 
of styles, forms, and sizes of various patents and inventions in cook 
stoves, parlor, office, warehouse, and dining-room stoves, etc., some 
of them representing the perfection of mechanical finish in iron 
goods. Among those which formed conspicuous objects of attraction 
were the Lighthousp self-feeding, base-burning heating stove, the 
Vanguard cooking stove, for soft coal or wood, the modern Vulcan 
cooking stove, for hard coal or wood, besides a great variety of coal 
and wood heating and cooking stoves adapted, by their construction, 
to the varied wants of all classes of people. The great foundry of 
this firm is at Albany, N. Y., while the western establishment is under 
the management of Mr. H. W. Bliss. The many excellent qualities 
the wares of this house are said to possess, have been practically 
demonstrated to the satisfaction of all using them for the pasty^/y 
years they have been before the public, and hence no description is 
required, as the imprint of the firm on any stove is a sufficient 
guarantee of their excellence. 

90. — Jno. F. Roth, dd Lake street, Chicago, exhibited a window 
sash to which was applied the Anderson Patent Sash Balance. This 
appliance is one of the many useful patents of the day, and by its 
use, weights, pulleys, and boxes are entirely superceded. It is neat, 
simple, durable, and cheap, and is a perfect balance at all points. 
Over 300,000 are in use in the city of Chicago alone. The above 
named exhibitor is the sole proprietor and manufacturer of this val- 
uable patent, and for which Mr. H. F. Kett is manager. 

91. — E. H. Robinson, 17 Cottage place, Chicago. New Ruling 
Device, or double-tongued square, for the use of wof)d-working me- 
chanics. This tool is a rule of equal thickness, having two permanent 
right angles and a slotted adjustable bar placed upon it, with tightening 
screws at each end, by which it may be fastened in any position de- 
sired, in the various uses for which it is designed. It is unequaled 
by any yet introduced to the public for facility and convenience in 
laying out mortices, tenons, gains and sizings ; and is useful as a 
gauge, a pitchboard for laying out stair-stringers, also as a bevel for 
all kinds of mitres, roof-pitches, etc. Mechanics should examine 
this great improvement upon the common square and they will readily 
find it all that is claimed for it, and a valuable labor and time-saving 
invention. 



THE EXHIBITOR S. 213 

92. — Rathbone, Sard & Co., Albany, Detroit, 38 and 40 Lake 
street, Chicago. One of the largest exhibitions of Stoves in the Ex- 
position was made by this well-known firm. The display being of 
such immense variety prevents a full description of each stove, but a 
careful list is appended of the various names, styles, etc., and it is 
regretted a more extended mention cannot be accorded, as each and 
every article shown by this firm is claimed as first class, and so justly 
popular are their goods that the imprint of the firm upon any stove 
is a sufficient guarantee of its excellence. The following is the list 
of stoves exhibited, all of which were manufactured by them : No. 9 
Fearless, with low copper reservoir and cast closet for bituminous 
coal. No. 8 Fearless, plain top for bituminous coal. No. 8 Fearless, 
with low copper reservoir and cast closets, with anti-clinker grate 
and illuminated mica front. No. 9 Fearless, with low copper reser- 
voir and cast closet for wood. No. 9 Fearless, plain top, with cast 
water front. No. 7 Rathbone range, for hard coal, soft coal or wood. 
A No. 8 Rathbone ditto. No. 7 Rathbone range, with hot closet 
and water back. A No. 8 ditto. No. 10 Hotel Fearless, with reser- 
voir and closet. No. 824 Acorn cook, plain top, for wood. No. 926 
Acorn cook, with low copper reservoir and closet. No. 8 Pacific, 
plain top, for coal. No. 9 Prairie, with low reservoir, for coal or 
wood. No. 8 Loyal cook, plain top, for wood. No. 9 Loyal cook, 
with low copper reservoir and closet. No. 12, 14 and 16 Brilliant, 
anti-clinker, reversible flue, double bottom, reversible flue base 
burner for hard coal. No. 5 Brilliant, oval. No. 20 Hickory, for 
wood. No. 24 Hickory, for wood. No. 2 Acorn, for wood, base 
heater. No. 3 Acorn, for wood, base heater. No. 24 Camelia, for 
wood, base heater. No. 19 Swiss Cottage parlor, for wood. No. 22 
Swiss parlor, for coal. No. 25 Swiss parlor cook, for coal. No. 14 
Monitor, hot base coal burner. No. 7 Templar, coal burner. No. 
15 Gen. Franklin, for coal or wood. No. 12 Aurora, self-feeder, for 
coal. No. 22 New Iris, for coal, and No. 25 New Iris, for wood. 

93. — Abram Reese, Pittsburg, Pa. Patent Safety Railway Car 
Stove. By the use of this stove the many terrible railway accidents, 
which are of so frequent an occurrence, might be prevented. The 
stove is automatic and self-extinguishing. It will instantly ex- 
tinguish the fire, in case the car leaves the track or in the event of a 
collision by which the timbers of the car are damaged. There is no 
steam, no explosion, no gas and no dust. No more valuable article 
has ever been invented, and this stove should receive favorable con- 



214 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

sideration from every railroad man in the country, and no delay 
should be used in its general adoption by every road in the United 
States. 

94.-^.RussELL & Erwin Manufacturing Company, New Britain, 
Conn. Door Trimmings. A pleasing display was made of bronze 
and other door trimmings, of the manufacture of the exhibitors. 

95. — C. E. Roberts & Co., 7 and 9 South Jefferson street, Chi- 
cago. Screws. In the display of this firm great taste was evinced 
in its arrangement. An unique glass case, octagon in shape, con- 
tained screws from one-eighth of an inch to one foot in length, 
which were neatly fastened to an inner frame, the background of 
which was covered by black velvet, the whole presenting a fine and 
attractive appearance. This firm manufacture case-hardened set- 
screws, steel set-screws, machine and cap screws, etc. A bolt 
machine in operation was also exhibited, showing how rapidly the 
article is made. 

96. — Rogers & Co., 144 Market street, Chicago. Exhibited sec- 
tions of wrought iron pipe, beams, girders, channel tee axle irons, 
etc. 

97. — ScoviLLE Manufacturing Company, Waterbury, Conn. 
Western office, 137 State street, Chicago. Sheet Metals, Hinges, 
Buttons, etc. This Company, who are so well and favorably known 
as the manufacturers of the finest sheet brass, German silver, and 
plated metals, had on exhibition some very fine specimens of these 
metals in sheets. They also displayed various other goods manufac- 
tured by them, including gilt and fancy dress buttons, thimbles, 
kerosene burners, etc. The display was finely arranged and the 
Company's wares admirably represented, for which E. H. Patterson, 
Esq., Western Manager, is entitled to much credit, and by whose 
able efforts the Company has been brought into prominence in the 
west. 

98. — N. L. Stow, 27 and 29 South Clinton street, Chicago. Carriage 
and Wagon Work, Axles, Tongues, etc. Prominent among the above 
mentioned articles was exhibited the complete wood work for 
a buggy. The work was excellently well done, the seams being so 
well brought together as to be invisible, and resembled one piece of 
wood. 

99. — C. H. Smith, 253 Lake street, Chicago. Lightning Rods. A 
large walnut frame, the background of which was covered by black 
velvet, upon which was artistically arranged points and fixtures for 



THE EXHIBITORS. 215 

all kinds of rods, neatly surrounded by specimens of the tubular 
fluted copper lightning rod, a specialty of the exhibitor, by whom 
it is manufactured. This rod is said to be vastly superior to all other 
rods now made, owing to its peculiar tubular shape. 

100. — Sinclair Brothers, 396 State street, Chicago. Griffith's 
Patent Archimedean Ventilators and Smoke Conductors. This 
invention consists of an Archimedean screw suspended within a cyl- 
inder, centered upon an imperishable substance, moving without 
noise, and surmounted by a rotary head which is so delicately hung 
that the least breath of air will cause it to revolve. The screw 
within the cylinder, revolving with almost inconceivable rapidity, acts 
as a pump, exhausting the air from^ the flue, thereby creating a ten- 
dency to vacuum which must be filled from below. This simple 
explanation will show to all, that, in a chimney or ventilation flue, 
topped by one of these ventilators, a draft is a necessary effect. 
Applied to the airing of rooms, ventilation is inevitable ; applied to 
chimneys, the smoke must ascend. 

loi. — William Starke, 206 West Randolph street, Chicago. 
Flynn's Patent Self-Fastening Bed Springs. Each spring is self- 
fasie7img, and can be applied directly to the slats of the bedsteads 
without making holes or any other preparation, and being all com- 
plete in itself, needs not the attachment of any wood, iron, or leather 
work to fasten it to the bedstead, or to connect it to the other springs. 

102. — Sterns & CoATES, 170 Washington street, Chicago. The 
Health Lift. A most ingenious instrument, adapted to physical cul- 
ture. It is simple, practical, healthful and thoroughly indorsed by 
the medical fraternity of the entire country. Its mechanism is won- 
derful, and a personal examination of its many merits for the 
purpose intended would amply compensate any one for the time 
expended in so doing, and as health is more valuable than gold or 
silver, this apparatus, which is conducive to the same, may be said to 
be invaluable. 

103. — Sargent, Greenleaf & Brooks, 25 Randolph street, Chi- 
cago. Patent Adjustable Elbow and Combination Locks, The patent 
elbow exhibited is really a novel invention. They are manufactured 
of all kinds of sheet metal, and possess advantages over every other 
elbow in the market. They readily fit a right angle, any angle 
between that and a straight line, an offset ■ — either horizontal or per- 
pendicular- — a beveled elbow, and almost any turn or twist that can 
be conceived of. Thus their use prevents all the usual trouble in 



2i6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

adjusting stove or furnace pipes to odd corners or turns, and work- 
men of ordinary skill can do the work for which, heretofore, the 
highest price men have been required. The adjustable elbow, with 
this brief description, must commend itself as being one of the most 
useful articles introduced. The celebrated locks of this firm also 
occupied a prominent place in their display. These locks are manu- 
factured at Rochester, N. Y. This firm, in addition to their office here, 
have salesrooms in Boston, New York, St. Louis and San Francisco. 
Their celebrated combination lock is now adopted by the United 
States government, and used by the heaviest banks and business 
houses in the country. Their beautiful mortise-key locks, with their 
small, flat keys, are becoming universal favorites, and can be seen on 
the finest -blocks and buildings of rebuilt Chicago. 

104. — George M. Scott, Twenty-second and Johnson streets, Chi- 
cago. Blacksmiths' Bellows. An important improvement of these 
bellows consists of increasing the capacity of the upper chamber, 
where the power of a bellows lies. The upper chamber is a reser- 
voir for compressed air, as in the force pump, acting upon the fire in 
a strong and long continued heat. This great advantage is readily 
seen in the saving of time and coal in bringing iron to a needed heat, 

105. — Champlin & Rogers, 155 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Machin- 
ists', Gas and Steam Fitters' Tools, etc. A great variety of tools of 
all kinds were shown by this house, consisting of machine bits, of all 
sizes; checks, wrenches, vices, of every variety; Morse twist drills, 
Darling, Brown & Sharpe's United States standard rules and machin- 
ists' tools, steel and iron set-screws, of every variety and length ; Ste- 
phen's patent parallel vice, with attachment; Union bit clasps, 
LeCount's patent iron and steel clamps, lathe dogs, Tanite emery 
wheels, emery grinders, diamond tools, etc. This firm are general 
agents for the west and south for goods manufactured by the New 
York Tap and Die Company, whose goods were also represented by 
a full line, and of which the exhibitors make a specialty. 

106. — D. A. Sperry & Co., Batavia, 111. A display of Boilers, 
Sugar Kettles, Caldrons, Hollow Ware, etc. 

107. — Frank Sturges& Co., 72 to 76 Lake street, Chicago. Tin- 
ners' Goods, consisting of Tinned Iron Ware for kitchen furnishing; 
Stamped or Pressed Tin Ware for kitchen furnishing; Japanned Tin 
Ware for house and kitchen furnishing; Japanned Tin and Iron 
Ware for spice dealers, grocers, etc. ; Tin Cans and Boxes for paints, 
oils, spices, etc. Trimmings of Tin, Iron and Copper, for tin-. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 217 

ners' use. In addition to the above display, this firm presented the 
attraction of making tin ware by the aid of improved machinery. 

108. — N. W. Spaulding & Brothers, 20 South Canal street, Chi- 
cago. Saws. This firm exhibited two of their patent, inserted tooth, 
circular saws which are manufactured by them, and of their own 
patent. These saws are highly endorsed and are said to be equal if 
not superior to any circular saws in use. 

109. — Edward Smeeth, 125 West Randolph street, Chicago. 
Brass Castings, etc. This house was represented by a full line of its 
most prominent productions, that consisted of heavy copper work for 
grain and alcohol distilleries, and for rolling mills, heavy brass cast- 
ings and milk cans. The establishment of this exhibitor is one of 
the oldest of the kind in Chicago, and the display of its productions 
was highly creditable. 

no. — TiLLOTSON Brothers & Co., 272 State street, Chicago. 
Stoves and Ranges. This firm made a creditable display of various 
styles of cook and parlor stoves, prominent among which were Ma- 
gee's celebrated portable range. Advance and Standard cook stoves-, 
Standard parlor. Round Illuminator, Champion dining-room heater, 
Treadwell Stove Company's Franklin Illuminator, for hard coal, and 
many other popular brands of stoves ; a fair showing was also made 
of housekeeping goods in great variety. 

HI. — Tenney & Potter, 275 and 277 Madison street, Chicago. 
Rubber Stamps, Stencils, etc. A commendable display was made by 
this firm, including printing wheels, seal presses, hotel checks, steel 
stamps, door plates, etc. ; all of which were well executed, and with 
creditable skill. 

112. — The Corrugated Iron Company, 79 Dearborn street, Chi- 
cago. Corrugated Iron Work. This display was of interest espe- 
cially to Chicagoans, who are ever ready to examine carefully all that 
pertains to giving additional security from a second invasion of the 
"fiery fiend." A large corrugated iron house was exhibited by this 
Company, showing doors, shutters, roofing, siding and shingles, all 
manufactured from the celebrated corrugated iron. In the construc- 
tion of buildings, great care is taken to provide heavy walls and safe 
roofs, but in the majority of cases the windows and doors are left 
unprotected, and it is through these openings that fire gains access. 
The old style of ordinary plain iron shutters, being made of heavy 
iron in order to give them stiffness, would consequently hold more 
heat than light iron, and when heated would warp the wall, and so 



2i8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

change their shape as to become practically useless for protection. 
In the manufacture of shutters of corrugated iron, lighter iron is used 
and obtain stiffness and strength by corrugating it, each corrugation 
acting like a brace through the sheet. And when made double, with 
an air chamber between, if the outside sheet does not become heated 
the circulation of air which takes place between the two sheets pre- 
vents the inside sheet from being affected. This iron is highly en- 
dorsed by builders and architects, and is undoubtedly an excellent 
article, and one deserving the careful consideration of all. 

113. — C. C. Jerome, 175 South Clark street, Chicago. Thorp's 
Portable Burglar Alarm. This simple mechanical device, which 
weighs about a half pound, and can be carried in the pocket, valise 
or trunk, and can in a second be attached, making it impossible for 
a burglar to enter your room, and if the attempt even be made, it 
sends forth its warning that will awaken the soundest sleeper or 
frighten the boldest robber. The size of the smallest alarm is a little 
larger than a hen's egg, with bridge underneath and extending 
springs, which when laid on the floor or carpet, wedges the door, 
making it impossible to open the same and causes the alarm to sound 
at once. The door can either be locked or left ajar at the option of 
the occupant, and if the alarm is attached, no person can enter your 
room, while any attempt so to do will cause the alarm to sound. 

114- — TiBBALS, Shirk & Whitehead, 141 and 143 Lake street, 
Chicago. Stoves. A good showing was made by this firm of goods 
from the celebrated manufactory of Perry & Co., Albany, N. Y., 
together with a fine assortment of stoves of the exhibitors' own man- 
ufacture, whose works are located at Erie, Pa. The display com- 
prised many well and favorably known styles, such as Argand base 
burner, American base burner, new " Head Light," American cook, 
American heater, etc., all of which are thoroughly known to the pub- 
lic, and need no description of the many qualities they possess. 
The exhibition made by this house was commendable, and the ar- 
rangement of the goods shown evinced good taste and judgment. 

115. — J. F. WoLLENSAK, 128 LaSallc street, Chicago. A variety 
of Locks, Bells, Letter Plates, Miscellaneous Hardware and Pat- 
ented Articles. Prominent among the latter was the patent transom 
lifter and lock, patented and manufactured by the exhibitor. This 
is really a meritorious invention, and the only one ever invented for 
raising and lowering transoms and fanlights. It is simple in con- 
'struction and very durable, and dispenses entirely with cords, pullies, 



THE EXHIBITORS. 219 

buttons and all other contrivances heretofore used to open and shut 
transoms. By the use of the patent lifter the transom can be raised 
or lowered at will, and securely fastened at any point. It is also a 
perfect lock when the transom is closed, no other fastening being 
required. Another invention of this exhibitor is a patent shade 
roller for heavy store shades. Very cheap and simple in construc- 
tion. No friction on the pivot, and being self-locking, always holds 
the shade in any position, and prevents the shade from falling, as is 
often the case, and by which much damage is done. This gen- 
tlemen also exhibited a newspaper file that was very ingenious, sim- 
ple and practical. 

116. — Westfield Lock Works, Westfield, N. Y.; office, 137^ 
Lake street, Chicago. Locks, Latches, Knobs, etc. A very neat 
and attractive display was made of the products of the above works. 
Wares of their manufacture were displayed in great variety of styles, 
and among which was especially noticeable a very beautiful lock 
and latch combined, manufactured of box metal and finely finished. 
This lock is a specialty of the works, and has been adopted by the 
United States Government, by whom it is extensively used where 
superior locks are required, the Mint at Philadelphia being furnished 
throughout with this lock. The Westfield Lock Works have reason 
to feel honored by this mark of recognition on the part of the 
Government in adopting their locks as those possessing superior 
qualities, and which have made the enviable reputation enjoyed upon 
merit alone. 

117- — Wakefield Earth Closet Company, 112 Fifth avenue, 
Chicago. Automatic Earth Closet. This article is admirably 
adapted for the sick chamber, and is one of the simplest and most 
useful inventions of modern times. 

ii8.' — North Chicago Rolling Mill Company ; office, cor. Ran- 
dolph and LaSalle streets, Chicago. Iron Bars, Pig Metal, Steel Ingots, 
Steel and Iron Rails, Muck Bar, Bar Iron, Boiler Plate, Steel, Iron, 
and Silver Ores. The specimens of steel exhibited by this Com- 
pany for quality are unequaled, and the reputation of their rails are 
unsurpassed. The display made by these exhibitors was large, 
and attracted unusual attention from admirers of the produc- 
tions of the useful metals. The mill of this Company covers 
eighteen acres of ground, and has the annual capacity of over 
100,000 tons of its several productions above enumerated. 

119.— Wyandotte Rolling Mill Company, Wyandotte, Mich. ; 



2 20 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

office, Detroit, Mich. Rails, Bar Iron, Boiler Plate, Chains, and 
Fish Plates. The display made of the products from the above cel- 
ebrated mills consisted of ores, charcoal iron made from Lake Supe- 
rior ore, boiler plates and heads, chains, rails, etc. The superiority 
of Wyandotte iron over other iron is owing to the fact that it is all 
made from selected Lake Superior ore, and plate charcoal hammered 
by a new process of this Company, by which they are enabled to 
make plate free from blister. Wyandotte iron takes its leading 
position for the many qualities it possesses, and particularly for its 
tensity. Comparative tests of Lake Superior iron, as compared with 
the other best iron in the world, show that Lake Superior iron has 
more tensity than the best Swede, English, or other American iron. 
D. B. Martin, Engineer-in-Chief United States Navy, in his report to 
the Secretary, speaking of this iron, says: "A piece was drawn 
down to an inch in diameter (round), made into a chain link, tested 
in the cable proving machine, and broke at 169,120 lbs." The mills 
of this Company cover about fifteen acres of ground, and have a 
capacity of 50,000 tons per year. The specimens of products exhib- 
ited by this Company fully sustain the high reputation given Lake 
Superior iron by the most competent judges in the country. 

120. — Wilson & Evenden, 46 and 48 West Lake street, Chicago. 
Patent Oil Cans and Tanks. This firm make these goods a specialty. 
The oil tank, which is made of heavy galvanized iron, with Wilson's 
patent revolving dome and Evenden's patent measuring force pump, 
is about the neatest, most complete and perfect in every respect, of 
anything in this line that was ever exhibited. The top is so arranged 
as to afford the utmost space for pump and the requisite utensils. It 
is next to impossible to get out of order, and presents the most tasty 
appearance. The pump, which will accurately measure the liquids 
passing through it, and at the same time is simple in its construction 
and rapid in operation, is worthy a Chicago manufacturer. It is used 
for filling as well as emptying the tank, and throws fifty gallons in 
six minutes. The Evenden patent jacket transportation can is well 
known to the trade of the west, and truly merits its popularity. 

121. — Warren Brothers, 447 State street, Chicago. Patent Metal 
Center Pieces for Ceilings. The metal center pieces are an entirely 
new invention, patented by the exhibitors, who were also the invent- 
ors. This is the first instance on record where metal was ever used 
for the purpose as above stated. These center pieces are made of 
different styles and patterns, and are certainly a great improvement 



THE EXHIBITORS. 221 

over plaster or stucco, to which they are vastly superior in every way, 
and far more durable. They are light, and are no weight on the ceil- 
ing, and can Joe removed in case of painting, gas fitting, or calcimin- 
ing, and easily readjusted at pleasure. In appearance, these center 
pieces are made to resemble stucco or any other style desired. The 
invention is a highly commendable one, and will doubtless come into 
general favor, as it deservedly should. 

122. — J. J. Wade, 95 South Desplaines street, Chicago. Gas Fix- 
tures, Plumbers' Ware, etc. A very attractive showing was made by 
the exhibitor of goods in the above line, and most excellently ar- 
ranged, the entire display being neatly enclosed by a railing made of 
gas pipe. Marble top and enameled cast iron washstands, bath tubs, 
chandeliers, etc., were exhibited in a variety of styles. A noticeable 
feature in the plumbing department was a cook stove, with hot water 
pipes and boiler attached, also patent water closet attachments, etc. 
The whole formed one of the most imposing displays in this line of 
goods in the Exposition. 

123. — Sard & Foote, 182 State street, Chicago. This firm made 
a very creditable display of Patent Stove Furniture for culinary pur- 
poses, although they are dealers in stoves and housekeeping goods 
generally. Upon this occasion they exhibited what is known as 
Anderson's patent culinary utensils. The improvement claimed over 
other kinds consists in attaching the boiler with a shell whose lower 
edge rests upon the stove, while the bottom of the pot is so upheld 
that the vapor arising from the food while being cooked is allowed to 
escape through the pot hole into the stove, and from thence into the 
chimney. The lid, which is concave in form, and perforated, rests 
upon the shell, causing the steam arising from the pot to condense on 
the under side, and drop back into the pot. It is claimed that by 
this method meats, fish or vegetables can be broiled, fried or boiled 
without in the least affecting the olfactory nerves of the most sensi- 
tive person during the process. Mr. Sard is the sole agent for the 
United States for the sale of this furniture. 

124. — J. L. Wayne & Son, 74 and 76 Randolph street, Chicago. 
W. D. Gibson, Manager. Hardware, Cutlery, etc. A highly at- 
tractive and imposing display of the wares of this house was made 
by the enterprising manager, which reflected great credit upon him 
for its artistic arrangement, and also upon the firm, the extreme 
good quality of the wares shown, which fact has always been a 
noticeable feature characterizing the business of the firm. Among 



222 , EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

the goods shown was a case of elegant pocket and table cutlery, 
Hemish's celebrated shears, Corbin, Russell & Erwin's, and Mai- 
lory, Wheeler & Co.'s locks, undertaker's goods, builders' hardware, 
in extensive variety, wood mouldings, carvings, etc., an especially 
attractive feature of the display being a large show card of nails, of 
all sizes, fastened to the frame, representing the mechanic's hand? 
hammer and anvil. An extensive line of all goods were also shown 
incidental to the hardware trade. The Chicago house of these 
exhibitors is one of a chain of three, the others being located in 
New York and Cincinnati respectively. 

125. — W. W. Wilcox, 148 West Van Buren street, Chicago. 
Exhibited, a fine display of railroad, hotel and baggage checks, of 
his own manufacture, which were well executed. 

126. — Stephen Wilks, 143 State street, Chicago. Patent Car 
and Hotel Ranges, The display of this exhibitor consisted of hotel 
and car ranges, carving tables, vegetable steamers, broilers and cop- 
per and tin cooking utensils, of every description, manufactured by 
him. The car range is the same as those used exclusively by the 
Pullman Palace Car Co.' in their famous hotel cars, and by sevefal 
prominent railroads in their paymasters' and directors' cars. This 
range is a model of completeness, the small sizes of which are 
adapted for families, while the larger ones are intended for hotels 
and restaurants. The excellence of these famous ranges can oe 
testified to by many prominent hotel keepers and restaurateurs 
throughout the northwest, by whom they are used. A fine specimen 
of a carving table was also shown, which possessed many excellent 
points, and compared favorably with the ranges, which were both 
first-class articles, as are all the goods thus far produced by the 
exhibitor. 

127. — A. L. WiNNE & Co., 57 and 59 Wells street, Chicago. Steam 
Heating Apparatus, etc. Among the articles shown by this firm and 
deserving of special mention, may be named the '' Union Steam and 
Water Heating Apparatus," for warming and ventilating private resi- 
dences and public buildings. In application, the entire apparatus is 
located in the basement or cellar, where is erected a steam generator 
or boiler, made of cast iron, in separate sections, each a complete 
boiler in itself, so that, by using a greater or less number of these 
sections, the capacity of the boiler will be increased or diminished to 
adapt it to the size of the building to be warmed. This, with its 
necessary appurtenances, is so constructed in substantial brickwork 



THE EXHIBITORS, 223 

that there is secured not only the power of heating up quickly and 
thoroughly, but, what is very desirable in warm weather, the ability 
of maintaining a moderate heat by means of its external radiating 
surface, without assistance from the radiators, which insures great 
economy in the consumption of fuel. The simple construction of 
the boiler, and the fact that the fire is entirely surrounded by water 
(except at the grate), makes it entirely safe from accident by fire. 
The pressure of steam under which the apparatus operates is limited 
to three pounds per square inch, at which limit, by an automatic 
regulator, the draught door is closed, rendering the further accumu- 
lation of steam impossible. As an additional security, a safety-valve 
is attached to the boiler, by which, at all times, all the steam that 
arises above the given pressure of three pounds can escape. From 
the steam generator or boiler the steam is conveyed through wrought 
iron pipes to the patent steam radiator, which is also made of cast 
iron, and so constructed as to increase the external surface to fully 
three times the extent of the inner, so that the heat is liberated at a 
much lower temperature than the steam inside, imparting to the air 
a soft and genial warmth, without detracting from its natural moist- 
ure or otherwise injuring it. The pure fresh air from the outside is 
warmed by contact with these radiators, placed in chambers especially 
prepared therefor in the basement or cellar, and located directly 
under the rooms to be warmed, and is thence conveyed by means of 
flues and registers to the different apartments, each receiving its own 
separate and independent column of steam-warmed air. When a 
sufficient pressure of steam has been obtained it immediately operates 
on an automatic draft-regulator, shutting the draft-door, and conse- 
quently checking the fire and the increase of steam. When, by con- 
densation, this pressure is released, the draft-door again opens, and 
the fire and steam increases until the pressure is again obtained. A 
self-acting valve is attached to each table or stack of radiators, which 
allows free egress to the air and permits the steam to enter, and so 
make its heat available, as air and steam cannot at the same time 
occupy the same space. 

Besides the entire apparatus described, there were exhibited single 
radiators and those in stacks. There were also different styles of 
box or pipe coil radiators, and radiator screens of various patterns, 
the whole making a costly and attractive display, worthy the occasion 
and enterprise of this well-known firm. 

.128. — L. Wolff, 109 and 11 1 West Lake street, Chicago. Copper 



2 24 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

and Brass Work, Plumbers' Material, etc. A fine exhibition was 
made by this exhibitor of copper boilers, bath tubs and plumbers' 
materials in great variety. A full line of the goods manufactured 
by this house were shown, consisting of brass work for water, steam 
and gas; copper ware for hotels and confectioners' use. Plumbers' 
supplies are made a specialty, and the display made of this class of 
goods was particularly noteworthy. 

129. — H. C. Van Schaack, 50 State street, Chicago. Stoves, 
Ranges, etc. Among the many attractive features in the stove line, 
comprising the display of this well-known exhibitor, was the "Hub" 
range, manufactured by the Boston & Maine Foundry Co. of Boston, 
Mass. ; a range justly celebrated, and so well known that an enume- 
ration of its many qualities are not required here. It is beautifully 
finished, occupying less room than an ordinary cook stove, with 
greater capacity and consumes less fuel. The " Buck " range also 
claims a share of attention, which is manufactured by the Simmonds 
Manufacturing Co., of New York. This range is designed to be set 
up in brick work. It has two large ovens and hot water closet 
above, and is unequaled for its cooking capacity. The modern 
improvement of the water back is commendable, giving at all 
tirnes an abundant supply of water. The fire box is economical in 
construction and saving in quantity of fuel consumed. The " Ra- 
diant Home " parlor stove, manufactured by Johnson, Black & Co., 
of Erie, Pa., is a model stove. This exhibitor also showed four 
sizes of the celebrated " Fisher " refrigerators, which are manufac- 
tured by him, as are all of these renowned articles. The four sizes 
shown have been adopted as the standard, and are extensively used 
and pronounced the ne plus ultra of all refrigerators. A large and 
attractive display was also made of carved walnut goods manufac- 
tured by the exhibitor, whose exhibition may be classed as among 
the most attractive features of the Exposition. 




Exmmwv. <i©»jwiijf!itt. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 225 



DEPARTMENT "D." 

l^ali) iiflatecial (not IBetalKc) anti (Efiemical anti iEatural^ro::^ 
tiuctis ^^seti m tJ)e (JO^ommon ^rtg, 

SECTION I. 

Fibres hi Different Stages of Preparation — Wool, Cotton, Silk, Hemp, Indian 

Mallow, Ramie, etc. 

I. — J. I. & J, W. Clapp, Kenosha, Wis. Exhibited two fleeces of 
Wool in cases. Noticeable for its extra fine quality. 

2. — G. F. Foster, Son & McFarron, 4 Market street, Chicago. 
Exhibited American and Russian Manilla Sisal, New Zealand and 
Jute Hemp Fibre in different stages of preparation, which were at- 
tractive as well as instructive. 

3. — James H. McConnell, Springfield, 111. Indian Mallow 
Fibre of Indian Mallow in different stages of preparation. 

4. — NoNOTUCK Silk Company, New York, Boston and .Chicago ; 
Chicago office, 147 State street. Spool Silk and Twist, etc. The 
productions of this Company stand unequaled in this country, and 
are pronounced the best in use, and the specimens shown seem to 
substantiate the sweeping endorsements previously given them. 
They were established in 1838, and are the oldest Company in the 
silk line at the present time. 



SECTION 2. 
Specimens of Wood for Useful and Ornamental Work, etc, 

I. — T. S. CoNSTANTiNE, 75 Randolph street, Chicago. Veneers 
and Fancy Woods. This display was rendered highly attractive by 
the woods exhibited, being shown not only in their finished state, but by 
the immense rough logs, showing the great labor necessary to produce as 
fine veneers and woods as those made by this house. The noticeable 
feature of this display consisted of an elaborately finished frame 
inlaid with fancy woods in the form of a star. It was a fine piece of 
workmanship, and one commendable to the exhibitors, and illustrated 

15 



22 6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

fully that the reputation already enjoyed by the house was justly 
deserved. 

2. — J. WiLLARD Smith & Co., 28 South Canal street, Chicago. 
The display of this firm (who are dealers in veneers, mahogany and 
fancy woods) was an artistic representation of their business, and 
consisted of a handsome frame, seven feet square, containing forty 
specimens of highly polished woods, gathered from every quarter of 
the globe, and framed in the form of a star. This elegant piece of 
workmanship attracted much attention, and reflected great credit 
upon the enterprising exhibitors. The line of business represented 
by this firm grows more important every year, as home manufactories 
continue to spring up. Only a few years ago and all the furniture for 
this section was shipped from the east ready for use. To-day some 
of the largest furniture and billiard manufactories in the country are 
located in and about Chicago. They have hitherto depended, singu- 
larly enough, upon the east for their supply of rich wood and veneers, 
until recently convinced that a large proportion of the stock they 
consume grows and is cut at their very doors in the west, and is only 
taken east to bring high prices in a strongly competitive market. 
The display made by these exhibitors fully assures buyers in this line 
that Chicago is the market to buy in. 

3. — Adolph Strum, -^6 South Clinton street, Chicago. This 
exhibitor, who is a dealer in fancy woods and veneers, adopted a 
novel and attractive mode to display his goods. A large frames 
about five feet square, entirely made of fancy woods, inlaid, repre- 
sented perfectly a map of the United States, the outlines of each 
State being perfect, and of different coloring. This was a master- 
piece of workmanship, and the exhibitor deserves credit, not only for 
the execution of the same, but the conception of so original an idea. 



SECTION 3. 

Furs, Peltries, Feathers, Hair, etc. 

I. — Charles Emmerich, 287 and 289 Madison street, Chicago. 
Feathers and Pillows. A fine display was made by this exhibitor, of 
feathers of different grades, pillows, and ticking. Although the names 
of the goods shown fully explain themselves, yet a word may not be 
here out of place in commendation of the quality of the articles ex- 
hibited in this display, they being as fine specimens as it could be 



THE EXHIBITORS. 227 

possible to produce, while the exhibitor is to be accorded much 
praise in the good judgment evinced in the selection of his produc- 
tions. 

2. — C. C. Wallen & Sons, 221 Lake street, Chicago. Exhibited 
several sides of Sole and Harness Leather, of the justly celebrated 
Union Cross brand, which is manufactured by this firm. This leather 
is considered superior to any in use for the purposes it is intended, 
and has a large sale among harness, and boot and shoe manufactur- 
ers of Chicago and other cities. The reputation of this leather is 
owing to the superior qualities imparted to it in its manufacture. 
This firm also exhibited a case of tools for tanners' use. 



SECTION 4. 

Artificial Fertilizers^ Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Artists' Colors and Materials, Pho- 
tographers Materials, etc. 

I. — P. M. Almini & Co., 344 State street, Chicago, made a fine 
and attractive display of artists' materials, paints, oils, brushes, for- 
eign and domestic designs in fresco, etc., the whole presenting an 
exhibition of much attraction to all, being arranged in a highly com- 
mendable manner, but the space occupied was not well adapted to 
show off the goods as well as might otherwise have been done. 

2. — Baeder, Adamson & Co., 182 State street, Chicago. Glue, 
Curled Hair, Flint Sand and Emery Paper, and Emery Cloth. The 
goods constituting this display are manufactured by the exhibitors 
as a specialty, being the only goods in which they deal, and as ordin- 
ary a line of trade as this branch may seem, yet to supply the 
demand for their production this firm have immense establishments 
in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, and the well known 
branch located in Chicago. Their productions rival any make, and 
while few outside of those experienced could tell if the goods exhib- 
ited were coarse or fine, for the information of such it may be said 
that they were of excellent quality. 

3. — Chase, Hanford & Co., r, 3 and 5 Wabash avenue, Chicago. 
The display of this firm consisted of some fine samples of paints 
and oils, — also Wilson's patent oil tank, and Barker's patent boxed 
faucet can, manufactured solely by Chase, Hanford & Co. The 
exhibition made by this firm, while by no means large or attractive, 
should not deteriorate from their established reputation of being one 



2 28 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

of the largest and most extensive houses in their line not only of 
Chicago but of the northwest. 

4. — Chicago White Lead and Oil Company, corner Green and 
Fulton streets, Chicago. The display of this Company consisted of 
their justly celebrated white lead; also, several excellent specimens 
of linseed oils, together with zinc white, dry colors and colors in oil, 
varnishes, etc. This Company, under the above corporate name, is 
comparatively a new concern; but is composed of men long and 
favorably known to the paint and oil trade of the northwest, and the 
reputation of their goods is such that the brand of this Company is 
a guarantee not only for their ready sale but their excellent quality. 
A 250 horse power engine is required to run the paint and color 
mills of this immense concern, which is probably doing the largest 
business in this line of any house in the west. The manufacture of 
white lead originated in Holland by the Dutch. The process of 
making is very interesting, and consists of the lead first being 
extracted from the ore or crude state and run into bars, which is 
called "pig lead," from which it is run into what is termed 
"buckles," and placed in earthen jars and covered with acetic acid 
or vinegar. These jars are then covered with manure or tan bark 
and left to stand until the ammonia of the covering causes corrosion, 
which takes place in from two to four months. The lead is then 
taken out and washed, and ground in stone mills, with water, and 
then allowed to settle in vats. The lead (v.diich is now a flaky 
white substance, resembling magnesia), is then carefully skimmed 
off the surface of the water and is ready for the oil. The manufac- 
ture of white lead in England takes, a much longer time, from six 
months to a year being consumed in the process; but the progres- 
sive nature of the American people has lessened the time to four 
months. The display of this firm was made without attempt to be 
"fancy," but simply to show their goods exactly as they are daily 
turned out from their factory. Notwithstanding this fact the display 
made was in every way praiseworthy, and reflected much credit not 
only to the Company but also to Mr. W. C. Wright, under whose 
management and care the exhibition was made. 

5. — Clindining & Co., 35 Clark street, Chicago. Samples of 
Homoeopathic Cerate. 

6. — French & Co., 23 South Water street, Chicago. Exhibited 
refined kettle-rendered leaf lard, in pails, buckets, kegs and tierces; 
also, lard, tallow and neatsfoot oils, of very fine quality. A very 



THE EXHIBITORS. 229 

attractive feature of this display was a plate glass show-case, con- 
taining several 10 pound pails, with the lids off, showing their con- 
tents to be lard, of as fine quality as one would wish to. admire, and 
admired it was by all those who were a judge of the necessities of 
life. 

7. — Fairbank, Peck & Co. Office, 45 LaSalle street, Chicago. 
Lard, in tierces, half barrels, buckets, caddies and tin pails, 
expressly put up and packed for family use. Lard oil, of various 
qualities, and extra Nos. i and 2 winter strained pure neatsfoot oil, 
all of their own manufacture. The display of this firm was particu- 
larly attractive and arranged with care. Suspended above their 
goods was the very appropriate trade-mark of the "boar's head," 
especially adapted to this business. 

8. — Galway & Sargent, cor. Throop and Sixteenth streets, 
Chicago. Soaps. A very attractive display of all kinds of soap. 

9. — Heath & Milligan, 170 and 172 Randolph street, Chicago. 
Paints, etc. A liberal and artistic display of colors, dry and in oil ; 
white lead, and numerous other materials used in painting and orna- 
menting buildings, was made by this firm. These exhibitors are 
extensive manufacturers of the finest brands of white lead, zinc and 
colors, and importers and wholesale dealers in English varnishes, 
bronzes, carmines and all fine colors, besides a vast assortment of 
brushes and painters' implements and materials generally. No house 
in the west is more widely or favorably known to the trade. Their 
display comprised several hundred most elegant specimens of their 
goods, taken from regular stock, but arranged with exquisite atten- 
tion to effect, and constituted in itself a feature deserving the atten- 
tion of those who admire taste in the arrangement of goods which 
in themselves are but plain articles of commerce. This firm is one 
of the " old reliable " houses of Chicago. Their goods are as stand- 
ard as flour. They sell about two millions of dollars per year of 
their manufactured articles, and their energies and the increased 
capacity of their immense establishment are unequal to the demand 
made for their goods. " H. & M." white lead holds an exceptionally 
high position in the market as an absolutely pure white lead. The 
house in fact pride themselves upon the standard excellence of their 
goods. 

10. — HOLDEN, Tascott & Co., 242 Madison street, Chicago. 
Paints. This firm exhibited specimens of the Chicago enamel paint, 
which is composed of the very best materials known to the paint 



230 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

trade, strictly pure white lead, without acids, metal zinc and pure 
western pressed linseed oil, with other ^materials, adding to the dura- 
bility, beauty, and strength of the paint — mixed ready for the brush 
— of pure white, or any shade or color. 

II. — Daniel B. Shipman, Fifteenth street, Chicago. This exhib- 
itor made an imposing as well as instructive display of White Lead. 
Perhaps very few persons are aware how white lead is manufac- 
tured, but from a glance at this stand one at once comprehended it. 
Commencing at one corner was the crude lead ore, next, the lead 
extracted therefrom, in bars, while adjoining were small thin moulds 
of lead in the crucible, ready for the burning process, after which is 
seen the lead, white and flaky like chalk, and from which, perhaps, 
it derives its name. Next it was seen in large, refined, white lumps, 
and lastly the article ready for use, packed in cans, kegs, and 
barrels. To any one unacquainted with the process of manufacture 
of this article, no more interesting study could be had in the Expo- 
sition building. 

12. — E. Schneider & Co., McGregor and Wallace streets, Chica- 
go. Star, Coach, Sperm, and Tallow Candles. From the material 
of which this display was composed, it would seem impossible to be 
very attractive, but nevertheless it was truly beautiful. Upon a plat- 
form, some four feet high and covered by blue cloth, was raised a 
monument of ten feet in height by four in diameter, surmounted by 
a large spread eagle. At a glance, one would pronounce the whole 
a fine piece of marble sculpture, but upon close inspection the mate- 
rial was found to be that of which candles are composed — a mixture 
of glycerine and sperm. Surrounding this beautiful piece of work- 
manship were candles, arranged in pyramids, and composing the va- 
rious kinds manufactured by this firm. A very fine article of chem- 
ically pure glycerine concluded the imposing display. 

13. — E. Shoeneman & Co., 425 and 427 (Chestnut street, Milwau- 
kee, Wis. A display of Morning Glory Stove Polish in packages. 
The nierits of this polish are many, and it is said to be unrivaled. 
It has carried off \\i^ first premium at all Fairs where it has been 
previously exhibited where prizes were offered to competitors. 

14. — C. T. Reynolds & Co., 21 Lake street, Chicago. A large 
display of Paints, Oils, Colors, Varnishes, and Artists' Materials ; also, 
every description of Brushes, and Architects' and Wax Flower Mate- 
rials, Painters' and Decorators' Supplies in great variety, all of 
which were taken from the regular stock in store, and not made 



THE EXHIBITORS. 231 

especially for exhibition. This firm is probably one of the oldest in 
this line of business in the United States, having been established 
in 1770. They have two stores, one of which is located at 106 and 
108 Fulton street, New York City, and the other at the above address 
in Chicago, the latter store being under the management of Mr. C. 
H. Cutler, the resident partner. 

15. — The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company, Jersey City, N. J., 
exhibited Dixon's World-renowned Carburet of Iron Stove Polish, 
Lead Pencils, Black Lead, Crucibles, and Plumbago; also specimens 
of American and Ceylon Crude Graphite. This house is the 
oldest in the plumbago trade in the United States, being established 
in 1827. 

16. — Hugh Ritchie, 211 to 221 Goethe street, Chicago, exhib- 
ited Fancy and Staple Soaps. 



DEPARTMENT " E." 
Instruments antJ JBacJinerg of tje easeful ^rts. 

SECTION I. 

For Mijiing and Metallurgy^ Borings Drilling, Quarrying, Crushing, etc. 

I. — Jacob J. Storer, 8 Summer street, Boston, Mass. Mining 
Machinery, Breakers and Pulverizers. The breaker or crusher is an 
iron cylinder or tub, the sides of which are of thick wrought iron 
plates, in several sections, perforated with holes of from three-quar- 
ters to one inch in diameter. The cover of the cylinder consists of 
two plates of cast iron, in one of which is the opening to which the 
hopper with swinging door is attached, and through which the mate- 
rial to be crushed is introduced. The bottom of the cylinder is a 
strong cast iron plate or table, on which are bolted several blocks of 
heavy hammers of iron faced with steel. When in position, the cyl- 
inder, with its top, is firmly fastened to strong timbers, while the table 
carrying the hammers is attached to the upright shaft, and is intended 
to revolve. The whole machine is surrounded by a chamber or hop- 
per for the collection of the crushed material. The table revolving 
freely upon a pivot resting in a cup of oil, moves with the least pos- 
sible friction. The material to be broken being fed into the cylinder 



232 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

through the feed hopper, falls until it reaches the upper edge of the 
revolving blocks or hammers, against which it is broken by concus- 
sion, and is thrown through the perforations in the sides of the cyl- 
inder into the surrounding hopper or chamber. The pulverizer is 
constructed solely for the pulverization, or reduction to dust, of sand 
and gravel, and cannot be used as a crusher or breaker. It consists 
of three parts or elements. The first is an automatic feed, which 
furnishes a regular and constant supply of the materialto be pulver- 
ized. The second is a series of paddle wheels revolving in an iron 
drum or cylinder, and generating vortices of air, which reduce gravel 
or sand into dust by causing a mutual attrition of particles. The 
third is the fan- blower, which is the continuation of the pulverizing 
cylinder, and separated from the pulverizing chamber by a diaphragm 
with a central opening, through which the dust is drawn from it by 
exhaustion as fast as produced. 



SECTION 2. 

Machinery and Implements used in Agriculture, Horticulture, Floriculture and 

Dairying, 

I, — W. H. Banks & Co., 34 and 36 Canal street, Chicago. Farm 
Machinery, Implements, etc. This display comprised a large assort- 
ment of agricultural implements and machinery, prominent among 
which are the Dodge Excelsior hay press, which attracted a great 
deal of attention from its novelty and for the excellence of its work. 
The press operates on an entirely new principle, and is constructed 
of a frame of cast iron, with a wrought iron column or support at 
each angle; to the upper end of the column is attached a circular 
cast iron platform or frame, having teeth on the inner circle, into 
which the teeth on the outer end of the conical press rollers gear ; 
above this platform or frame is a circular wrought iron frame with 
two arms connecting it with an iron hub in the center ; there are 
four press rollers which are supported at the small end by the hub, 
and at the outer or large end by boxes attached to the circular 
wrqught iron frame; a wrought iron pin or shaft runs down through 
the hub and through the sliding circular table upon which the bale 
is formed; on the upper end of the pin or shaft is a collar to sup- 
port it on the hub; underneath the table, and connected to it, is a 
friction box which is operated by a hand wheel grasping the pin or 



THE EXHIBITORS. 233 

shaft. The sliding table is a wrought iron frame covered with oak 
or hard wood plank or boards. Two wooden feed tables are 
attached to the circular wrought iron frame, and also two wooden 
sweeps to which horses are attached to work the press. If desired, 
the press may be worked by steam or water by the substitution of 
gears for sweeps. It is portable, and can be moved and placed in 
position in less time than two men can load a ton of hay and move 
it the same distance. The bales, being round, are easily handled ; 
can be made of any weight not exceeding five hundred pounds; of 
any length to suit cars in which they are shipped, and the hay is not 
injured in the least by the operation of pressing, which is as follows : 
The material to be pressed is placed upon the feed tables, which 
revolve with the action of the press when at work, and is fed down 
between the revolving rollers upon the circular table on which the 
bale is formed. As the substance is fed to the rollers it is constantly 
forced between them and the table, each succeeding layer receiving 
any desired degree *of pressure. As the amount of material con- 
stantly increases, something must yield, and here the table, restrained 
by the friction box, slowly yields to the increased thickness and 
descends, presenting in its descent a circular hard-pressed bale that 
can be held in its place by strong annealed wire. It will be seen 
that the bale is made solid from the start, and if no more than one 
foot in length, will weigh just as much in proportion as a full length 
bale. 

The lock lever hand rake is complete in construction, simple, 
durable, and makes the labor of raking so slight that a boy can do 
it. The teeth with spring coils are made from refined cast steel, 
tempered in oil, and put to the severest tests at factory. The rake 
is tilted by the driver's weight, only the slightest effort of the hand 
being required to raise and lower the lever discharging the hay. The 
Burdick hay, straw and stalk cutter is a strong machine, made 
of the best material and in the most thorough manner. One revo- 
lution of the crank gives five revolutions of the knife, and it is so 
constructed as to cut long or short at pleasure, no change of position 
or gear being necessary. The Eagle hand corn sheller and separator 
is unequaled in merit as to construction or operation. It is made 
with a frame joined with iron bolts, cast iron wheels are keyed on to 
the wrought iron shafts, the springs are tempered in oil, has heavy bal- 
ance wheel, runs very light, and shells all kinds of corn perfectly 
clean. The A. P. Dickey & Co. fanning mills are well known, and 



234 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Stand unrivaled. They do their work rapidly and well, and never 
fail to meet all reasonable demands. A special feature of this fan is 
the MacPhail hurdle and spout, which effects a further separation of 
matter rejected from grain being cleaned, by throwing off all foul sub- 
stances, such as straw, etc., and spouting out at the side and end of 
the hurdle any oats or other grain remaining. The American cider 
mill is everywhere well known and regarded in every respect as one 
of the best of its kind. The grinding parts are a top roller furnished 
with sharp projecting ribs, which break and cut the apples just suf- 
ficiently to allow the pieces to be drawn in between the two bottom 
rollers. These are cast with alternate grooves and ribs run at the 
same speed and interlocking each other, by which means the fruit is 
mashed thoroughly, breaking all the culls and rendering the subse- 
quent labor of pressing much lighter. The lower rollers are adjust- 
able, so that they tan be set to mash grapes without crushing the 
seed. 

The improved Buckeye force feed broadcast seeder is strictly 
a force feed, and gives a steady, even, constant stream ; does not 
bunch or break the grain ; will sow wheat, rye, oats, barley and flax ; 
is easily regulated to sow the desired quantity, and will sow that 
quantity correctly. The arrangement of the drag bars is very com- 
plete. Chains are attached to the upper side of each of the drag 
bars, which leaves no obstruction below them, and by pulling down 
on the lever, which is easily operated, the chains are wound around 
the lifting bar and the hoes are easily raised high to pass over 
obstructions, or for turning, and at the same time throws the feeders 
out of gear. It has high drag bars and long hoes, which are easily 
adjusted to any required depth, with no obstruction under the drag 
bars, thus allowing it to work in trashy ground. The Buckeye is a 
model for lightness, durability, good workmanship, neatness, and 
efficiency. 

This firm also exhibited a grain register, for measuring and 
counting grain as it comes from the threshing machine. 

The Excelsior money drawer, with combination lock, capable of 
fifty-two different changes, giving positive safety for money and 
private papers during business hours. Ice plows, and all the tools 
used in cutting and storing ice, while the fine display of hay forks, 
scythes, corn cutters, etc., together with the tasty ornamentation of 
the space allotted this firm, rendered their quarters an attractive 
place to all intimately or remotely interested in agricultural pursuits. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 235 

2. — C. AuLTMAN & Co., Canton, O. D. B. Whitacre, Agent, cor. 
Beach and Sebor streets, Chicago. Reaper and Mowers. This firm, 
who are the manufacturers of the celebrated " Buckeye " mowers and 
table rakes, which are said to be the best self-rakers known, exhibited 
one of their machines, to which was applied Willson's improved table 
rake, which is unlike any other rake in the market. It both com- 
presses and delivers the gavel, so as to have the heads away from the 
standing grain; rakes it at will, according as the grain stands thick 
or thin, and is so simple in its construction that it cannot add mate- 
rially to the draft over the ordinary dropper. The rake is independ- 
ent of the reel, so that a square reel can be used, thereby reeling the 
grain square on the platform, and not inclining it toward the outside 
divider board. The Buckeye with this rake can cut standing and 
lodged grain equally well. Another important point in this rake is, 
that it distributes the weight over the machine so as to perfectly bal-, 
ance it. Examination alone is needed to show that this is the most 
simple and complete self-rake before the public. 

3. — T. D. Brewster & Co., Peru, 111. Plows and Walking Culti- 
vators. Among the display of this firm, and noticeable for points of 
excellence, were several of their " Eureka " style of plow with both 
wood and wrought iron beams, also their " Peerless " double shovel 
plow, the distinguishing feature of which is the wrought iron stand- 
ard, with an " offset " which entirely prevents all clogging with weeds 
or grass, and the accumulation of soil usual to the wood standard. 
This firm are also the manufacturers of the well and favorably known 
" Clipper " plow, for common sandy and clayey soils. They also 
make the celebrated Prairie Breaker, which they also exhibited. The 
principal attraction of their display was the renowned Peru City 
walking cultivator, which is a specialty of this firm, and is so con- 
structed as to combine lightness with strength. This cultivator also 
possesses many good features, and shows thorough workmanship and 
good finish in its manufacture. 

4. — Brayley & Patterson corner Beach and Sebor streets, 
Chicago. The "Buffalo Pitts Thresher" Threshing Machine. To 
those who are acquainted with the many valuable qualities of this 
old and standard machine no explanation is necessary; but it is due 
to threshers and farmers who are not acquainted with its merits that 
its good points should be here recounted. This machine is manu- 
factured by the Pitts Agricultural Works, at Buffalo, N. Y., who for 
over tJii7'iy j'(?^;'i'' have annually sent forth the "Pitts" to their 



236 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

thousands of customers, far and near, which have always given the 
most complete satisfaction in every case. The genuine Buffalo Pitts 
thresher has no equals, either for good material, handsome finish or 
perfect work in the field, and has earned for itself the name of being 
the best thresher in the world. Some of its good points are the fan 
mill. In this thresher, instead of requiring more attention than any 
other part (as in most machines), this requires little or none; no 
necessity for poking the chaff off the sieves — there is none to poJze 
off. While the grain is perfectly cleaned, none is blown over. 
Another special feature is the end shake shoe. By the substitution 
of an easy, noiseless end shake of the sieves, in place of the heavy 
swing and thump of the whole shoe against the sides, there is a great 
saving in power and wear, and there is no lateral motion of the 
machine; This improvement was thoroughly tested throughout all 
sections of the country last season, and all Avho have seen it work 
declare it to be the most brilliant and successful improvement of the 
last twenty years. The improvements made in the mounted power 
are of the greatest importance, reducing the friction immensely, and 
making them the easiest running of all mounted powers. Their 
arrangement for raising and lowering the stacker is so convenient 
and yet so simple that one wonders how any other way could have 
been thought of. Just so with the concave raiser. It is just a 
"twist of the wrist," and you raise or lower the concave evenly 
throughout its whole length. The three hitch gear, wind shields on 
shoe, wind shield on stacker, etc., are points of excellence. In 
the Buffalo Pitts every good point is found that is found in any 
other machine, and many others that are found no where else. In 
material the Buffalo Pitts is the superior of every other machine 
made. Nothing is used in building it which is not first-class. In 
finish it is unsurpassed, either for the taste or the durability of the 
painting and ornamenting. Brayley & Patterson, who are the gen- 
eral agents for the "Pitts," also exhibited the American meat and 
vegetable chopper. This is a great labor-saving invention for all 
requiring such an article. Over 30,000 of these machines have been 
sold in the last three years, and the universal satisfaction given by 
the large number now in use proves, conclusively, their practical 
utility and general excellence. Being extremely simple in construc- 
tion, they are less liable to get out of repair; while they perform 
their work with astonishing rapidity, it requires less power to oper- 
ate them. They do not grind and tear the meat, leaving it in 



THE EXHIBITORS. 237 

strings, but cut it evenly and as fine as may be desired. Awarded 
the highest premium at the Great American Institute Fair of 1869, 
1870 and 1871. 

5. — Blymyer Manufacturing Co., 664 to 694 West Eighth street, 
Cincinnati, Ohio. Thresher and Separator. This machine is the 
result of a long series of experiments, and was patented in April last, 
and although not widely known, it is strictly a first class machine and 
superior to any small thresher heretofore known. Its construction is 
exceedingly simple, and is a strong, compact, and yet light machine, 
weighing, with power, complete, less than 2,000 lbs. It runs with 
but little jar and wear, hence is more durable than the large machines. 
The chief difficulty heretofore with small threshers has been the im- 
perfect separating of the grain, owing to the small compass of the 
machines. In this machine, the difficulty seems to have been entirely 
overcome by a new and simple device, original with this Company, 
by which it separates the grain thoroughly, cleans it ready for the 
market, leaves the straw in good condition, and in every particular 
appears to be able of doing its work as well as the best large thresh- 
ers. It is predicted that this machine will mark a new era in the 
history of threshing machines. 

6. — J. J. Brown, Davenport, Iowa. Automatic Grain Meter. 
One of the most ingenious and valuable inventions on exhibition at 
the Exposition was the automatic grain meter, for weighing all kinds 
of grain, the grain being accurately weighed while passing in a con- 
tinuous stream through the machine, and the weight is registered on 
a dial attached. By this wonderful, yet simple contrivance, much 
time, labor and expense is saved. 

7. — Champion Smut Mill Co., Chicago. Smut Mill. This 
machine combines the advantages of separating, rubbing, and scour- 
ing in one process. The entire machine is driven with but one pulley, 
and it can be run with less power than any smutter yet produced. 
After thorough testing by some of the most expert millers and mill- 
wrights, it has proved to be the best machine in use for cleaning 
grain, — separating from the pure wheat all impure or foreign sub- 
stances, such as dust, chaff, chess, sticks, smut-balls, etc., etc., before 
it enters the rubber, thereby obviating the difficulty of having the 
smut-balls broken with the wheat during the scouring. In other 
machines it is more or less apt to be ground on, causing the smut to 
adhere or stick to the pure grain. By the proper application of 
mechanical principles, found in no other machine, the wheat is re- 



238 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

tained longer in the scouring case., subject to the action of the beaters^ by 
which the fuzz and impurities adhering to the grain are more thor- 
oughly removed than by any other machine, leaving the wheat 
bright and clean. 

8. — Geo. H. W. Cushvtan & Co., Ottawa Machine Shop and 
Foundry, Ottawa, 111. A working model of the " Ottawa" Excavator 
was here shown. It is intended for making railroads, township roads, 
cutting open ditches, etc. The excavator is so constructed that it will 
only take the services of two men and four horses to excavate from 
500 to 1,000 cubic yards of earth in ten hours. The model was well 
made, and answered very well as an illustration of what could be 
done with the " Ottawa" when on actual duty. 

9. — E. H. Clinton, Iowa City, Iowa. The Clinton Harvester. 
This invention was used in the harvest of 1873 with success. In 
actual operation it is at least 200 lbs, lighter than any other self-rake 
reaper in use. The draft is light for two horses. The point 
from which the rake, sickle, reel, and all the movements of the 
machine are moved and produced, and the fulcrum for all these 
movements, is at the center of the machine, and by a successful 
combination of these movements the draft from all parts of the 
machine tends to the center, strengthens and solidifies the machine 
and does away with the vibration common in reapers. The machine 
has more than one-third less gearing than any machine in successful 
use. The sickle is driven by a cam wheel and lever, avoiding the 
crank so liable to break the sickle and get out of repair. The rake 
is of steel, about 3 lbs. weight, driven by an endless chain under the 
platform, yet without platform gearing or any liability to disarrange- 
ment, moving with the regularity of a clock at a right angle with the 
draft of the machine. The rake carries the grain across the plat- 
form of sheet iron in bundles, one in fifteen feet, over the drive 
wheel, and drops it on a platform where two men bind it easily. 
The instant the sheaf is dropped the rake falls backward into a con- 
cealed position, and passes under the platform, to the opposite side, 
where it rises into position, catching every straw on the platform, 
and repeats its former movement. There is neither dragging of 
grain or vibration of the rake ; the movement is positive and certain. 
The driver retards the movements of the rake by applying his left 
foot to a lever. There is no shelling of grain in operating the 
machine. The platform on which the grain is bound, and the one 
on which the binders stand, fold up in passing gateways and narrow 



/ 



THE EXHIBITORS. 239 

lanes. The machine has no equal in its work; the grain is delivered 
in convenient bundles, exactly suited for the attachment of an auto- 
matic binder. The reel attaches so as to do away with the weight 
and obstructions commonly seen on the outer end of reaper plat- 
forms. 

lo. — Dayton Machine Company, Dayton, Ohio. Grain Drill. 
This Company exhibited Hoover's improved grain drill and seed 
planter. This drill will sow wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, 
timothy, corn, and millet seed; can be regulated to any quantity per 
acre, from the smallest to the greatest required ; it is very simple in 
its construction. It makes no difference whether the drill is driven 
at a slow walk or a brisk trot, it sows evenly and regularly under all 
circumstances. It sows the hopper entirely empty, and with the 
same regularity when the last grain is going out as when the hopper 
is full. The discharge openings are so placed that the driver can 
see the drill feeding from all the openings. The style of workman- 
ship and finish, and the substantial manner in which this machine is 
put together cannot be surpassed. The most thoroughly seasoned 
timber and the best quality of iron and steel is used. 

This Company also exhibited two Coe's patent upright press drills 
and the Dayton sulky rake, all of which are manufactured by them. 

II. — Deere & Co., Moline, 111. Plows. The representation of this 
old established house was particularly fine, embracing some splendid 
specimens of plows and cultivators. Of the merits of this firm's 
productions but little need be said, they being well known to all, 
having taken many first premiums, both in this country and Europe. 

12. — J. D. Easter & Co., 70 South Canal street, Chicago. The 
Marsh Harvester. This machine has for the past ten years been so 
well and favorably known to a large portion of the farmers of the 
northwest as to require no commendation at this time. It is so dif- 
ferent and so far superior to every other machine for harvesting 
grain, that it cannot be considered in connection with any of them, 
except that it is founded on the principle discovered by McCormick 
in his original invention. It cuts with the same sort of knives, and 
in the same manner, as McCormick's machine ; but the grain is 
bound on the machine by two men in better order than is possible 
for five men to bind it after the rake or dropper places it on the 
ground. 

13. — Chas. a. Gump & Co., 51 South Canal street, Chicago. 
Mill Furnishing Goods, consisting of Bran Dusters, Flour Packers, 



240 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Corn Shellers, Smut Machines, etc. This firm, who are general mill 
furnishers, made a large display of mill goods besides those enumer- 
ated, prominent among which was Merrill's cosmopolitan emery 
wheels and saw gummers, specialties of these exhibitors. These 
wheels are claimed to be of superior construction, and with many 
points of excellence over others now in use. The cement or uniting 
combination is entirely mineral, containing no glue, shellac or rub- 
ber, or other gumming substance, which, unlike any other cementi- 
tious combination, wears away in advance., leaving the sharp, angular 
points of the emery protruding from the face of the wheel. This 
latter consideration is deemed worthy of special notice, for the rea- 
son that the most that can be claimed for all other methods of man- 
ufacturing solid emery wheels is that the cement, or uniting combi- 
nation, only wears away equally with the emery, presenting, of course, 
an even, smooth surface, which must more or less glaze or gum j 
hence in a degree to obviate this difficulty, greater speed and more 
force is necessary to perform the same or less amount of work, and 
as a direct result of such increased speed and force, not required to 
make the emery go faster or better but to remove the impediment to its 
work, the measure of friction or danger of heating the work, is cor- 
respondingly increased, while in this solid emery wheel nothing hin- 
ders or opposes the work. 

14. — Wm. Harrison, Grand Rapids, Mich. Farm Wagon. The 
manufacture of these farmers' wagons was commenced in 1850, and 
they are said to be the lightest running farm wagon sold, giving 
great satisfaction to all who use them. 

15. — M. G. Hubbard, Minneapolis, Minn. Mower and Reaper. 
One of the celebrated " Hubbard " standard combined self-raking 
reaper and mowers, was exhibited and attracted considerable atten- 
tion, having been of late hailed as the champion of the harvest field. 
The " Hubbard " is undoubtedly most durable and effective, and one 
of the lightest draft machines in the world. Wherever it has been 
entered it has never failed to add new luster to its already bril- 
liant record. 

16. — W. S. Ingraham, 173 South Clinton street, Chicago. Sickle 
Grinder. This machine is plain, simple and durable, and seems 
destined to be a close companion to the mowers and reapers of the 
country. The Sanford improved sickle grinder is also patented in 
Europe, where it is having an extensive sale. This machine cer- 
tainly offers more inducements than any other before the public. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 241 

17. — W. W. Ingraham, 48 South Canal street, Chicago. Ingra- 
ham's Excelsior Grain Scourer, Smutter, Separator and Grader Com- 
bined. The importance of having wheat thoroughly scoured and 
cleansed before grinding into flour, continues to attract the attention 
of mill men. Probably no department of milling has been the sub- 
ject of more varied and numerous inventions. Years of hard labor 
have been spent and hundreds of expensive experiments have been 
made to bring out perfect machines for this purpose, some of which 
have been successful while others have proved a loss to the experi- 
menters. This machine for that purpose is acknowledged to be the 
best scourer, smutter, separator and grader in use ; and it has been 
fairly tested, and has the preference over any other machine for 
doing the best work. In construction, it is simple ; easy to be 
adjusted ; is not liable to heat or set fire to a mill, as the spindles 
are set in the most approved manner, being made and finished in 
the most thorough manner in every part. 

18. — Johnston Harvester Company, Brockport, N. Y. West- 
ern Office cor. Beach and Sebor streets, Chicago. A. J. Glass, Mstnager. 
Harvesting Machines. This Company exhibited one of their world 
renowned harvesters, which requires no comment, having competed 
with every machine in the world, and whether it is the best machine in 
the world is left for the public to determine. This harvester is covered 
with the highest honors that could ever be conferred, and is the 
victor of a hundred hard fought battles, and now rests upon the lau- 
rels of universal commendation. 

19. — S. Johnnotts, Burlington, Vermont. Patent Potatoe Dig- 
ger. This article is highly practical, and raises a whole hill of pota- 
toes on a purchase; when the fork is shaken the earth falls through 
the tines, and leaves the potatoes in bowl of the fork, dug, picked 
up, and sorted ready for the market. 

20. — Moline Plow Company, Moline, Illinois. Plows and Culti- 
vators. The display made by this Company was particularly attrac- 
tive, and consisted of plows of many kinds, among which may be 
mentioned the Prairie Breaker, the Extra Breaker, the Diamond and 
the Clipper, the latter being manufactured in several styles. The pol- 
ished shires of this display were very beautiful, and resembled bur- 
nished silver, so highly were they finished ; and when contrasted with 
an old plow made forty years ago (also exhibited by this Company), 
the effect was grand, and more fully demonstrated the superiority 

which has been attained in mechanical pursuits in that length of time 
16 . 



242 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

than a volume of print could have done. The specialty of this Com- 
pany is the " Western " walking cultivator, of which much has been 
said in its favor, some having acknowledged it to be "the" best in 
use. 

21. — Mitchell, Lewis & Co., Racine, Wisconsin. Farm Wagons. 
Several of the original and well known Racine wagons were exhi- 
bited by this firm. The running gear is painted red, while the body 
is green, tastily ornamented. These wagons combine three essential 
points of excellence, which are strength, durability and lightness, and 
are designed for farm and freight use. 

22. — C. H. McCoRMiCK & Co., Chicago. Mowers and reapers. 
If there were any doubts about the success of the celebrated McCor- 
mick mower and reaper, at the various exhibitions and fairs in dif- 
ferent parts of the world, it is dispelled by the display at the Expo- 
sition of the various original medals and premiums given to this 
world-renowned machine. This is the first public exhibition of all 
of these valuable original awards. A brief description of each will 
doubtless be of value to the reader. They are twelve in number, as 
follows: I. Gold medal of American Institute, 1849. 2. Council 
medal of the London Exhibition of 185 1, of which the London Times 
says : " The most valuable contribution to the great exposition, and 
of sufficient value to compensate for the expense of the whole 
Exposition." 3, Grand gold medal of honor, Syracuse, N. Y., 1857, 
"for the best reaping machine," after a trial of nine days' duration. 
4. Grand gold medal of honor, Paris, 1855, " for the best machine 
exhibited in a field trial, and as a type after which all others were 
made." 5. Silver medal of the Royal North Lancashire Agricultural 
Society, England, 1862, " for the best reaping machine." 6. Prize 
medal of the London International Exposition, 1862. 7. Gold medal, 
Brussels, Belgium, 1862, "for the best reaping machine." 8. Gold 
medal of the Great International Exposition, Hamburg, 1863, "for 
the best machine." 9. Gold medal of the International Exposition, 
Lille, France, 1863, after a field trial of reaping and mowing machines, 
" for the best machine." 10. Grand prize for reaping machines at 
the Great International Exposition at Paris, in 1867. This elaborate 
medal weighs three-fourths of a pound, troy, and is a fine piece of 
work On one side, " Napoleon III., Empereur ;" on the reverse, two 
cherubs, bearing a card inscribed, "McCormick." To this medal 
was added by the Emperor the "Cross of Chevalier of the Legion of 
Honor." At the Great Exposition at Paris this machine won its 



THE EXHIBITORS. 243 

highest honors, Hon. Cyrus H. McCormick, according to the Moni- 
teur, the official paper of the French government, not only obtain- 
ing the grand prize for his invention, but being nominated by the 
Emperor Knight of the Legion of Honor. 11. Cross of the Cheva- 
lier of the Legion of Honor, by Emperor Napoleon, at Vincennes, 
in 1867, after two great trials, as well as at a private trial of the same 
on his farm, at Chalons, made at his own request, for his private sat- 
isfaction. 12. Grand gold medal of merit at the World's Exposition 
at Vienna, in 1873, after a severely contested trial in the field. This 
is the highest premium of the Exposition, and was awarded to the 
" Advance " reaper, and was the only medal awarded by the Exposi- 
tion for reaping machines. There was also awarded a similar medal 
of merit for the same machine, as a combined reaping and mowing 
machine. Thus, the 07ily t7vo gold medals awarded for any single 
article fell to this machine; and all American citizens may well feel 
proud of this distinction and honor conferred upon an American 
inventor. The factory of the McCormicks is the largest of the kind 
in the world. They make nothing but the mower and reaper, or 
both combined. The works cover an area of twenty-one acres, situ- 
ated on the south branch of the Chicago river. Some idea of their 
extent may be formed from the fact that there are six acres of floor 
room. These machines are sold to the farmers on the most liberal 
terms, giving ample time and easy terms to the poorest, so that there 
need be no monopoly in its use. The Messrs. McCormick are fore- 
most in public improvements, and have erected more fine blocks in 
Chicago since the fire than any other firm. Not less than sixteen 
massive blocks present their handsome, substantial fagades along the 
principal business streets. 

23.— Orville L. Mason, East Saginaw, Mich. Automatic Gate. 
This gate is one of the most perfect inventions of the kind ever intro- 
duced, is purely automatic in all its workings and is invaluable to all 
requiring a gate which needs no attention, opening at your approach 
and closing after passing through, which is a great convenience to 
business men whose time is precious. 

24. — SouLE, Kretsinger & Co., Fort Madison, Iowa. Farming 
Tools, Barrows, etc. This firm displayed a large variety of farm 
tools, railroad and garden barrows, road scrapers, etc., all of their 
own manufacture, prominent among which was the patent fork ferule 
cap. This little arrangement prevents the ferule from splitting and 
increases the strength of the fork at its weakest point, thus rendering 



244 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

the shank of the fork less liable to break. The motto of this house 
is, " To lead the market in quality," and judging from the goods com- 
posing their display it is well applied. 

25. — Springfield Manufacturing Co., Springfield, 111. Corn 
Planter. This Company exhibited one of their Climax corn planters, 
the finish and painting of which were noticeable. The qualities and 
superior points of excellence claimed for the " Climax " seem to be 
generally conceded by all. This machine has been awarded thirty- 
two first premiums. The superior merits of the "Climax" lie in its 
accuracy of drop, the ease with which it can be handled in regulating 
depth, passing obstructions and turning, and its lightness of draft. 

26. — Sandwich Manufacturing Co., Sandwich, 111. Samples 
of their celebrated Corn Shellers, of the " Cadet" and " A'^eteran " 
styles. 

27. — Seymour, Morgan & Allen, 93 and 95 West Lake street, 
Chicago. W. H. Browne, General Agent. Seymour & Morgan's Tri- 
umph Mower and Reaper. 

The " Triumph" will cut and deliver in good shape for binding, 
the tallest or shortest grain. One great point of superiority in this 
machine consists in the perfect automatic connection between the 
vibrating over-hung reel and the rake, each working independent of the 
other, and yet together. The reel and rake are so connected that 
when the rake strikes the cut grain at the cutter bar the reel is doing 
its work several feet in advance of the knives, as the rake commen- 
ces to draw (not push as in reel-rakes,) the grain towards the rear 
end of the platform, the reel passes back towards the knife, and when 
the rake has delivered its gavel the reel is at work above and back 
of the cutter bar, thus reeling the shortest or thinnest grain back on 
to the platform in easy reach of the rake. As the rake passes for- 
ward the reel advances, maintaining at all times the same relative 
distance from the rake. This arrangement, exists in no other 
machine. 

28. — Superior Machine Company, Wheeling, West Virginia. J. 
G. Stowe, General Agent, 51 Canal street, Chicago. This Company 
had two of their mowing machines on exhibition, one of which was 
in operation, and known as the " Superior Mower." The peculiar 
feature of this machine is the application of a worai wheel and screw 
to the rotation of the crank-shaft, which drives the cutter bar, which 
worm wheel and screw possess features that entitle the arrangement 
to be classed as a new movement. The worm wheel is peculiarly 



THE EXHIBITORS. 245 

constructed, the teeth being formed very differently from those of the 
ordinary worm gear where the screw actuates the wheel. In the 
wheel impelling the screw, the teeth are so cut that they only operate 
on that side of the axis of the screw at which they disengage from 
their contact with the thread. By the peculiar pitch of the screw- 
thread employed, and the shape given to the teeth, the two do not 
come into contact until the teeth reach the position to act with great- 
est power upon the incline of the thread, and with the least friction. 
The screw is of steel, double threaded, and consequently revolves 
once in the passage of two teeth. The worm gear is of gun metal, 
and inclosed in an iron case which forms part of the frame. The 
finger bar, shoe, etc., are attached to the frame with pins and a hinged 
coupling that allows the bar to work below or above a level. The 
bar can be thrown entirely up, by the driver while in his seat. The 
cutting apparatus may be adjusted to any required height, or set at 
any angle, without disturbing in the least the driving device. 

29. — Warder, Mitchell & Co., 59 Lake street, Chicago. Mow- 
ers and Reapers. Several of the " Champion " machines manufact- 
ured by this Company, were exhibited, among which was the mower 
with self-raking attachment. This attachment is all that can be de- 
sired. It is simple, very light and strong; is easily attached by two 
bolts, and is driven by a stout chain, dispensing with all complication 
and cog-gearing. The rake is under perfect control of the driver, 
and large or small gavels can be raked off at will, or the rake can be 
set to work automatically, delivering a bundle at every revolution. 
The grain is delivered at the side of the machine, out of the way of 
the team in making the next round. In reaping, the pivot at the heel 
of the knife is stiffened, and the weight of the reaping attachment is 
carried equally upon the two driving wheels. A d^ropping attach- 
ment is also put on and taken off quickly, and works to perfection. 
The reel has a steady and reliable motion. The outer end of the 
machine is carried upon a castor wheel, which prevents all trouble in 
turning, A " Champion " light mower was also exhibited. This 
machine is a great favorite with the farmers, by whom it is termed 
"the prince of mowing machines." A great feature in the construc- 
tion of this mower, and all the Champion machines, is, that all the 
boxes, shafting, and gearing can be adjusted, or taken off and re- 
placed with new parts while in the field, with a common wrench, 
without the use of machinist's tools, thus avoiding the necessity of 
transporting the machine long distances when repairs are required. 



246 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

Few other machines, if any, possess so many valuable features as 
will be found in the Champion. 

30. — Walter A. Wood Mowing and Reaping Machine Co., 
Hoosick Falls, N. Y. General Western ofhce, 206 Lake street, Chi- 
cago. Mowing and Reaping Machines. This Company made an 
exhibition of Wood's self-rake reaper with mowing attachment, and 
Wood's new iron mower. A detailed description of the merits of 
this Company's celebrated machines would be useless, as all who 
have need of such articles know full well the great excellence and 
capabilities of the products of the Walter A. Wood Company. The 
reputation of these machines extends over two continents, they hav- 
ing been awarded ov^x forty first pjHzes in Europe during the season 
of 1873, including the grand diploma of honor at Vienna, which was 
the only diploma on mowers and reapers awarded at that Exposition. 
During the time these machines have been before the public they 
have been awarded, up to the present year, over five hundred first- 
class county, district, and state prizes, which certainly establishes 
their great superiority. Over 190,000 of these machines have been 
made and sold, including 21,000 for the season of 1873 alone. Some 
of their chief points of excellence may be named in the simplicity 
and perfection of construction, durability, lightness of draft, facility 
of management, adaptability to any and every condition of crop, or 
surface, manner of leaving the cut grass or grain, etc. The success 
of these machines, both at home and abroad, is complete and fully 
demonstrated by the largely increased demand each harvest. 

31. — H. WooDMANSE, Freeport, 111. Stover's Automatic Wind 
Engine. It is generally known that the great majority of wind-mills 
are not to be relied on in storms or in a light wind. The gales that 
occur on western prairies often, in a single night, completely 
wreck one of the ordinary mills. The Stover is so constructed that 
if left running when it encounters a storm or gale, it will quietly 
stop running, and when the storm subsides will commence pumping 
again. It can also be arranged to pump a large or small quantity of 
water, as may be desired. Its construction is compact, strong, and 
simple, having only three joints, none of which are exposed to the 
weather, thus completely avoiding any possibility of freezing up in 
winter. Other mills have from fifty to one hundred joints. This 
mill is placed before the people entirely upon its merits, and it seems 
to possess many. 



THE EXHIBITORS, 247 



SECTION 3. 



Vehicles, Raihuay and Car Fixtures, Motors Adapted to Steam, Water, or other 
Poiuer, Apparatus Used in Navigation, Models of Life Boats, Life Preserving 
Apparatus, etc. 

I. — The American Bridge Company: A. B. Stone, Cleveland, 
President; H. A. Rust, Chicago, Vice-President; Wm. C. Taylor, 
Chicago, Secretary and Treasurer ; E. Hemberle and W. G. Cool- 
edge, Engineers ; Works corner Egan and Stewart avenues ; office, 
210 LaSalle street, Chicago. This Company exhibited a fine model, 
about ten feet long, of one complete span, showing both substructure 
and superstructure of the Iron Railroad and Highway Bridge now in 
process of erection, to be completed January ist, 1874, for the Mis- 
souri, Kansas & Texas railway company across the Missouri river at 
Booneville, Mo. This bridge, when completed, will be 1,637 feet long, 
the superstructure, consisting of six fixed spans, and one draw 
span, will rest upon masonry abutments and masonry and pneu- 
matic piers. These pneumatic piers, now largely used in the 
construction of bridges, are formed of cast iron cylinders, those 
for this bridge being eight and one-half feet in diameter, cast in sec- 
tions of ten feet in length, and weighing about ten tons each. These 
are sunk, as the name implies, by pneumatic process through the dif- 
ferent strata of sand and gravel to bed rock; the sections as they are 
sunk being bolted together through inside flanges, which, being 
smooth and packed in red lead, form air and water tight joints. The 
cylinders are then filled with concrete, thus forming a compact col- 
umn encased with iron, upon which rests the superstructure of the 
bridge. These piers can be built much cheaper than the usual 
style of masonry supports, and as their smaller size offers less resist- 
ance to the current are preferable to them where the water is deep 
with a shifting bed of sand overlaying a permanent foundation. The 
iron superstructure of this bridge, as shown by the model, is built 
after the " Post's " patent diagonal truss plan, which combines all the 
essential elements of strength with elegance of proportion and beauty 
of design. This system has been adopted by this Company as one 
of the best, if not the best, in use in this country or in Europe for. 
long bridges. Several monuments of the American Bridge Com- 
pany's extensive operations at different points upon the Missouri river 
is here made brief mention of, which will serve to illustrate the kind 
of work it is now so well calculated to undertake : i. The iron 



248 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

railroad and highway bridge at Fort Leave aworth, Kansas — a " high " 
bridge — 996 feet long, resting upon pneumatic piers measuring 140 
feet from their bed foundation to the floor of the superstructure. 
The bridge was completed in 1872 for the Kansas & Missouri Bridge 
Company, at a cost of $700,000, 2. A similar bridge between 
Council Bluffs and Omaha, Neb., completed in 1872 for the Union 
Pacific railroad company. The attention of thousands who have 
passed over this bridge has been attracted to its great length and 
height, and we need only mention its dimensions to convey to the 
reader an idea of its grand porportions : Its total length, composed 
of eleven spans of two hundred and fifty feet each, being 2,750 feet 
and the height above low water sixty-five feet. This bridge cost 
upwards of Ji,ooo, 000. 3. The bridge at Booneville, which has been 
fully described from the model. With such structures as examples, 
who shall question the ability of Chicago enterprise to cope with the 
greatest difficulties that may be presented to engineering skill ? The 
extensive works of the Company are most advantageously located on 
Egan and Stewart avenues in Chicago, connecting with all the rail- 
roads leading out of the city. Its shops cover an area of about three 
acres, and are all well supplied with the most approved machinery 
for prosecuting all kinds of bridge work from the ordinary wooden 
single span " Howe " truss to the immense iron structures before 
mentioned. Another important branch is the building of iron roofs, 
many of which have been erected in Chicago, the most prominent 
one being that of the passenger depot of the Lake Shore & Michi- 
gan Southern railroad company. The operations of this Company 
are necessarily on a large scale, and its works scattered almost liter- 
ally from Maine to Texas, there being in process of erection at this 
time several railroad bridges in New Hamshire, and in Texas, where 
it has a regularly established agency, a large amount of work is being 
done for the many new roads that are opening to civilization that 
great State. This cursory sketch of the operations of the American 
Bridge Company, whose annual productions exceed $2,000,000, ex- 
hibits in brief one instance of the growth of Chicago in her manu- 
facturing industries, showing as wonderful progress in this depart- 
ment as in those local enterprises that are more apparent to her 
citizens. 

2. — Anderson Steam Heating Company, 107 Lake street, Chi- 
cago. John Ellis, Agent. Steam Heater. This machine is the only 
really automatic steam generator extant. The hydrant being attached, 



THE EXHIBITORS. 249 

it supplies itself with water, evenly and regularly, without attention. 
It being a base burner, requires to be fed with coal only at long inter- 
vals. It works perfectly, and requires no skilled attention ; and is, 
without doubt, a most perfect apparatus. 

3. — J. Barker, 845 West Washington street, Chicago. Sand-Paper- 
ing Machine. This machine is for finishing plain surfaces on soft or 
hard wood, making a more perfect finish on doors, at the rate of one 
hundred and fifty per day, than can be done by hand. It will also run 
sash for four or five hundred windows per day, making a good finish. 
This is the only known machine that will finish doors, sash, blinds, 
etc., after they are put together (even if a stile or rail is just as it 
comes from the saw), with sand-paper alone. 

4. — The Babcock Manufacturing Co., 81 and '^Ty Washington 
street, Chicago. Babcock Engines, etc. Prominent among the many 
fire displays was that of this Company, which is the pioneer in the 
manufacture of improved self-acting fire apparatus. They were the 
first to introduce and perfect in this country the Babcock Fire Ex- 
tinguisher, which, although the chemical principle is a foreign inven- 
tion, never proved an entire mechanical success until some prominent 
Chicago men invested their brains and money in it and made it what 
it is, an invaluable protection against fire. Few persons are aware 
of the magnitude of the business done by this Company. Nearly 
every prominent fire department in the United States have adopted 
the Babcock, and have them in constant use, while they are to be 
found in nearly every town in the country. Fully 26,000 machines 
are in use, and the sales approximate 1,000 monthly. The display 
of this Company consisted of an engine, hook and ladder truck, two 
hundred portable extinguishers, and miscellaneous fire department 
supplies, the value in all aggregating fully ^20,000. In addition to 
this, fifty of their portable extinguishers, charged for use, were dis- 
tributed throughout the Building, by order of the Executive Com- 
mittee, for its protection. That this was a most wise precaution was 
fully demonstrated by the fact that a fire did occur in the Building 
during the continuance of the Exposition, which was promptly put 
out by these never-failing extinguishers. It is a source of gratifica- 
tion that so valuable an apparatus has been introduced and perfected, 
and its great utility demonstrated by a purely Chicago organization. 

5. — A. S. Bailey, Paxton, Ford Co., 111. Bailey's Car Pusher. 
This is a hand machine to move freight and other cars on railroad 
tracks, and can be operated by one person. It weighs but forty pounds. 



250 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

It is so constructed that the lower end clamps the rail and will not 
slip on rails in any condition. The upper end has an adjusting 
clamp that fastens to the sill of the car to be moved. By raising the 
lever the rail end of the pusher is drawn forward, and by depressing 
it the rail clamp clutches the rail, and the slide part of the pusher 
that is attached to the car moves the car, and operating in such a 
manner that as fast as the car is pushed forward the car-pusher holds 
the car to its place. This machine has an attachment connected 
with it to separate cars that are together so as to get the car-pusher 
in place on the rail to operate the same. This is undoubtedly a 
convenient labor-saving and an indispensable machine. 

6. — F. L. Clarke, Paxton, 111. Brick Machine. This machine 
appears to be most economical in its working, and is simple. It is 
worked by horse power, but can be worked by steam if preferred. 
It is portable — has trucks attached to it, — and can be taken apart 
when shipped. It can be worked with clay of any consistency, and 
any amount of pressure can be applied from the lower end of the 
mud-shaft. The filling of the mold is under the control of the 
operator, who, when a signal is given, steps on a platform, puts an 
empty mold in place, takes the filled one from its place, steps off the 
platform, and waits for another signal. The operator sands the 
molds. Capacity, from 10,000 to 30,000 per day. 

7. — Crerar, Adams & Co., 11 and 13 Fifth avenue, Chicago. 
Railway Equipments, Locomotive supplies, etc. The display made 
by this firm, w^ho are among the largest manufacturers and dealers 
in railway supplies in the country, was most decidedly as fine an 
exhibition as the building contained, A large and imposing black 
walnut case especially erected for the occasion was filled with every- 
thing pertaining to the equipment of both day and night railway 
coaches and locomotive engines that is worth attention. Occupying 
a prominent position in the display, were three brass steam domes, 
made for tlie Hinkley & Williams locomotive works of Boston, Mass., 
at the works of the Union Brass Manufacturing Company, which is 
controlled by the exhibitors. From the fact that locomotive manu- 
facturing establishments in Boston purchase their brass work and 
head lights for their engines of this firm in Chicago, fully demon- 
strates the popularity of their goods abroad. Other particularly 
noticeable attractions among their display was a fine gilt chandelier 
that was as beautiful a piece of work as could be shown in America, 
while a nickel plated locomotive head light presented the appearance 



THE EXHIBITORS. 251 

of highly burnished silver. Several center lamps were also extremely 
ornate and tasteful in design, and such as are placed in the most 
elegant and palatial cars in the country. As before remarked, the 
Union Brass Manufacturing Company, which is under the control of 
this firm, and of which J. H. Dow is President, manufactures all 
kinds of household hardware, and nickel plating of every kind is 
here carried on, the lamps, etc., exhibited being specimens of work 
from their shops. In i860, the firm commenced the manufacture of 
railway lanterns and head lights, a business that has developed with 
wonderful rapidity since it was undertaken. In 1868, the manufac- 
ture of railway frogs was commenced, substantially as it is now car- 
ried on, except that it has largely increased and is still growing. The 
concern use largely of iron and steel, the latter of which is imported 
from the works of Sir John Brown, of England. Besides the arti- 
cles mentioned, the firm deal in car trimmings of all descriptions, 
wrenches, waste, car and switch locks, locomotive tires, car springs 
and wheels, steel, and almost every copceivable tool or appliance 
that is used in the construction or equipment of a railway. The 
amount of their annual business can only be estimated by millions, 
and their manufactured goods can be found on almost every railway 
between Ohio and the Pacific slope. 

8. — The Drake Rotary Fire Extinguisher Company, cor. 
Clark and Washington streets, Chicago. The fire engine exhibited 
by this Company was the first one they ever manufactured, and was 
built in forty days. This chemical fire extinguisher is said to be the 
most powerful in the world. This extinguisher undoubtedly pos- 
sesses many advantages over its competitors. A prominent one is 
that the cylinder head fastens without screws, and hence is not liable 
to corrosion, the head being instantly attached by a quarter turn of 
a patent eccentric self-packer. A new feature in fire extinguishers is 
introduced by this Company, and consists of stationary extinguish- 
ing tanks. This machine can be placed in the basement of a 
building; a connection attaches the extinguisher to the main water- 
pipes of the building, upon which connection is placed a self-operat- 
ing check valve, which admits of the extinguisher being always kept 
filled, the pressure of the water y>'^;;^ the pipes being only 40 lbs. to 
the square inch. An alarm wire or cord attached to a handle upon 
each landing in the building and in connection with the extinguisher 
below, is sprung in case of fire, which instantly charges the machine 
and raises a pressure of 200 lbs. to the square inch, opens the check 



252 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

valve, and assumes control of the main water pipes. An ordinary 
fire butt is placed on each floor, with hose attached, and hence the 
same is supplied with a powerful extinguisher, which, in case of 
emergency, is ready for action in a moment's notice. When the 
machine has emptied itself, the pressure falls from 200 lbs., below 40 
lbs. to the square inch, as before stated, which allows the water to 
again fill it to its capacity, which is 200 gallons. This extinguisher is 
possessed of very many valuable points of excellence which space 
will not permit of being enumerated. The " Drake" is generally 
conceded to be the latest, best, and most valuable invention of the 
age, and is undoubtedly destined to make for itself a record second 
to no extinguisher known. 

9. — ExcELSio.R Press Brick Manufacturing Company, 77 
Dearborn street, Chicago. A complete working model (i^ scale) 
of the Brick Machine made by this Company was exhibited. The 
machine has two sets of moulds, seven in each set, fixed in an alien- 
ating carriage that passes under a feeder, which fills the moulds with 
clay, and which, when filled, pass and repass under a traversing 
pressure wheel that give to the bricks in the moulds two downward 
pressures. To the plate bottom of each mould is attached a 
piston, which is made to pass up an inclined plane as the carriage 
moves to its point of alienation, and as the pistons move on that 
plane, they give to the bricks an upward pressure; and when all 
the pistons have passed the summit of the inclined plane they rest 
en the level plane of a lever, which, in its turn, lifts the bricks to 
the surface of the moulds, from whence they are moved by means of 
a sweep. The feeder is supplied* with clay by elevators, which get 
their supply from the pit of two grinding rollers, which rollers take 
the clay fresh from the bank and prepare it for the moulds. This 
machine was awarded two prize medals, the highest in the class, at 
the French Universal Exposition of 1867. One year since, some 
leading citizens of Chicago, conjointly with some eastern capitalists, 
created a stock company for the manufacture of bricks, and greeted 
Excelsior machines upon land situated a few miles from Chicago 
upon the C, B. & Q. Railroad. These works have been under the 
management of W. L. Gregg, Esq., the son of the inventor and 
President of this Company, and to the persistent efforts of this gen- 
tleman is Chicago indebted for a fine quality of brick, which hereto- 
fore has been attainable only through costly importation from Phila- 
delphia and St. Louis. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 253 

10. — Hall Brothers, Boston, Mass. Brown Brothers, sole west- 
ern agents, Chicago. Hall Brothers' Fire Extinguishing Apparatus. 
This invention is as novel as it is perfect protection in case of fire. 
A series of perforated iron pipe traverse every room in the building, 
as well as the ou4;side and upon the roof. A large receiving pipe is 
placed in some place easy of access in case of emergency. From 
the top of the " Receiver " are main pipes leading to each room in 
the building, each numbered like the room to which it leads, and cut 
off from the receiver by valves. These mains are watertight until 
they get to the rooms, where the perforated pipes or "sprinklers " 
commence ; these perforated pipes run across a room, say a line 
every eight or ten feet. The perforations are small and frequent. 
Now if a fire occurs in any room — say room No. 3 — the valve of No. 
3 leading pipe is turned, and in an instant a fine rain shower of 
spray fills that room. A few moments of this fine rain will suffice 
to extinguish almost any fire, and that without flooding or deluging 
the room with water. As soon as the fire is extinguished, the valve, 
upon being turned back, will immediately stop the supply of water ; 
and as soon as the pressure is turned from the receiver, the valve is 
again opened, and the water remaining in the pipes at once runs out 
through the small waste cock at the bottom of the receiver. When 
a fire takes place, the excitement and confusion always existing is 
very unfavorable to efficient action ; and while men are running 
amid the smoke with hand hose, portable engines or extinguishers, 
the fire generally spreads beyond control. The opening of doors 
and windows to get access, admits the air and supplies the fire with 
oxygen ; but the " sprinklers " are a fixture, always on the spot, and 
ready for instant action. Perforated gas pipes have been, for sev- 
eral years, placed in certain portions of cotton and woolen mills, but 
the great objection to them has been that in drilling the holes a rag- 
ged burr is left upon the inside, upon which are constantly collecting 
lint, dust, etc., so that after a time the hole becomes filled up so 
much that it cannot be used with any degree of certainty ; we have 
even known of manufacturers who had this kind of pipe who were 
obliged to paste over every hole a piece of fine tissue paper. Messrs. 
Hall Brothers use a pipe made of galvanized sheet iron, and claim 
that they have the only machine in the world for making sheet metal 
pipe in long lengths. The holes are punched out on the sheets 
before forming them into pipes, thus leaving a clean smooth hole. 
The working of the extinguisher was practically demonstrated by 



254 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

the exhibitors, and attracted great attention from scientific persons, 
by whom the workings of this apparatus were pronounced superior 
to any now in use. In the short time this system has been in opera- 
tion it has already been adopted by many of the largest manufacto- 
ries and mills in the country. 

II. — W. HuTCHiNGS, Agent National Fire Extinguisher, 210 La- 
Salle street, Chicago. This display consisted of four extinguishers, 
very highly and finely finished, but the elaborateness of manufacture 
has but little to do with the working qualities of an article upon 
which so much reliance is placed in time of need. The mechanism 
of the extinguisher is very simple, and not liable to derangement or 
leaking of the acid, and the general excellence of construction, aside 
from the peculiar features involved, the " National" appears to be all 
that it is claimed, viz : a first-class article. 

12. — John Harden, 65 and 67 South Clinton street, Chicago. 
Anti-friction Glass bearings for Cross-heads, Cylinder packing rings, 
and all other working parts of Machinery. This invention seems to 
be a highly valuable one, and for the durability of which reference 
is made to eminent mechanics who have subjected them to the most 
severe tests, and after an experience of years have pronounced in 
their favor as a saving of expense in every particular, quite a num- 
ber of whom have adopted them on the railways and other institu- 
tions with which they are connected. 

The harder and smoother the material used for bearings is, the less 
friction there will result. With this fact in view glass was tried for 
bearings of machinery. It is extremely hard and smooth, and may 
be made perfectly secure, and capable of sustaining an immense pres- 
sure. Glass is a non-conductor of heat and electricity. Its hard- 
ness is uniform. It is not porous or fibrous, as metals are, therefore 
will not use up oil so fast. It has the effect of creating a gloss on 
the surface upon which it is working. The oil which it requires to 
keep it lubricated is but one-fourth the amount which metals use. 
It can be moulded to suit any surface or shape — plain, convex or 
concave — and there are but few working parts of machinery where 
it cannot be used to great advantage. The inventor has applied it 
chiefly to cross-heads, packing rings, link blocks and eccentrics, his 
patent covering the use of glass in all working parts of machinery. 

There seems to be an idea prevailing in the minds of many prac- 
tical men, that should any of the glass bearings break, while in use, 
the broken glass would cut the part on which it was working. The 



THE EXHIBITORS. 255 

inventor has thoroughly proved by many practical tests that it will 
not do so under any circumstances; on the contrary, it is a well- 
known fact that with broken glass you can make a much finer steam 
joint, and smoother surface on a valve seat than with emery or other 
substances. 

13. — R. M. Johnson, 228 Lake street, Chicago. The "New Chi- 
cago " Fire Extinguisher. This extinguisher is one of excellence, 
and like all other valuable patents, its chief merit lays in its simplici- 
ty, there being nothing complicated about it. One great feature of 
this machine is, that it cannot be got out of order in any way, or by 
overturning, but always does its work commendable, and is always 
ready. This machine is of Chicago invention and manufacture, and 
the city is to be congratulated in having so valuable a patented arti- 
cle go out to the world as one of her many products, and particularly 
one that is destined to be so soon largely used and brought into 
prominence. The Illinois Central Railroad have adopted this extin- 
guisher, as well as the great Palmer and Tremont Houses of (Chicago. 
It has three points of excellence, sought by all manufacturers of ex- 
tinguishers, and not before fully attained, ist. The combustion, or 
thorough mixture of the chemicals in every part of the machine, 
takes place instantaneously, without shaking, and it is ready for im- 
mediate action. Hence the mixture is perfectly harmless when shot 
upon the finest fabrics. 2d. No lifting the handle, or overturning 
the machine, will ever prematurely mix the chemicals, as in others. 
Hence it is always ready when the fire comes. 3d. Its perfect sim- 
plicity of construction, nothing to get out of order, and ease of ope- 
ration. 

14. — John Killefer, Bloomingdale, Mich. Bolt and Nut Thread- 
ing Machine. A very useful machine for general shop use, combin- 
ing two perfect machines on one bed, and has a capacity of cutting 
three thousand bolts and nuts per day. This machine has been in 
use for three years, and fully demonstrated its great value, doing its 
work thoroughly, with a great saving of time and labor. 

15. — Alfred Lagergren, Western Agent White Star Line, 97 and 
99 Clark street, Chicago. A Model of the famous Steamship Baltic. 
The little vessel was complete in every detail, a perfect fac sijnile of 
the vessel that has made the fastest trip across the Atlantic on record 
— seven days, fifteen hours, and eight minutes. The large vessel 
from which the model takes its name, the "Baltic," was constructed 
in hull, by Messrs. Harland & Wolff, of Belfast, Ireland. Her stern 



256 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

is straight, and not unlike many of the recent larger English steam- 
ships. The dimensions of the Baltic are, length on deck, 440 feet ; 
breadth of beam, 41 feet ; depth of hold, 2)^ feet ; load draught, 24 
feet; tonnage (British measurement), 2,700 tons net, and 4,350 tons 
gross. Her frames are of angle iron, with double riveting through- 
out the vessel. There are three decks of iron, the height between 
which is nine feet, and these are covered with wood. Plate stringers 
are upon each of these. Her rig is somewhat novel, as she is fitted 
with four masts, three of which are ship rigged. These masts are a 
single iron cylinder, with a wooden fall for the colors. The height 
of truck above water is 150 feet. There are seven water-tight com- 
partments in the vessel ; she carries a hurricane or turtle deck over 
forward part of the boat, and this part of her construction is of the 
most approved character. Her upper deck presents the opportunity 
of a grand promenade, and on every hand there are so many 
improvements on the old style of ocean steamers that are suggestive 
of comfort, that the beholder is lost in admiration and astonishment. 

16. — Williams & Orton Manufacturing Company, Sterling, 
111. Pulleys, Hangers, etc. This Company made a display of sev- 
eral leading articles of their manufacture, which consisted of iron 
shafting, compression couplings, pulleys and adjustable hangers, with 
self-oiling journal boxes. These articles are the specialties of this 
Company, and are of superior make and material. 

17. — Wiley & Russell, Greenfield, Mass., and 136 Lake street, 
Chicago. Grant Bolt Cutter. The machine exhibited was a No. i 
hand bolt cutter and drill combined, with taps, adjustable dies, 
reversable nut check, and rut for drilling. This machine is highly 
indorsed, and only those who have seen one in operation can form a 
fair idea of the time saved by its use, and the high quality of its 
work. 



SECTION 4. 

Machinery in Motion Requiring Steam Power. 

I.— Americus Manufacturing Company: N. P. Wilder, Presi- 
dent; James Bolton, Secretary ; office, 123 Dearborn street, Chicago. 
Corn Husking Machine. This is a new corporation, having been 
organized under the laws of Illinois on the 30th of March, 1873, its 
object being the manufacture and sale of a machine known as " Phil- 
lip's Spiral Corn Husker," one of which was on exhibition in full 



THE EXHIBITORS. 257 

operation. It is very strong, exceedingly simple, and very practica- 
ble, and consists of eight iron rollers contained in a frame work of 
hard wood. The rolls are placed in this frame in an inclined posi- 
tion. The surface of these rolls have spiral depressions or grooves 
running around them from one end to the other, and in these grooves 
are stout steel spikes. As the ears of corn pass over the rolls, the 
hasks, caught by these spikes, are torn off and dropped under the 
machine, while the ears pass on to the end. The grooves upon one 
of the rolls are opposite spikes of the other roll, which allows the 
ear to settle down between them, so that the grip upon the husk may 
be more certain. These depressions and spikes being arranged spir- 
ally, rip husks at one end of the ear, and continues the grasp to the 
opposite end, making the process of stripping the husk from the ear 
very similar to that of husking by hand. Although it husks go rap- 
idly as to seem almost incredible — husking at the rate of three bush- 
els per minute, when run to its full capacity — its process is so sim- 
ple and natural that not a kernel 'of corn is shelled from the ear dur- 
ing the operation. It husks the corn cleaner and better than is ordi- 
narily done by hand, while it produces husks soft and free from 
stalks, "nubbins," or any foreign substance, and ready for the con- 
sumer without any waste whatever. 

2. — Buckeye Engine Company, Salem, Ohio. Exhibit a small 
upright engine and boiler combined, designed for printing offices and 
other establishments requiring a small motor. The boiler is of the 
" vertical flue " form, and rests upon a large circular base, which is of 
such form as to collect the water emitted from the gauge cocks and 
other parts of the engine. The cylinder, upper cylinder-head, frame, 
slices, pillow-block, and supporting bracket which secures the engine 
to the boiler-head, are formed in one casting of elegant design. 
Upon the lower cylinder-head the feed pump is attached, the plunger 
of which is a projecting rod from the piston of the engine. The en- 
gine is provided with a heater for the feed water, close to the boiler 
shell, with governor, steam gauge, water indicator, and all requisites 
necessary to a complete steam power. As an article of intrinsic 
merit, it was not excelled by anything on exhibition. Mr. J. Fargu- 
son, 56 South Canal street, represents the Buckeye Company in Chi- 
cago, and is to be commended for introducing so thoroughly first- 
class an article as the Buckeye engine. 

3. — Battle Creek Machinery Company, Battle Creek, Michigan. 
Boult's Patent Carving, Paneling Irregular Moulding and Dove-tailing 

17 



258 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

machine, for shaping, edge-moulding, paneling, surface moulding, 
moulding scroll or fret work, dove-tailing, etc. By the use of this 
machine, can be accomplished all kinds of work hitherto only done 
by hand. It has often been offered as an objection that machines 
adapted to an extended variety of work must be more or less com- 
plicated — the changes difficult and tedious, and the adjustment 
troublesome. The inventor's long acquaintance with machinery has 
seemed to give him practical suggestions on this point, and the con- 
sequence is an arrangement so simple that not five minities' time, on 
the removal of two bolts, is necessary to eff'ect the most radical change 
in this machine, which seems to have been adapted to the general 
wants of the various workers in wood. The dovetail attachment is 
a simple and perfect arrangement for making a j"/;'<?;?^, beautiful, ''''hon- 
est'''' dovetail, on any kind or thickness of lumber, and perfectly 
adapted to all the requirements for such work, cutting both parts 
(side and front) at the same time ; and the work is done with dis- 
patch and scrupulous exactness. 

4. — L. J. CoLBURN, 67 East Randolph street, Chicago. Fancy 
Confectionery and Candy in the process of manufacture. This ex- 
hibition was very attractive, as few persons using confectionery have 
the least idea of its mode of manufacture, which is now made by steam 
and by a greatly improved process over the old hand shaking mode, 
which consisted of a large round flat-bottom pan, about six inches 
deep, suspended by ropes over a furnace fire, and all the stir- 
ring and shaking necessary to its manufacture was done by hand, 
which was an extremely slow and tedious process. Steam candy 
pans and kettles were first introduced in France some fifteen years 
ago, and by their use candy is now made in greater quantities and 
with less labor and time, — one thousand pounds of fine confectionery 
being made per day by this exhibitor in the building. Mr. Colburn 
has long been in the business, and was the first to inaugurate the 
manufacture of candy and fine confectionery in Chicago. The con- 
sumption of this article in the United States is greater than in any 
other country, and each year largely on the increase ; and during 
the past seven years greater advance has been made in this branch 
of business, as to variety and quantity, than ever before. In 1868 
there was not a single first-class confectioner in Chicago, either for 
the sale or manufacture of confectionery, while now there are many. 
A specialty of this exhibitor is his " Alaska crystal rock," a candy of 
his own introduction, and made by him exclusively in the United 



THE EXHIBITORS. 259 

States. It is of a delicious flavor, and so peculiarly made that if 
broken into many pieces the same pattern appears at each end. The 
display made by this exhibitor was one that maintained his reputa- 
tion for enterprise, and also fully sustained the popularity his goods 
have gained both in Chicago and abroad. 

5. — Crane Brothers Manufacturing Company, 10 Jefferson 
street, Chicago. Steam Engines, Steam Elevator, Steam Pumps, 
Wrought Iron Pipe, Gas Fittings, etc. The display made by this 
representative house of the northwest was large and particularly 
fine, the elevator being a great attraction. To give a descrip- 
tion of all the goods exhibited, would be but to occupy space for 
naught ; as no manufacturing establishment of Chicago is more 
widely or favorably known throughout the United States than that 
of this Company ; as are also their productions. It is not a western 
establishment to supply western wants only. Boston, New York, 
Philadelphia, Pittsburg, and other cities of the east, San Francisco, 
Salt J.ake, New Orleans, St. Louis, Montreal, and other cities north, 
south and west, are all numbered among its customers. It is of 
national repute, and has a trade established upon the merits of its 
products, and not by territorial limits. And as one Company, 
producing millions annually, and giving comfortable support to 
thousands of the population, under the guiding influence of intel- 
ligent minds, it is a feature of Chicago enterprise, tending to solve 
the mystery of Chicago's un equaled progress. Men like those who 
created and control this establishment, have made Chicago. 

6. — Filer, Stowell & Co., proprietors Cream City Iron Works, 
Milwaukee, Wis. Stowell's New Gang Bolter. The principal fea- 
tures of this machine are that the movable box or journal at the end 
of the arbor allows the saws to be taken off and replaced just as 
readily as any ordinary circular mill, by passing them through the 
open circle in the frame, there being no chain or other obstruction 
in the way. The guides are readily removed and easily adjusted. 
The guide-plate is so constructed as to receive wooden guide-pins, 
so that the expense of renewing is merely nominal, and the plate 
will last as long as any part of the machine. Another feature ot 
great importance in this machine is a new device, operating as a 
press-roller and guard for each separate bolt, while and after thus 
sawed, until carried entirely away from the machine. This is 
effected by placing a series of saws behind the cutting saws, there 



26o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

being one outside of each outside cutting saw and one for each 

intervening space between the saws. Each guard-saw revolves on a 

stud attached to a heavy arm depending from a shaft immediately 

over the large saws. These saws ride each bolt, holding it down 

against the lower, feed-roller, and, as they revolve freely in the 

direction the bolts are moving, they present no obstruction to their 

passage through the machine. A ratchet wheel and pawl is attached 

to each of these saws, with teeth in opposite direction to the teeth 

in these roller saws, so that they are only allowed to revolve in the 

direction the bolt should travel. If, as sometimes happens, there is 

a tendency for the rear edge of cutting saws to catch the bolts and 

throw them forward, these guard saws being rigid in t4iat direction, 

and there being a guard for each separate piece, no such result can 

happen. This is regarded as a very important improvement, and 

one that should be attached to all gang saws. The forward press 

roller is a ribbed roller, ten inches in diameter, and driven from the 

shaft directly over the cutting saws. Being so large, ribbed and 

driven, it easily rises over any inequality on round surface of slab, 

and materially aids the lower roller in feeding. There are several 

other excellent improvements in this machine, which must be seen 

in practical operation to be appreciated. Several other machines 

were also exhibited by this firm, whose display was one that reflected 

great credit upon the firm, and manifested an enterprise second to 

none in their line in the Exposition. 

7. — Gore & Edgcomb, Goshen, Indiana. Gore's adjustable saw 
shaping machine, for carriage, wagon, agricultural and cabinet wood 
work, squaring, rounding and champering sawed or bent stuff. This 
machine is made of iron and steel, and every part is finished in a 
durable manner, and is claimed to be the only perfect combined 
shaping and rounding machine in use. It runs perfectly against the 
grain of the wood, and uses no clamps to hold the work, no matter 
how knotty or cross-grained the stuff may be. For rounding bent 
rims it uses no patterns, having peculiar gauges to control the work, 
and is easily adjusted to suit different sizes of rims. A valuable 
attachment to this machine is one for squaring sawed fellows with- 
out patterns, cutting both sides at the same time and working any 
size up to four feet ten inches and any depth to four inches. By 
the use of this attachment there can be squared from 1,500 to 2,000 
pieces of sawed fellows in ten hours. This machine is highly 
endorsed by all who have ever used it, and received many words of 



THE EXHIBITORS. 261 

praise during the Exposition by those competent to judge, who 
witnessed its work. 

8. — Heath & Hobkirk, 166 Randolph street, Chicago. Managers 
Branch Houses of S. A. Wood's Machine Co., Boston, Mass., and 
Union Stone Co. Wood Working Machinery and Solid Emery Wheels. 
The display of wood working machinery by these exhibitors was the 
finest made, and consisted of one planing and matching machine 
(made by S. A. Wood's Machine Co.), No. 2 size, 13 feet long, with 
six feed rolls, 8 inches in diameter, and weighed 8,500 pounds. This 
is one of the most important and complete machines of its kind now 
in existence. The amount of careful study and inventive skill which 
have been expended in bringing it to its present improved form, is 
indicated by the fact that it has been the subject of no less than eight 
distinct patents; the earliest bearing date April 13, 1852, and the 
latest, March 22, 1870. Each of these patents cover some important 
advance on the previous construction of the machine ; and as it is 
now presented to the notice of mechanics, it is safe to say that its 
capacity and working efficiency are exceeded by no other planing 
machine in the market. For dressing all kinds of lumber, and for 
performing all the various operations for which it is adapted, this 
machine stands without a rival in Europe or America. It has been 
the effort, in perfecting the machine, to construct all parts in the 
most simple manner ; to avoid complications, and make all parts easy 
of adjustment. At the same time, strength and durability have been 
constantly kept in mind. Eight sizes are made, with 4, 6, and 8 
feed rolls, making a variety of 30 different constructions. The lighter 
machines weigh about 4,800 pounds, the heaviest about 1 2,000 pounds. 
Another machine in this display was a four-side molding machine, 
manufactured by the same Company, combining all the latest im- 
provements. This machine was strongly and substantially built, and 
was expressly adapted for car work, house and picture frame mold- 
ings, dressing narrow boards, sheathing, flooring, etc. A combination 
planing machine and a surfacing machine completed the display of 
wood working machinery by these exhibitors ; all the above being in 
operation, and attracting much attention. The machines of the S. 
A. Wood Co. have a world-wide reputation, and in every instance 
where they have bean exhibited their superior excellence has been 
so thoroughly demonstrated over their competitors that they have 
always carried off the first prize, and a score of gold medals fully 



262 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

attest the many merits of this Company's machines over all others 
made. 

The display of emery wheels made by Heath & Hobkirk was par- 
ticularly fine, and was adapted to every branch of manufacturing 
business where emery wheels could be used. The Union Stone Com- 
pany, represented by these exhibitors, who are the managers at Chica- 
go, are manufacturing solid emery wheels, from one inch to six feet 
in diameter, and from one-eighth of an inch in thickness to one foot. 
They are the largest manufacturers of this class of goods in the 
country. The Union emery wheel is entirely mineral, and contains 
no glue, shellac, rubber, or other gummy substance. They do not 
glaze or heat the work, are absolutely free from smell, and require 
only three-fourths the speed and power to run them of other solid 
emery wheels, and will do good work at less than one-half the speed. 
For this reason, they are used successfully in foot lathes, and will 
grind knives or tools without drawing the temper. 

9. — Harris & Sanb-orn, 51 West Washington street, Chicago. 
The Harris Rotary Steam Engine and Harris Safety Sectional Steam 
Boiler, The Harris engine is simple and durable, and is specially 
adapted for many purposes — running elevators or hoisting machines. 
Its practicability and utility have been fully demonstrated by con- 
stant use for many years, and its equal for cheapness, power, and 
economy of fuel is seldom if ever seen. The Harris sectional boiler 
is constructed wholly of wrought iron, and so made that there is no 
unequal expansion or contraction, and no joints to leak. It cannot 
explode under any circumstances, and no extra insurance is required 
when these boilers are used. Steam can be raised in from five to ten 
minutes, and they are not only light, but economical, requiring less 
fuel than any other boiler, 

10. — Chas, Kaestner & Co.; Office, 58 South Canal street, 
Chicago. This firm exhibited one of their celebrated Patent Burr- 
Stone Grist and Feed Mills. The great superiority of these mills 
consists, first, in the vertical position of the stone ; second, the speed 
at which these mills are usually run enables them to do a great 
amount of work, and are especially adapted to light power, such as 
wind, horse, and portable engine power; third, the running stone is 
securely braced upon a wrought iron shaft of the best iron, while the 
bed-stone is held in position by a universal joint, which enables it to 
adapt itself at all times to the face runner, therefore offering a face par- 
allel to each other. The runner stone is set in working position by 



THE EXHIBITORS. 263 

means ofasteel point, which is attached to the lighter lever, and is set 
together by a hand wheel ; this lever is provided with a spring, so 
attached that if by accident a small pebble or nail should get mixed with 
the grain the stones would yield in such a manner as to allow it to pass 
out without injury to either of the burrs ; fourth, another advantage 
gained in the construction of this mill is the device for separating 
the stones at any time, and which prevents them from running 
together in case the feed is shut off; fifth, another important advan- 
tage in this mill is the ease with which it can be handled for dress- 
ing, one man being able to handle and turn face up the largest size 
stone without any extra machinery. 

II. — Lewis, Oliver and Phillips, 114 and 116 First avenue, 
Pittsburg, Penn. Bolt Machinery and Samples of Heavy Hardware. 
The display of this firm consisted of specimens in great variety of 
their specialties in Heavy Hardware and new and patented Wagon 
Hardware, All the goods manufactured by this firm are from a 
very superior quality of iron, rolled by them expressly for tlie pur- 
pose. In addition to their specialties was also exhibited every size 
of merchant bar, band, round, half-round, square, oval, and half-oval 
iron, of their own manufacture. This firm makes a specialty in 
addition to those named, of rolling peculiar odd shapes, for agricul- 
tural implements, etc. A Bolt machine, exhibited by this firm, in 
operation, by which bolt-making was fully illustrated, was a com- 
mendable attraction. 

12. — Mackey, Walker & Co., 128 Michigan street, Chicago. Mac- 
key's Patent Gang Lath Mill, Self-feeding Boilers and Combined Mill, 
and Lath Mill Machinery. Mackey 's Patent Lath Mill runs a gang of 
six circular saws, with the collar so constructed as to perfectly pre- 
vent them from heating or dishing — an advantage possessed by few 
other mills. They are very simple in construction, there being no 
gear-wheels, and so little machinery that there is scarcely any lia- 
bility of their getting out of order, and the frequency of stopping 
for repairs, as is the case in other machinery of the kind, is entirely 
avoided. They will cut from one to six lath at a time, as fast as one 
man can feed the bolts, and have a capacity, if properly managed, 
of 9,000 lath per hour. 

13. — Wm. F. Moody, cor. Monroe and Clinton streets, Chicago. 
Moody's Patent Dovetailing Machine. This machine makes a per- 
fect and complete dovetail, of the same kind as the hand - made. 
The work is done by chisels, working alternately. The machine is 



264 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

easily adjusted, not liable to get out of order, and seems to require 
but very little skill or practice in its use. The work is done with 
perfect accuracy and great rapidity, dovetailing complete 600 draw- 
ers per day, The merits of this machine are worthy the attention 
of all manufacturers. 

14. — Harder, Luse & Co., Chicago Type Foundry, 139 and 141 
Monroe street, Chicago. This well-known establishment contributed 
one of the most interesting and novel features in the Exposition — a 
miniature type foundry in complete operation. Here could be seen 
different processes by which the dull, lead is transformed into bright 
types, that are so useful in disseminating knowledge of all kinds 
throughout the habitable globe. The first to be noticed were two 
casting machines — perfect marvels of ingenuity — propelled by 
steam, an improvement lately introduced by this firm, operated on 
what is termed a steam table, each machine being so arranged as to 
act independent of the other. Each machine is provided with a fur- 
nace, in which the metal is melted, from whence the metal is injected 
by a pump into the type mold with such force as to make the type 
perfectly solid. The type mold is in two parts, made of steel, which 
forms the body or shank ; and the matrix, made by driving a steel 
punch with the face of the type cut accurately thereon, makes the 
letter itself. This matrix and mold, to make perfect type, are made 
to fit together with mathematical accuracy, otherwise the face would 
not fit squarely on the body, a fact that would be painfully observable 
to the reader. At each revolution the mold closes together, the 
matrix is thrown up against the end of the mold, the metal is injected 
by the pump, a pause of an instant for the metal to cool, the mold 
slightly opens, and out drops a type. To all appearances the machine 
has made a perfect type, but human hands must now complete the 
work and put on the finishing touches. Two boys break the "jet" 
or refuse from the end of the body, transfer the type to girls who rub 
the flat sides lightly on a stone, in order to remove the burr on the 
corners of the body, which cannot be avoided in a movable mold. 
When rubbed, they are passed to another set of hands, who set them 
all one way on sticks about a yard long. These sticks are transferred 
to the dresser table, to undergo the final operation of manufacture, 
that of dressing the sides and bottoms and examining the face of 
each type with a magnifying glass, all of the type having even the 
slightest imperfection being thrown out. The rapidity with which 
this entire process is done is truly surprising. Some idea may be 



THE EXHIBITORS. 265 

obtained from the following figures : The machines cast on an aver- 
age 75,000 single type per day; each breaker boy will handle 37,500 
type; each rubber will handle 50,000; and each setter will setup 
37,500 type; or to sum it up, the production of two machines, with 
one man to attend them, two boys, five girls, and a dresser will turn 
out about two types in each second of time. Great credit is due to 
Messrs. Marder, Luse & Co., for thus enabling the thousands of 
visitors to the Exposition to witness the manufacture of type, a sub- 
ject to which perhaps they had never before given a thought, save 
those of the " Art Preservative," but which they will undoubtedly 
now recall to mind every time they open a book or read a newspaper. 
This firm was established in 1855, and to them belongs the credit of 
being the first to manufacture type in an Exposition, although it is 
no more than what should have been expected from a house of their 
enterprise and magnitude. 

15. — National Watch Co., Elgin, 111. One of the chief attrac- 
tions at the Exposition was that of the miniature watch factory 
erected by the above Company, where the process of manufacturing 
the most interesting parts of the watch by machinery was in process 
under the management of young lady operatives. Twenty-five 
machines were in operation, and pinion and wheel cutting, jeweling, 
screw making, plate drilling and other highly interesting and instruc- 
tive processes shown. Inventions in watch making are of two sorts: 
the one an improvement in the mechanism itself; the other in the 
machinery by which some part of the watch is made. Watches 
have much to answer for, if indeed it is true that the worst railway 
accidents are attributable to errors in time-keepers. The Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad has set a good example in this regard. It owns the 
watches carried by its engineers, all of which are the Elgin, and 
supplied by the National Company. When a locomotive is sent out, 
the watch belonging to it is given to the engineer in charge. When 
he returns and reports, his watch is also returned and carefully res;- 
ulated, so there is never any variation in the time-pieces carried 
by the employes of this great road. The Elgin watch has become 
as a household word, and their merits are well known. The " B. W. 
Raymond " is the famous railroad watch made by this Company, and 
now so generally in use among railroad men in this country where a 
correct time-keeper is required. The " H. L. Culver " is a com- 
panion piece to the "Raymond." Both these movements make 
18,000 beats an hour. The movements made by this Company for 



266 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

ladies' use consist of the '' Lady Elgin," " Frances Ruble " and " Gail 
Borden; " the former being very extensively used, while all are ele- 
gant and correct time-keepers. A variety of movements made by 
this Company were exhibited, and were carefully examined by the 
thousands of visitors, whose interest was unbounded over this popu- 
lar watch. The factory of this Com.pany is at Elgin, and the prin- 
cipal office is located in Chicago. The capital invested in watch 
making by this Company is one million dollars. 

i6. — Page Bros. & Co., 59 and 61 Lake street, Chicago. The 
display of this firm was very attractive and interesting, and con- 
sisted of several Boot and Shoe Machines made by the Boot and 
Shoe Machinery and Manufacturing Co. of Boston, Mass. The 
" Champion " power pegging machine, driving 900 pegs per minute, 
making the pegs, holes, and driving in the pegs, all at the same time, 
was undoubtedly the most interesting machine among the many 
exhibited. All the machines necessary to make a boot or shoe, run 
by foot or steam power, were here in operation, giving an ample idea 
of their labor-saving qualities. Altogether, the display »made by 
Messrs. Page Bros. & Co., who are sole western agents for the Boston 
Manufacturing Co.'s boot and shoe machinery, and also the Stimp- 
son y)atents, was unique and interesting, and an hour could not have 
been more profitably spent than in examining the various machines 
exhibited by them, and in watching the skillful manipulations of 
those to wliom were assigned the duty of practically demonstrating 
their efficiency. 

17. — Plumb, Burdick & Barnard, Buffalo, N. Y. Bolt Forging 
Machine. Tliis machine is particularly adapted to the manufactur- 
ing of square and hexagon heads, but is also capable of making any 
desired style. They are put up in the best manner, free from gear 
or complication, take little power, are quickly adjusted fr'om one size 
to another, and can head bolts of any length. Unlike other machines, 
where the blank is horizontal, it remains stationary until the head is 
completed. Other machines clamp the blanks tightly with the hold- 
ing dies, and turn it one-quarter or one-half around with each revo- 
lution, thereby reducing the size of the rod directly under the head 
where the die strikes it. In this machine the end of the blank rests 
against a stop, and the holding dies simply close on the iron and 
remain so until completed. The stock for the head is upset by a 
plunger which recedes, and the forging, dies, acting simultaneously 
on the four sides, form the head to the required size and shape, thus 



THE EXHIBITORS. 267 

producing heads uniform in size and retaining the full strength of 
the iron. It is so arranged that it will make four, six or eight revo- 
lutions, thus giving each head twenty, thirty, or forty blows, accord- 
ing to the finish desired ; then stops to discharge the bolt, and is 
ready to receive another blank. The working parts of the machine 
are operated only while the blank is being headed, thus reducing the 
wear in proportion to the work done. 

18. — Roper Caloric Engine Company, 124 Chambers street, N. 
Y. Ledyard Colburn, Agent, 736 State street, Chicago. Caloric 
Engine. This engine is admirably adapted for all sorts of mechan- 
ical work where a moderate power is required, and possesses many 
superior advantages, among which may be named that no v/ater is 
used, hence it cannot explode. No extra insurance is required where 
these engines are used. It requires no skilled engineer, and is not 
liable to get out of order and costs to run 20 cents per day per horse 
power. The destruction of life and property from the use of steam is 
well known and shows the importance of supplying a motive power 
free from danger. Small steam engines require the closest watching 
and greatest care, and therefore, when power is needed, safety alone 
should be the turning point in favor of the Roper engine — for neg- 
lect of this engine can only result in its stoppage after the fire gets 
low. 

19. — Vant, Cook & Company, 125 West Randolph street, Chi- 
cago. This firm exhibited one of their new style Centrifugal Corn 
Sheller and Cleaner Machine. This machine possesses four improve- 
ments upon those first made by this Company, and now ranks one of 
the best in the market. The one on exhibition was No i in size, 
and performed its work in a satisfactory manner to all interested. 
This firm are also dealers in mowing and reaping machines, sickles 
and sections, and made a fine display of these implements which 
were made by the Whitman & Miles Manufacturing Company, of 
Akron, Ohio. 

20. — Walworth, Brooks & Co., 243 and 245 Lake street, Chi- 
cago. Steam Pumps, Machinery, Tools, etc. The display made by 
this old establishment, whose business career dates back over thirty- 
four years, was in every way commendable, comprising every known 
article of fittings, valves, etc., for steam, gas and water, engines, 
boilers, belting, hose, gas and steam fitters' tools, steam pumps, steam 
heating apparatus. A very fine display was made by this firm of 
Blake's celebrated patent steam pumps. The simplicity of the valve 



2 68 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

gear and positiveness of action of these steam pumps render them a 
most desirable article, comparing favorably with any other pump in 
the market. A few interesting facts are here recorded, illustrating 
the progress of this leading firm. In 1840, James J. Walworth was 
engaged in New York in importing wrought iron gas and steam pipe, 
of English manufacture. In 1842 he admitted as partner Joseph 
Nason, since so widely known in the trade. At this time the only 
attempt at steam heating was in manufactories, by carrying the cast 
iron exhaust pipe from the engine directly through the building, 
under the ceiling. The new firm soon perfected and commenced the 
erection of improved apparatus, using either exhaust or live steam 
from the boiler, through wrought iron pipes. They not only intro- 
duced the system of direct radiation^ but also that of indirect radia- 
tion and ventilating by the use of fan-blowers, now commonly used 
in large public buildings, hospitals, etc. The first apparatus of this 
kind they erected in the Boston Custom House, about 1846, in which 
city they also had a manufactory and store. At the outset they 
encountered the necessity of improved fittings and valves, the elbows, 
etc., then in use being expensively made of wrought iron, and the 
present globe valve, angle, check and other valves, cast iron and mal- 
leable fittings, etc., being unknown. All these articles were invented 
and manufactured by Walworth & Nason, and the manufacturers of 
every country have freely copied their patterns, but at this day they 
remain substantially the same as when originated. Unlike many 
inventors, neither Mr. W. nor his coadjutors have received any rea- 
sonable emolument in royalties from these valuable inventions, but 
by the energetic introduction of their productions the firms in Bos- 
ton and Chicago have secured a leading position in the trade. Mr. 
Walworth is now, and has been from the first, actively engaged in the 
iron pipe business, having commenced in Chicago in 1853, and being 
at present the senior partner of the firm of Walworth, Brooks, & Co., 
of Chicago, who are also the exclusive manufacturers for this part of 
the country of the Nason vertical tube radiator, the acknowledged 
standard apparatus, as well as of all other goods used in the pipe- 
fitting trade. The practical experience obtained in heating and ven- 
tilating over 3,000 buildings, such as hotels, hospitals, stores, dwell- 
ings, etc., in all parts of the Union, must prove valuable to the pat- 
rons of the firm. This firm also represent Messrs. Otis Bros. &Co., 
of New York, who are the largest builders in the country of patent 
steam safety elevators, for ho-tels, stores, office buildings, mines, etc. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 269 

The Otis machines have, on account of their superiority in design, 
material and workmanship, become so largely introduced in all the 
leading cities during the past twenty years, as to require no descrip- 
tion here. 

21. — SiLSBY Manufacturing Company, Seneca Falls, New York, 
S. McDowell, General Western Agent, 156 and 158 LaSalle street, 
Chicago. This Company was well represented, having one of their 
third size rotary steam fire engines, a power pump, a hand pump and 
a hose cart, besides a working model steam fire engine. The model 
attracted more than ordinary interest, from the fact that it was made 
by a one-armed engineer belonging to one of their engines, during 
his leisure time, covering a space of about three years. These ma- 
chines are all made on the rotary principle, and are, without "doubt, 
the most effective and serviceable fire engines made ; their wide- 
spread popularity and rapid introduction going to prove the assertion. 

22. — Chicago Portable Track and Car Company; Office, Bry- 
ant block, 57 Dearborn street, Chicago. Portable Cars and track; 
A. Beteler's patent. This invention is intended for use in grading 
railroads, in place of carts or wagons, and in coal and iron mines, 
unloading coal or ore from vessels; peat meadows,. stone quarries, 
public works, brick yards, etc. It consists of a railroad track, com- 
plete in itself, of from twenty to thirty-inch gauge, made in sections 
of twenty-five feet. The rails are a combination of wood and iron, 
held in place by cross-tie bolts, with suitable locks on the ends of 
rails, to connect the sections. Switches are also made in sections, as 
well as curves, to give the track any direction required. The great 
advantage claimed is lightness and portability, allowing the track to 
be readily nioved as the work progresses, and easily transported on 
wagons, always complete and ready for use. On this track is used an 
ingeniously constructed car — which dumps on either side — less than 
four feet in height, and holding one cubic yard. When the track is 
laid, a span of horses draw a train of twelve loaded cars. There 
were several of these cars and about one hundred feet of track on 
exhibition ; and, although not kept in operation, the cars were very 
often dumped and moved about by those interested in such business. 

23. — Chicago Taylor Press Company, S. P. Rounds, President ; 
Office, 175 Monroe street, Chicago. This Company had on exhibi- 
tion one of their machines, known as the Taylor Combination Drum 
Cylinder press. This machine was in daily operation, and attracted 
much attention, particularly among printers; and it was their 



270 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

unanimous opinion that this machine, combining, as it does, great 
strength, simplicity, ease of running, perfect register, and complete 
distribution, beautiful finish and handsome appearance, was the ne 
plus ultra in this line, and reflected great credit on the Company, as 
well as upon Chicago, who now possesses one of the best machines 
in use, and represents the only printing press manufactory in the 
West. Hundreds of these machines are already in operation 
throughout the west, north and south, although it is scarcely six 
years since they were first introduced. Mr, Rounds, the President 
of this Company, is largely engaged in the printers' furnishing busi- 
ness, having one of the largest depots and most complete assortment 
of such goods to be found in the country. His house was established 
in 1848, went through the crisis of 1857, the bank failures of 1861, 
was entirely destroyed by the great fire, and is to-day one of the finest 
and most extensive printers' warehouses in the United States. Mr, 
Rounds has fitted up over eight hundred different newspapers entire 
during the last quarter of a century, and his business is constantly 
increasing, and is a deserved favorite among the entire craft of the 
great northwest. 

24. — Invisible Weather Strip Co., F. Barhydt, Manager, 163 
LaSalle street, Chicago. The specimens of the ingenuity of this 
Company consisted of two working models, which fully illustrated 
how easy it is to adapt their invention to windows and doors to most 
effectually exclude dust and rain in summer, and the cold winds and 
snow in winter, from otherwise comfortable homes. It is applied by 
inserting a thin .piece of rubber about half an inch in width, into a 
groove made in the door or window, without using either nails or 
screws to hold it in place. It also avoids the rattling of the windows 
during high winds, without in the least interfering with opening or 
shutting the same by being attached to the meeting rail of the window. 

25. — Perry, Morris & Sultzer, Printers, State street, Chicago. 
This firm had within their enclosure a small printing office complete, 
and illustrated how easy it was to set up a book or newspaper and 
work it off to the admiring and wondering visitors of the Exposition. 
Two new printing presses were here exhibited, a " Yorkston Job 
Press," and a " Peck Automatic Job Printing Press." The "York- 
ston is made in three sizes, by Oliver Crook & Co., of Dayton Ohio. 
The one on exhibition was a quarter medium, and it is claimed to 
be the most simple that has been placed in the market for the uses 
of the printer. The " Peck " press is intended to do card and envel- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 271 

ope work at a high rate of speed — about 8,000 per hour. The platen 
is stationary during work, but can be swung out into convenient 
position for adjusting the tympan or overlaying. The bed moves in 
slides, with a motion similar to that of a cross-head to an engine. 
It is actuated by a crank and pitman. Pulleys and fly-wheel are 
attached to the crank, and each revolution produces an impression. 
At the point of connection of the pitman with the bed is a piece of 
rubber of sufficient thickness to soften the pull and give a '" dwell." 
'The card-box is adjustable to any size of enveloi)e or card, and has a 
movable foot operated by a coiled spring, by which the stock to be 
printed is kept at the top and even with the platen. The " feeders" 
are flexible and can be set to any size or thickness. The nippers are 
adjustable, and have pressure enough to hold the margin of the 
stock down and prevent its being " sucked up " by the form. At the 
instant of separation the pressure is relieved. The distribution is 
by disk, and four rollers may be used if desired. The roller frame 
moves in slides, fastened to the bed, and has a " traverse " motion with 
it. The press has an odd appearance, the form being worked face 
down, requiring careful justification. This machine is the first one 
that has been made, the manufacturers, Messrs. Peck, Cella & 
Eaton, having but recently obtained the patent. 

26. — Wm. Owen & Son, 59 Wells street, Chicago. C. H. Hall's 
Pulsometer or Magic Pump. This pump is one of the greatest 
inventions of the age. The steam is admitted by a pipe at the top 
of one of the two chambers of which the machine consists. A ball 
valve prevents the steam entering the other chamber. In this cham- 
ber the steam, after having forced the water previously contained in 
it out through the discharge-pipe, is condensed, forming a vacuum as 
nearly perfect as may be. As soon as the vacuum is formed, the ball- 
valve closes the orifice at the top and shuts off the steam, when the water 
from the suction-pipe rushes in and fills the chamber. In the mean- 
time, while one chamber is filling a vacuum has been forming in the 
other, and the steam, being shut off from that, forces the water con- 
tained in the full chamber into the discharge-pipe. Thus the action 
is alternate, and similar to a succession of pulsations ; the steadiness 
of the flow being secured by means of an air-chamber in the center 
of the machine. This machine, so cheaply operated and so inde- 
structible in use, is excellently adapted for raising water from wells 
and streams for irrigating purposes, and for forcing it to any height 
desired ; the height depending only upon the pressure of the steam 



272 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

in the supplying boiler. The cost of a machine able to raise no 
gallons per minute is only $200, and one able to raise 1,100 gallons 
per minute is $800. This machine is made by C. H. Hall & Son, 
Cortland street, New York. 



SECTION 5. 

Sewing, Knitting, Spinning* and other Machines in Motion, not requiring Steam 

Power, etc. 

I. — American Sewing Machine Co., W. P. McCormick, mana- 
ger, 76 State street, Chicago. Several styles of this company's 
machines were exhibited, together with a variety of specimens of its 
work, which were well done and reflected credit upon the capacity 
of the machine, and illustrated its great range of work. The four 
prominent features claimed for the American are, simplicity, dura- 
bility, light running qualities, and efficiency. The machines were 
highly finished, and in every way as ornamental as any of the stand- 
ard make. 

2. — Thoaias Barrows & Co., 381 West Madison street, Chicago, 
Agents Victor Sewing Machine. Several of these well known 
machines were exhibited, with well made folding cabinets of black 
walnut, inlaid with ebony and gold, having an elegant monogram on 
each panel of the doors. A show case contained several specimens 
of finely embroidered articles of silk and satin. With its recent 
improvements, this machine is claimed to be the simplest, most dur- 
able and complete, each movement being rendered positive, and at 
the same time light and easy, so as to attain the highest speed with 
little or no noise, and without injury to the machine. It has a self- 
setting needle, a perfect tension, and a new and greatly improved 
shuttle. It will sew from the most delicate texture to the heaviest 
material without change of tension, and uses with equal facility silk, 
linen, or cotton thread. 

3. — Chapin & Mitchell, 2,3 South Water street, Chicago. Bris- 
tol Washing Machine. These machines appear to be an important 
domestic invention; and of the various washing apparatus and gen- 
eral labor saving inventions for the relief of household drudgery 
exhibited, the Bristol Washer seems to have made the most impres- 
sion. This admirable washing machine, manufactured and sold by 
the prominent commission house of the exhibitors, differs from 



THE EXHIBITORS. 273 

Other industrial inventions in some important points of manifest 
superiority, which entitle it to popularity and general adoption. 
These points, as developed in the public examinations to which they 
are submitted are, that it is noiseless in operation, washes without 
wear to fabrics; washes lace fabrics, curtains, etc., without injury ; 
washes woolen goods without fulling or shrinking; works without 
friction, works rapidly, and works efficiently. A great point of ad- 
vantage is in the corrugated rollers, which have no unoccupied spaces 
for the retention of soiled water, and insure the cleanest washing 
without the common fault of shrinking the garment. The popular 
favor met with by the Bristol Washer was well illustrated by the 
sale of many machines to visitors, which demonstrated that this 
machine was all that was claimed for it. 

4. — G. H. N. CusHMAN & Co., Ottawa,, III; Office, 174 South Clark 
street, Chicago. Family Favorite Knitting Machine. This machine 
is of circular form, and is superior, not only in point of cost and 
lightness, but in the essentials of simplicity, durability, and rapidity 
of work, and possesses all the desirable features which a simple 
knitting machine can have. These are : Ability to knit back and 
forth over any desired number of needles, from one up to all but 
one carried by the needle cylinder; ability to pass any needle or 
any number of needles without forming stitches upon them, and 
without casting off the work carried by them ; absence of mechan- 
ical complications of uncertain action, and low cost. As to 
mecli«anical construction, all the parts of this knitter are made to 
gauge ; the utmost care is used in mixing metal for the cast iron work, 
and all the small parts are made either of steel, tempered and pol- 
ished, or of Norway iron, case hardened, and all the screws are 
hardened and drawn to color. No machine of any kind for family 
use is more thoroughly good in workmanship than the Family 
Favorite knitter. Special tools have been designed and constructed 
in every needful instance, and in finish, outline, and ornament, this 
knitter seems to be unsurpassed. 

5.— Calkins' Champion Washer Company, 191 and 193 South 
Clark street, Chicago. Champion Washing Machine. Labor-saving 
inventions are among the chief characteristics of the age. The work 
of the farmer and mechanic has been relieved of its most toilsome 
features by the inventive genius of the nineteenth century. But the 
work of woman, most dreaded, has remained without alleviation, 
and the weekly washing day has brought to every family its innu- 

18 



272 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

in the supplying boiler. The cost of a machine able to raise no 
gallons per minute is only $200, and one able to raise 1,100 gallons 
per minute is $800. This machine is made by C. H. Hall & Son, 
Cortland street, New York. 



SECTION 5. 

Sewing, Knitting, Spinning, and other Machines in Motion, not reqtciring Steam 

Power, etc. 

I. — American Sewing Machine Co., W. P. McCormick, mana- 
ger, 76 State street, Chicago. Several styles of this company's 
machines were exhibited, together with a variety of specimens of its 
work, which were well done and reflected credit upon the capacity 
of the machine, and illustrated its great range of work. The four 
prominent features claimed for the American are, simplicity, dura- 
bility, light running qualities, and efficiency. The machines were 
highly finished, and in every way as ornamental as any of the stand- 
ard make. 

2. — Thomas Barrows & Co., 381 West Madison street, Chicago, 
Agents Victor Sewing Machine. Several of these well known 
machines were exhibited, with well made folding cabinets of black 
walnut, inlaid with ebony and gold, having an elegant monogram on 
each panel of the doors. A show case contained several specimens 
of finely embroidered articles of silk and satin. With its recent 
improvements, this machine is claimed to be the simplest, most dur- 
able and complete, each movement being rendered positive, and at 
the same time light and easy, so as to attain the highest speed with 
little or no noise, and without injury to the machine. It has a self- ' 
setting needle, a perfect tension, and a new and greatly improved 
shuttle. It will sew from the most delicate texture to the heaviest 
material without change of tension, and uses with equal facility silk, 
linen, or cotton thread. 

3. — Chapin & Mitchell, 2,2> South Water street. Chicago. Bris- 
tol Washing Machine. These machines appear to be an important 
domestic invention; and of the various washing apparatus and gen- 
eral labor saving inventions for the relief of household drudgery 
exhibited, the Bristol Washer seems to have made the most impres- 
sion. This admirable washing machine, manufactured and sold by 
the prominent commission house of the exhibitors, differs from 



THE EXHIBITORS. 273 

Other industrial inventions in some important points of manifest 
superiority, which entitle it to popularity and general adoption. 
These points, as developed in the public examinations to which they 
are submitted are, that it is noiseless in operation, washes without 
wear to fabrics; washes lace fabrics, curtains, etc., without injury ; 
washes woolen goods without fulling or shrinking; works without 
friction, works rapidly, and works efficiently. A great point of ad- 
vantage is in the corrugated rollers, which have no unoccupied spaces 
for the retention of soiled water, and insure the cleanest washing 
without the common fault of shrinking the garment. The popular 
favor met with by the Bristol Washer was well illustrated by the 
sale of many machines to visitors, which demonstrated that this 
machine was all that was claimed for it. 

4. — G. H. N. CusHMAN & Co., Ottawa, 111.; Office, 174 South Clark 
street, Chicago. Family Favorite Knitting Machine. This machine 
is of circular form, and is superior, not only in point of cost and 
lightness, but in the essentials of simplicity, durability, and rapidity 
of work, and possesses all the desirable features which a simple 
knitting machine can have. These are : Ability to knit back and 
forth over any desired number of needles, from one up to all but 
one carried by the needle cylinder; ability to pass any needle or 
any number of needles without forming stitches upon them, and 
without casting off the work carried by them ; absence of mechan- 
ical complications of uncertain action, and low cost. As to 
meclianical construction, all the parts of this knitter are made to 
gauge ; the utmost care is used in mixing metal for the cast iron work, 
and all the small parts are made either of steel, tempered and pol- 
ished, or of Norway iron, case hardened, and all the screws are 
hardened and drawn to color. No machine of any kind for family 
use is more thoroughly good in workmanship than the Family 
Favorite knitter. Special tools have been designed and constructed 
in every needful instance, and in finish, outline, and ornament, this 
knitter seems to be unsurpassed. 

5.— Calkins' Champion Washer Company, 191 and 193 South 
Clark street, Chicago. Champion Washing Machine. Labor-saving 
inventions are among the chief characteristics of the age. The work 
of the farmer and mechanic has been relieved of its most toilsome 
features by the inventive genius of the nineteenth century. But the 
work of woman, most dreaded, has remained without alleviation, 
and the weekly washing day has brought to every family its innu- 

18 



2 74 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

merable discomforts. This machine well and truly deserves its name, 
as it undoubtedly is the champion over all other machines. It is 
substantial in construction, does its work perfectly and quietly,, and 
is universally indorsed, having taken many first premiums at various 
State Fairs for its superior qualities. 

6. — Davis Sewing Maching C J.,Watertown, N.Y. Branch office, 
358 and 360 Wabash avenue, Chicago. J. B. Collins, Manager. The 
Davis sewing machine and specimens of its work were exhibited by 
this Company. Among the samples of work shown were several 
articles of children's clothing elegantly braided and stitched, demon- 
strating the perfection attained by the only vertical feed machine 
exhibited, and the only one of any reputation manufactured. One 
noticeable feature was that it not only does the fancy ornamental 
work as well, but that, with only a change of needle and thread, it 
sews — and fully as well — through a half inch of solid lead and 
block tin, and with the same tension. Among the many good points 
of this comparatively new candidate for favor are the facts that it is 
impossible for work to pull up ; that no basting is required ; that it 
sews over folds and plaits without touching at all. The arrange- 
ment for the vertical feed is above the shuttle plate, the goods rest- 
ing upon a smooth surface, and are held firmly down by the presser 
foot until the needle has penetrated the fabric, at which time the 
pressure on the fabric is being transmitted from the pressure foot to 
the vertical feed-bar (which comes down on the goods close behind 
the needle) by means of a lever connecting the two, and also, with 
the needle-bar, so that at the time the needle has reached its lowest 
point the full pressure is transmitted to the feed-bar, and at which 
time the needle-bar and feed-bar are both moved laterally the desired 
length of stitch, both moving in unison at their highest and lowest 
points. This Company was organized about five years ago, at Water- 
town, N. Y., and completely remodeled and improved the machine 
during the first part of the present year. Among the improveujents 
may be mentioned the "milled shanked needle," by which device all 
sized needles occupy precisely the same position in relation to the 
shuttle, and cannot be set wrong for use ; also a new and patented 
'' back-hanger," capable of easy adjustment in case of wear ; a new 
"take-up" and an adjustable "needle-plate" for sewing with large 
or small needles. 

7. — W. P. Davis & Co., 112 Dearborn street, Chicago. Sewing 
Machine Attachments. This well known firm exhibited specimens 



THE EXHIBITORS. 275 

of their manufactures, prominent amonsi which was the " Peerless " 
tuck creaser, an attachment which really is, as its name indicates, 
without a rival; a fact conceded at once by all who witnessed it in 
operation. It is doubtless the most perfect working creaser in the 
market, making exactly the same crease for the widest as for the 
narrowest tuck, and so perfect for either that the goods fold over at 
once. The creasing is done by means of a long lever, and is there- 
fore extremely easy on the machine. Sewing machine agents all 
over the country have been much perplexed by the continual com- 
ing to pieces of the old style tuck markers, put together with soft 
solder, and will be glad to know the fact that the Peerless lias not 
one particle of solder about it, and that its working parts being 
made of the best steel, it is very durable, and only needs to be seen 
to be appreciated. The entire display was one which reflected much 
credit upon the firm, not only for the merits of the goods shown but 
for the good taste evinced in their arrangement, being contained in 
a handsome nickel plated show-case. 

8. — Farrar & Wheeler, 155 State street, Chicago. General 
Western Agents Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machines. A sewing 
machine at this late day is no novelty ; but comparatively few are 
acquainted with the great facility with which the finest work is 
executed by steam power. Therefore the interest manifested in the 
Wheeler & Wilson machines was largely due to four of them being 
run some 1,200 to 1,500 stitches per minute, manufacturing various 
articles. A shirt, with its many pieces, requiring to be hemmed 
plaited and felled, turned out in forty minutes! Not a coarse, com- 
mon article, but of fine material and perfect workmanship. The 
instantaneous starting and stopping, at this buzzing rate of speed, 
without breaking a thread or impairing the excellence of the work, 
seemed hardly possible, but such was the fact. The machines were 
run about six hours per day, and performed the following work: 
Eight dozen shirts, 12 dozen cuffs, 20 dozen bosoms, 22 dozen collars, 
8 dozen roller towels, 400 sheets, 400 pillow slips, 180 yards tucking, 
96 mattress ticks, 48 berth curtains and 100 window curtains. 
Another novelty was the new Wheeler & Wilson manufacturing 
machine No. 6. This heavy machine was run on patent leather 
saddle pads, and received many compliments from those whose 
experience fitted them to judge of such work, for the beauty of 
stitch and its quietness. It was speeded up to 1,200 stitches per 
minute, by steam, to show its capacity for speed, which is claimed to 



276 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

be fully thirty per cent, faster than shuttle machines can be speeded. 
Although many attempts have been made, this is the first successful 
application of the rotary hook to machines for leather and other 
heavy work. It is not only a success, but has many novel and 
useful features, which must ensure a large sale for it. The needle is 
very short; the bobbin is large, and is placed instantly in the 
machine, without threading : the under tension is changed by a 
lever, which may be operated while the machine is in motion, and 
the take-up is entirely independent of the needle, allowing the 
thread to be drawn at exactly the right time. Its capacity is from 
the finest cambric, with No. 300 cotton, to a harness trace, with 
waxed thread, a range hitherto unknown in one machine. It is 
remarkably light running for its size, which is due to its rotary hook. 
A new combination sewing machine, secretary and book case, 
attracted much attention. A show case of elegant samples made 
by the machines, and a variety of beautifully painted machines and 
cases completed the display. 

9. — H. C. Goodrich, 205 State street, Chicago. Tuck Marker. 
This highly important and valuable sewing machine attachment was 
exhibited, and sustained the reputation already accorded it, that of 
being the best sewing machine attachment ever invented. It was 
patented in 1867, and although several years passed away with but 
little profit to the inventor, who being satisfied that the merits of his 
invention would at last be demonstrated, the tuck marker was kept 
in the market, and early in 1868, it having become somewhat known, 
a brisk trade began, and the year closed with sales amounting to 
about $55,000. In 1869 sales run up to about $76,000. Having now 
been in the market a little over two years, its utility was established, 
and its value and importance to the sewing machine trade could 
hardly be estimated. At the close of 1870 the sales amounted to 
$125,000; in 1871 they reached $135,000, and in 1872 the sales 
amounted to the enormous sum of $180,000; thus in the aggregate, 
$571,000 worth of these markers were disposed of in five years at 
wholesale prices alone, and remembering that this now indispensable 
article was retailed at three dollars each, the amount paid out by the 
consumers foots up to the handsome sum of $1,380,000. In no 
period of equal duration since the invention of the sewing machine, 
was there ever any one article belonging or pertaining thereto that 
has been so popular or had such an enormous sale. 

10. — Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Company, F. A. Butler, 



THE EXHIBITORS. 277 

City Agent, 150 State street, Chicago. The representative of this 
well known Company exhibited ten of their popular machines of 
various styles, all elegantly finished. The praises of this machine 
have long been sung by many thousands, and being one of the old- 
est machines before the public, its qualities are well and favorably 
known, and needs no description here. 

II. — Home Sewing Machine Company, Johnson, Clark & Co., 
Agents, 157 State s*treet, Chicago. Sewing Machines. A number 
of these popular machines were exhibited, some of which were ele- 
gantly finished ; but the beauty of a sewing machine is the quality 
of its work. The " Home " is undoubtedly an excellent machine, 
judging from the specimens of its work exhibited, and taking into 
consideration the price compared with others, and it seems superior 
in many respects, the " Home" being sold for only fifty dollars, while 
other machines capable of doing no more or better work, ( and in 
many cases not so good,) are sold for seventy-five and one hundred 
dollars. This machine is lock stitch, light running and claimed to 
be the cheapest machine in the United States. The work it does 
and the price it is sold for commend it highly. 

12. — Howe Sewing Machine Company, New York; Chicago 
office, corner of State and Jackson streets ; J. O. Bryant, Manager. 
Sewing Machines and Samples of Work. The Howe machine, which 
is known in almost every household throughout this country and 
Europe, and which has been awarded hundreds of premiums for 
superior excellence, needs no comment in this volume. That the 
Howe machine is all that it is claimed to be there can be no doubt, so 
fully has .the fact been demonstrated. Elias Howe, Jr., the inventor, 
who is well known to the world, laid thecorner stone for the immense 
structure he has since built in 1845, when he completed his first 
machine, after years of patient toil for the benefit of the sewing fra- 
ternity, and his name will always be venerated and revered by that 
class he has so greatly benefited. 

13. — J. H. Lerow & Co., 256 State street, Chicago. Blees Sew- 
ing Machines and Samples of Work. Among the specimens of work 
were a scarlet corset, beautifully embroidered and stitched ; a misses' 
white dress, finely ruffled and puffed; an infant's robe, with puffing, 
insertion and tucking, and a set of pillow shams, beautifully braided 
and puffed. As early as 1832, Walter Hunt, a citizen'of New York, 
one of nature's noblemen, an American, was the genuistic parent that 
made and perfected the machine whose stitch to-day stands so pre- 



278 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

emiment for strength, beauty and durability, and which is so fully 
developed in the Blees noiseless, lock-stitch sewing machine. The 
main point of excellence of this machine is its link-motion, a most 
ingenious invention of distributing and equalizing the wearing points 
and joints, to make it last a life-tirne. There are many other points 
of excellence claimed, all of which are just what is wanted in a first- 
class machine. The many varieties of work performed by it, and the 
excellent manner in which the work was done, ail prove that it would 
take rank among the best, and receives the patronage it so richly 
deserves. , 

14. — Remington Empire Sewing Machine Co., Illion, N. Y. 
Chicago Office, 285 State street. E. Lathrop, Manager. Empire 
Sewing Machines and Samples of work. Third in order from 
the head of sewing machines will be found the Remington. This is 
a new machine, but it is rapidly becoming a general favorite, and is 
gaining favor in every household where it has been introduced. The 
manufacturers, who are the makers of the famous Remington fire- 
arms, claim that their machine is so complete as to overcome all the 
principal objections that are found in shuttle sewing machines. That 
which has long been sought after, by probably every sewing machine 
company in the land, has been obtained in these machines, that is, 
an even, round bird's-eye stitch on all kinds of goods, coarse or fine, 
without the use of cog-wheel gears, rotary cams, or levers, working 
silent and smooth while in motion, is positive proof that it will con- 
tinue to run well for years without expense. A discriminating pub- 
lic must, and will soon determine the merit of these machines for 
themselves. The Remington sewing machines were invented by J. 
T. Jones, of the Company, who is well known in the trade through- 
out the world as one of the pioneer inventors of the practical sewing 
machine, and are fully secured by recent patents. All these machines 
are manufactured at the Remington Works, Illion, N. Y., where they 
have ample facilities for manufacturing in large quantities, employing 
the most skillful mechanics, and the latest improved machinery. 
Much of this machinery has been specially invented for these 
machines. 

15. — Sherrar & McGarigal, 145 Clark street, Chicago. The 
Unique Washing Machine. This machine is of recent invention, 
and appears to be one of considerable merit, and is of that class of wash- 
ing machines in which the garments to be washed are passed between 
fluted rollers. The present invention consists in employing a cen- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 279 

tral roller, to which is applied the power, and a series of overlying 
rollers surrounding the central, said overlying rollers being pivoted 
in a hinged weighted frame-work, and adapted to slide up and down 
in a slide-way, to adapt them to various thicknesses of goods or gar- 
ments. The advantage of having rollers swing in a weighted frame- 
work, over the use of springs, consists in the fact that vvhen springs 
are compressed the pressure they exert increases so that when a 
thick or folded piece of cloth or garment passes through between 
spring-compressed rollers it receives a greater pressure than a thin 
or unfolded piece ; while the weighted frame always exerts the same 
pressure, which pressure may be gauged exactly to the required 
amount, to allow the cloth to remain saturated with suds, no matter 
how thick or thin. 

16. — Sewing Machine Power Co., B. W. Robinson, General 
Manager, 174 Clark street, Chicago. With this power a uniform 
motion is obtained, at all times and at all rates of speed, from one to 
one thousand stitches per minute. The ease with which this power 
propels a sewing machine is surprising to those not familiar with it. 
The reason of this is found in its peculiar mechanism, which can only 
be understood by a personal examination. The old treadle, which 
requires the unnatural spring of both feet at the same time, has the 
effect to irritate the side of the operator, while the motion with this 
power, requiring only the alternate tapping of the toes, is so easy and 
natural that one gains strength by its use. The power is applied 
and controlled by the feet alone, leaving the hands free to handle the 
work at all times, so that all the heretofore difficult kinds of work 
can be done with ease by its use, and the value of any sewing 
machine is doubled, 

17. — Star Tucker Company, W. J. Faulkner, Proprietor, 180 East 
Adams street, C'hicago. Star Tuck Marker. An interesting display 
was made by this Company, of their Star tucker, which, although a 
recent invention, has already extended its popularity over the entire 
United States, owing to its superiority. It is a neat little invention, 
and adapted to all sewing machines, and is pronounced by experts 
the most practical tucker made. 

18. — Singer Sewing Machine Co., hi State street, Chicago. 
Singer Sewing Machines and Specimens of Work. x\mong the many 
machines before the public for patronage and favor, the one man- 
ufactured by this Company still stands pre-eminently forth at the 
head of all the list, which position it has maintained for the past 



2 8o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

twenty years, and its many qualities are daily made manifest by 
the one million of these machines now in use. From this, it would 
seem that the demand must soon abate in the sewing machine 
trade, but on the contrary, each year the demand increases, and the 
Company of these exhibitors expect, the coming year, to double 
the number sold by them the past year, which was near 300,000. 
The specimens of work exhibited, done by the " Singer," were per- 
haps the finest display of samples made by any machine. 

19. — Wm. H. Sharp h. Co., Agents for the Florence Sewing 
Machine, 204 State street, Chicago. Eight of these machines were 
on exhibition, together with a fine display of embroidery, puffing, 
and plaiting, which were executed with care, and showed the great 
capacity of this well-known machine. The reduction in the price of 
these well-known machines, coupled with the announcement that 
great improvements have been and are still being made, will cer- 
tainly strengthen its already strong position, and cause it to continue 
to increase in popular favor. 

20. — Wilson Sewing Machine Company, Cleveland, Ohio; main 
office for the northwest, 197 State street, Chicago. This Company 
made a fine representation of a number of their popular machines, 
the workmanship of which was highly commendable. The display 
consisted of one gold plated machine, pearl inlaid, cabinet case, 
French walnut paneled ; also, one fine cabinet case machine, gold 
lined; another machine shown was one intended for manufacturing 
purposes, highly ornamented, with extension leaf table ; three other 
machines, for family use, completed the display of this Company. 
Many articles of work done by the Wilson were also exhibited, and 
although the names of the various sewing machines now before the pub- 
lic for favor are legion, yet it would seem that a better machine than the 
Wilson would be hard to obtain anywhere. The specimens of work ex- 
hibited showed that this machine quilted, braided, tucked, puffed, hem- 
med and embroidered beautifully. The most noticeable sample of work 
shown was a child's white merino cape, heavily embroidered with 
chenile, in colors, and valued at $250. This magnificent piece of 
work was done by Miss DeLussey, an operator of the Wilson Com- 
pany in the St. Louis office., and took the first premium at the Fair 
recently held in that city. The Company's original advertising 
poster, conspicuously displayed, was a prominent feature of their 
exhibition, and represented an old grandmother expressing surprise 
at a " Wilson for fifty dollars." These machines took the grand prize 



THE EXHIBITORS. 281 

medal of honor at the Vienna Exposition, and also three co-operative 
medals for specimens of work, of both cloth and leather. The dis- 
play made by this Company is deserving of special mention, and 
reflects credit alike upon them and Mr. W. C. Shaw, of the home 
office, by whom the exhibition was arranged, and under whose man- 
agement the goods were shown. 

21. — Lamb Knitting Machine Company, Chicopee Falls, Mass. ; 
J. E. Woodhead, Agent, 346 Madison street, Chicago. Lamb 
Knitting Machine, Knitting Machine Work, and Plain and Fancy Knit 
Products of Lamb Machine. This renowned inventi9n is constructed 
upon the novel and simple principle of employing two straight rows 
of needles parallel to each other and sufficiently near to connect the 
two rows of knitting at either end, but far enough apart to allow the 
fabric to pass down between them as knitted. The needles are 
placed in grooves on the opposite side of a needle-bed, the two sides 
of which slope from each other like the roof of, a house, and 
between which, at the ridge or center, the needles form the stitches. 
Over the needle-bed a carriage travels, which is propelled by a crank. 
This carriage carries a yarn guide that delivers the yarn from the 
bobbin or ball into the hooks of the needles ; and the needles are 
taken up to receive the yarn by means of a cam attached under 
each side of the carriage — one cam for each row of needles — 
which, acting upon the shank or lower end of the needles, operates 
them up and down in the grooves. These needles only are used 
that are moved up within range of the cam. The needle is self- 
knitting, its principle being such that when fed by yarn, and moved 
an inch forward and back, it forms the stitch by its own action. As 
the carriage to which the cam is attached is driven back and forth 
over the needle-bed by the crank, the needles are carried up to be 
fed by the yarn-guide, and then drawn down, thus forming the 
stitches. The machine is capable of producing four distinct webs. 
As any number of needles in one or both rows can be moved up 
within range of the cams at the start, and the number be increased 
or diminished at any time, so any size of web, tubular or flat, can be 
set up, and widened or narrowed to any extent. The machine sets 
up its own work. It knits hosiery of all sizes, narrov/s off the toe 
completely, and by simply knitting the length of the heel on one row 
of needles whilst the other row ceases to operate, it forms and unites 
the heel of the stocking as it goes along. The toe is formed first, 
the foot and " gore " next ; then the heel is knit, the calf is widened, 



282 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

and the slocking is substantially complete as it comes from the 
machine, the only hand finishing to be done being simply to knit 
once around the top, bind off the heel, and unite it to the bottom of 
the foot — while in evenness and elasticity, symmetry of form and 
beauty of finish, it is far superior to the best hand-knitting. The stitch- 
es being the same as made by hand, with no tension on the arm, the 
fabric is equally durable. The stitches can be adjusted to any desired 
length by turning a thumb-screw so as to knit all kinds and sizes of yarn, 
woolen, cotton, or linen, home-spun or machine-spun, rendering the 
fabric tight or lt)ose as desired. By thus knitting the fabric either 
circular or flat, single, double, or ribbed, in any desired shape, it will 
produce every variety of staple and fancy knit goods. This machine 
has taken ten gold medals, fifteen silver medals (including one from 
the Vienna Exposition), and bronze medals and diplomas in great 
numbers. 

22. — 1"he Weed Sewing Machine Company, of Hartford, Conn.; 
G. C. Thomas, General -Agent, 152 State street, Chicago. Among 
the specimens of work exhibited were a ladies' merino cloak, trinuxied 
with scarlet satin, quilted; a doll's pink silk dress, with ruffled and 
puffed lace ; a white satin chair seat and back, quilted, and trimmed 
with rare colored silk, all the work of the machine, eleven of which 
were shown, being all finely finished. The machine made by this 
Company, and known as the " General Favorite," has what is called 
a " stop motion," by whose action the work is arrested instantane- 
ously, with the shuttle in the loop of the upper thread, so that a mis- 
stitch is impossible. The direction of the work can then be changed 
at w^ill, without losing time or stopping the momentum of the 
machine. Its economy and usefulness in "flowering," or short 
work, is manifest. The patent for this novel attachment is the 
exclusive property of the Weed Company, and has been but recently 
introduced. 

23 — Wilcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine Company, 200 and 
202 Wabash avenue, Chicago ; W B. Needham, manager. A variety 
of styles of these popular machines were exhibited, and attracted 
much attention. The original patent for the Wilcox & Gibbs Sew- 
ing Machine was taken out in June, 1857, by the inventor, James D. 
Gibbs, of Millpoint, Va. The head-quarters of the Company are 
at 658 Broadway, New York, and it has leading agencies in all the 
principal cities on this continent, and in all the capitals of the old 
world. The machine has attained to great popnlarity, owing in part 



THE EXHIBITORS. 283 

to the mechanical skill displayed in its construction, and the conse- 
quent ease and rapidity of its working, but in part, also, to the 
exceeding beauty, strength and elasticity of the twisted loop stitch, 
which it alone of all tiie many varieties of sewing machines makes. 
It is now demonstrated that this stitch is, upon t?ie whole, the best 
adapted for family sewing, and many kinds of manufacture. The 
Mercantile Agency Annual., for 1872, in an article on sewing machines, 
says: "The peculiar excellence of the twisted loop stitch is the twist 
or bind of the two sides of the loop at the point of their crossing. 
This stitch, is often confounded by ignorant or designing parties 
with the 'chain stitch.' The public, however, by this time are 
beginning to understand the difference between the old, unre- 
liable, and easily raveled chain stitch, and the secure and 
elastic stitch of the twisted loop arrangement peculiar to the 
Wilcox & Gibbs mac]:ine. During the year 1871, more than six 
thousand double thread machines of all the well known makes 
were exchanged in the vicinity of New York for the Wilcox & Gibbs 
machine, and on the 17th of April, 1872, a great auction sale of a 
portion of those machines was held in New York, and attracted 
considerable public attention, adding not a little to the eclat of the 
Wilcox »& Gibbs machine." 

24. — Frank O. Weary, 95 LaSalle street, Chicago. Patent Sew- 
ing Machine Casters. These articles are adapted for all styles of 
machines, and are really a novel and meritorious invention. To 
move the machine, a lever is pressed by the foot, which raises the 
machine off the floor, and rests securely upon four swivel casters. 
To replace it, the lever is again pressed by the foot, and the machine 
drops again upon the floor and stands firm for sewing. All that can 
be required of casters for sewing machines, is now attained by this 
invention. 



284 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 



DEPARTMENl 'F." 

^Protiuctis of X\z dFarm, <J^cci)arti, Nurseq;, (t^artien anti OJireen 

Jgouse. 

SECTION I. 

Fruits and Vegetables^ etc. 

I. — Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, Topeka, Kansas. 
A. E. Toiizalin, Land Commissioner. Products of the Arkansas 
Valley, in Kansas. The display of Kansas products from along the 
line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, occupied a large 
space. This road has three million acres of lands for sale, situated 
in the upper Arkansas Valley, the finest portion of Kansas. The 
display is admitted to be the best of all the loads, and consists of 
grain, grasses, brick, stone and minerals, which are evidence of a 
rich and fertile country — the farmers' paradise. A noticeable 
object that met the eye of the visitor was a rustic ticket office, 
trimmed in cedar and wheat, with thatched roof, from the door of 
which was distributed circulars and bills of the road. From the 
front of the display a magnificent spectacle was presented. A sign 
above, and running the length of both sections, was wrought in 
cedar with a cedar border, and was conspicuous to all parts of the 
southern portion of the Exposition. First in front comes a magnifi- 
cent specimen of Tumble weed, commonly called Kansas moss. It 
is five feet broad, and comes from a seed not much larger than that 
of mustard. The first department of the double section was devoted 
to grains in sheaves, ear and threshed. The second was a field of 
wheal, a very artistically arranged affair, with Osage fence and rustic 
gate; also shock of wheat with the familiar partridge among the 
grain. In the third department was seen an exhibition of Kansas 
fruits, of the varieties which took the gold medal over displays from 
all parts of the country at the great fruit fair at Philadelphia two 
years ago. Then there was a beautifully framed representation of 
the seal of the State, ^^ Ad Astra per Aspera-." "To the Stars through 
Difficulties," a motto peculiarly appropriate to wounded and sorely- 



THE EXHIBITORS. 285 

tried Kansas. An attractive display of minerals, with specimens of 
the purest gypsum that the world affords, was also shown. This 
grows in large bluffs along the line of the road, and when the coun- 
try is fully developed will be one of the chief commodities of com- 
merce of that rich section. The ochre brick were of a beautiful 
red, while a column of stone contained ten different kinds of the 
finest building material. The vegetables gave promise of a farming 
soil unsurpassed. This display of vegetables secured the premium 
over all competitors at the recent Kansas City Exposition, A water- 
melon weighing fifty-eight pounds, one of the average productions 
of the State, was also shown. There was also cotton, salt and 
tobacco of the finest qualities. Altogether, this display presented 
an invitation to the agriculturalist full of promise in the yielding 
fullness of its soil, its genial climate and its cheap lands, that will 
attract an industrious population to the lands along the line of the 
road, which is already completed to Grenada, Colorado, and is pro- 
jected to the Pacific coast. Some of the advantages offered by 
this over that of other companies is, that it gives a reduction of one- 
fifth of purchase price for improvements. There is an abundance 
of coal immediately on the line of the road ; pine lumber is trans- 
ported from the Mississippi at low rates ; they give eleven years 
credit ; water, when not found in running streams, can be secured by 
digging to a depth varying from six to thirty feet ; the climate is 
infinitely superior to that of any other land-grant road, and the alti- 
tude (being 2,000 feet above the level of the sea) at once guarantees 
a vigorous and bracing atmosphere. Here is an attractive home for 
the farmer. 

2. — Burlington and Missouri River Railroad Land Depart- 
ment; George S. Harris, Land Commissioner, W. H. Wisner, Agent, 
59 Clark street, Chicago. A number of glass jars, neatly labeled, 
containing specimens of corn, oats, rye, and other cereals, consti- 
tuted the principal feature of display in- this department, although 
many other articles, all the products of the soil along the line of this 
road, helped materially to make a large and interesting exhibition. 
The lands which produced these cereals are located principally in 
the southwesterly part of Iowa and the southerly portion of Nebras- 
ka, along the Platte, the Big Blue, and other valleys. They are not 
exceeded in fertility, beauty, and any attractions or advantage's of 
locality and soil, which are essential in the estimation of farmers, to 
any region in the world. The crops are principally corn, wheat, rye. 



286 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

oats, barley, sorghum, broom corn, and flax, all of which yield boun- 
tifully. Root crops, pumpkins, squashes, melons, grapes, fruits, and 
vegetables in great variety, are of the most prolific order. The Irish 
potato, sugar beet, turnips, carrots, rutabagas, parsnips, and sweet 
potatoes grow to an enormous size (as was evidenced by those on 
exhibition), and yield surprising quantities. The climate is tempe- 
rate, healthful above most regions on the continent, epidemics are 
unheard of, winters are short and mild. The atmosphere is dry, clear, 
and bracing. 

3. — Iowa Railroad Land Co., John B. Calhoun, Land Commis- 
sioner ; office, 90 Randolph street, Chicago. One of the most prom- 
inent features in the Exposition was the display of this Company. 
The middle region of Western Iowa was indeed well and truthfully 
represented by the productions exhibited. There were samples of 
wheat, barley and oats of different varieties ; stalks of corn of im- 
mense length, bundles of flax, wild sunflowers from the Missouri 
bottom fourteen feet high, wild blue-joint and red-top grass, hops 
from lola county, peanuts on the stalk from Buena Vista county, 
threshed wheat and other grains from different sections, and fine 
samples of vegetables, including sweet potatoes, from Plymouth and 
Woodbury counties. There were other productions equally as 
creditable to the State, such as specimens of potter's clay, pottery, 
brick and fiie clay from Sargeant's Bluffs, Woodbury county ; speci- 
mens from the Monigona Pottery Works, Boone county ; brick from 
Storm Lake ; also plaster from the Fort Dodge mills, and specimens 
of the native stones from which it is ground, and a specimen showing 
how it can be molded for stucco. The lands of this Company, in all 
1,736,000 acres, were granted by the United States Government to 
aid in the construction of the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River and 
the Iowa Falls & Sioux City railroads, now leased by and known re- 
spectively, the former, as the Iowa Division of the Chicago & North- 
western, and the latter as the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central 
railways. A grant was subsequently made to the Sioux City & Pacific 
railway; and still later, a considerable donation of lands was made 
by the State of Nebraska to aid in building the Fremont & Elkhorn 
Valley railroad, now complete from Fremont north fifty miles. The 
lands remaining unsold by the Iowa Railroad Land Company, from 
whom the party buying receives a title free from all incumbrance, 
and with but a single remove from the United States Government, 
comprise 875,000 acres on the line of the Chicago & Northwestern 



THE EXHIBITORS. 287 

railway ; 560,000 acres on the line of the Illinois Central railway ; 
and 55,000 acres on the Sioux City & Pacific railway, all in the State 
of Iowa, at prices averaging at from $5 to $6 per acre. 

4. — State of Kansas, R. D. Lender, Superintendent at Large. 
Agricultural Products and Minerals. This display was composed of 
productions from along the lines of the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Gal- 
veston R. R., Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., and from the State of 
Kansas generally. The productions from the line of the L.L. & G. road 
were forwarded by John W. Scott, Land Commissioner at Lawrence, 
Kansas, while those from the M. K. & T. R. R. were forwarded by Isaac 
T. Goodnow, Land Commissioner at Neosho Falls, Kansas. Gov. 
Osborn was determined that his State, the thirty-fourth in order of 
admission into the Union, should be well and ably represented at 
Chicago's grand Exposition, and with that determination appointed 
Capt. R. D. Lender to superintend the arrangements and display, 
who, together with the two railroads above named, was instrumental 
in making one of the finest displays of agricultural products and 
minerals to be found in the building. From the lands along the 
line of the L. L. & G. railroad, were specimens of cotton, tobacco, 
hemp, flax, castor beans, barley, grapes, etc., while the M. K. & T. 
road also furnished castor beans, the stalks being fourteen feet high; 
specimens of corn, oats, peas, rye and barley, and a collection of 
fruits unsurpassed for size, beauty and flavor. Properly the entire 
display should be classed as coming from the State of Kansas, as 
before stated, both roads and the State combined to make the exhibi- 
tion. Specimens of flagging stone, with a surface smooth and regular 
almost like marble, from 'Richmond county ; sandstone of a superior 
quality from near Ottawa, Franklin county ; magnesian limestone, from 
Franklin county, of a handsome whitish color, and highly polishable 
nature, which when first quarried is almost as soft as chalk, but 
which becomes as hard as granite when exposed to the air; red ochre, 
mineral paint and fire-clay ; also a large collection of fossils and 
other petrifications from the Marias Des Ceygnes bottoms, were 
exhibited in a case, and formed quite an attractive feature. The 
State of Kansas, as is well known, was admitted into the Union Jan- 
uary 29, 1861. Its dimensions are 208 miles north and south and 
nearly 400 miles from east to west, including an area of 78,418 square 
miles. The face of the country is nearly uniform, being one contin- 
ued succession of. gently undulating ridges and valleys. The south- 
eastern portion has a limestone basis, and is superior to Missouri in 



2 88 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

the value and extent of its coal deposits. Lead is found in the 
southeastern portion of the State, and salt exists in great abundance. 
Timber is found skirting the streams, which are numerous. The 
climate is mild, the winters being short, with but little snow. Stock 
pastures are found through the entire winter on the river bottoms. 
The summers, though warm, are not oppressive, for the nights are 
always cool and pleasant. 

5. — Union Pacific Railroad Land Department. O. F. Davis, 
Commissioner, Omaha, Neb.; O. W. Herrick, Agent, 57 Clark street, 
Chicago. The display here was large and varied, consisting in part 
of apples,, of many varieties, pears, quinces, plums, grapes, corn, 
oats, rye, barley, potatoes, beets, and several specimens of cab- 
bages, all of which were of large size, denoting rich land and a 
genial and salubrious climate. The fruit displayed was remarka- 
ble for size, excellent quality and healthy appearance, the freedom 
from severe frosts during the months of May and September, in 
connection with the dry winters and warm, quick soil rendering the 
State of Nebraska eminently adapted to their cultivation. About 
twenty-five large photographic views of different scenes along the 
line of this road were exhibited, representing thriving farms and 
busy towns, besides others of a more romantic nature. The pic- 
tures were arranged in a continuous line on the wall, and, with their 
bright, gilt frames, formed a very attractive feature of the display. 
The specimens of minerals were numerous, and included coal, cop- 
per, silver and iron. There was also a case of curiosities, which 
attracted considerable attention. Nebraska was admitted into the 
Union as the thirty-seventh State in the spring of 1867.- Since its 
admission its progress in population and material prosperity has 
been rapid and substantial. The climate is the most healthful and 
delightful in the temperate zone. It is milder than in the same lati- 
tude in the Eastern States, and the atmosphere is dry and pure* 
The heat of summer is tempered by the prairie winds, and the 
nights are cool and comfortable. The autumns are like a long 
Lidian summer, reaching into the latter part of December. Cold 
weather seldom lasts beyond three months, with frequent intervals 
of mild, sunny days. The greatest amount of rain occurs during 
the agricultural months, affording sufficient moisture for the growths 
of the soil. Among the most attractive characteristics of Nebraska 
is the wonderful salubrity of its climate. The high altitude, the dry 
and bracing character of the atmosphere and the universal purity of 



THE EXHIBITORS. 289 

the water render this State peculiarly favorable to persons predis- 
posed to pulmonary and rheumatic diseases. 



SECTION 2. 
Flowers. Plants, Aquaria, Ferneries, etc. 

I. — William Desmond, 755 Cottage Grove avenue, Chicago. A 
very attractive display of Ornamental Plants and Flowers, embrac- 
ing every variety. 

2. — HovEY & Co., 141 State street, Chicago. Garden Seeds, 
Plants, etc. In the exhibition made by this exhibitor was found one 
of the most complete and attractive displays in florists' goods in the 
building, among which was noticeable a variety of flower pots, 
from the common earthen to the imported lava, majolica and wedg- 
wood, rustic and wire work, birds' cages, etc. Flower seeds of 
choice kinds, and many other minor attractions were offered, all of 
which reflected upon this house as the leading florists of Chicago. 

3. — D. S. Heffron, 250 State street, Chicago. Flowers, Seeds, 
etc. An extensive display was made by this well-known florist of 
choice plants, rustic work, aquariums, bulbs and wax work. An exhi- 
bition was also made of a large collection of choice garden and 
flower seeds. The arrangement of the display was commendable. 

4. — Edgar Sanders, 92 Dearborn street, Chicago. The green- 
house of this exhibitor is in the town of Lake Yiew, afew miles north 
of Chicago, where he located in 1837. The class of plants exhibited 
by him consisted largely in such as are used for summer decoration 
in the flower garden, which class has always been his specialty. It 
would be curious to note the changes that have taken place in the 
florist business within seventeen years. In that time all our present 
showy-leaved bedding plants, such as the coleus, achyranthus, cen- 
taureas, tri-color geraniums, etc., have come into existence. Indeed, 
the change in this department of gardening is very marked during 
that time. The most conspicuous plants on exhibition were the 
coleus, in many varieties, chief among which were the Favorite, with 
its intense crimson-scarlet leaves, edged with a gold shade ; Setting 
Sun, of a bronzy crimson, tipped with golden edges ; and a kind 
called Golden Beauty, peculiar from its scalloped edges and rich col- 
oring ; but the most singular variety, perhaps, of all, was called Cham- 
elion, and apparently rightly named, as no two shoots would seem 

19 



290 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

to be alike, while the color was of the richest description imaginable, 
almost vying with the rainbow in its hues. A class of plants very 
suitable to go with these stood in close juxtaposition, commonly called 
Silver Foliaged plants, from their extreme whiteness and foliage, 
used as a contrast to the Chamelion. The most conspicuous kinds 
are'Centaurea, Candidissuna and Gymnoearpa. The Aremdd Louax, 
a striped leaved cane, was also noticeable. 

5. — William T. Sheppard, cor. State and Washington streets, 
Chicago. Flowers, etc. One of the finest displays in the floral line 
was presented in this exhibition, the arrangement being exceed- 
ingly commendable, and the collection of plants, aquaria, and ferne- 
ries very choice. Only the finest of plants are dealt in by this 
exhibitor, and those shown fully demonstrated the fact. 

6. — Isaiah Trefry, 519 Cottage Grove avenue, Chicago. Flowers, 
Plants, Bouquets, and Greenhouse productions were displayed by this 
exhibitor, in rich profusion. 

7. — James Vicks, Rochester, N. Y. The great English florist 
exhibited some splendid Gladiolas. 



SECTION 3. 
Grain, Seed, Vegetables, and Dairy Products, etc. 

I. — Elgin Board of Trade, Elgin, 111., Joseph Tefft, President. 
Dairy Products and Cheese. 

2. — W. J. Ellinwood, 1 10 South Clark street, Chicago. Exhibited 
Seeds and Grain. 

3. — Richards & Gooch, 181 South Water street, Chicago. This 
wellknown commission house made an attractive display of Dairy 
Products, including cheese from celebrated dairies. 

4. — Porter Brothers, 171 South Halsted street, Chicago. Dis- 
play consisting of California Fruits in great variety and of extra large 
size. 




EX EC UT ! y E, CO M M ITT E. E,. 



^.i?^.it*.p'.fi^k>i 



THE EXHIBITORS. 291 



DEPARTMENT "G." 
J^ootJ, IBrmks, Cotaccos, etc. 

SECTION I. 

All Articles of Food of Easy Preservation — Canned, Dried or Preserved Meat, Fish^ 
Frtiit and Vegetables, Sauces, Condiments, Pickles, Relishes^ Condensed Milk, etc. 

I. — The Alden Fruit Preserving Co., Chas. C. Keeler, Secretary, 
45 Michigan avenue, Chicago. Fruits and Vegetables preserved by- 
pneumatic evaporation, by which process fruits and vegetables are 
rendered imperishable. The specimens shown were fully equal to 
the claims made for them. 

2. — American Sardine Co., 31 Broad street, New York. Speci- 
mens of the celebrated Boneless Sardines. 

3. — William Archdeacon, ii South Franklin street, Chicago. 
Pickles, Preserves, Jellies, Sauces, Milk, Meats and Fish in Cans, etc. 
The great pickling and canning institution of this exhibitor is cer- 
tainly one of the marvels of this truly marvelous city, and a few facts 
regarding the two immense factories of this business establishment 
.vill prove interesting and instructive. The factory and depot in 
Chicago occupy four large floors in the new and substantial brick 
building Nos. 229, 231, 233, 235, 237 and 239 South Water street, 
and No. 11 Franklin street. The magnitude will be better under- 
stood when it is said that each floor is 120x155 feet in lateral measure- 
ment, and the whole combined gives Mr. Archdeacon 62,000 square 
feet of flooring, equal to five acres of room, in which to carry on the 
various processes of canning, preserving, packing and storing the 
products of his vast industry. This immense space, one would think, 
would be difficult to occupy with any one branch of manufacture, 
but in a business of the character and extent of Mr. Archdeacon's 
there is none to spare, and every inch is made available. Two 
powerful steam elevators are employed constantly in transferring 
goods from floor to floor, to be packed, stored or shipped as the case 
may require. There is also a hand elevator in the building, to facil- 
itate matters in case an accident shall disable the steam apparatus at 



292 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

any time. The whole building is heated by steam, and is in all re- 
spects fitted up in the most convenient manner for the accommodation 
of the business to which it is devoted. Several scores of men, women 
and girls are employed in the establishment, canning and packing, to 
meet the demand, which is constatitly pushing, notwithstanding the 
immense product of these goods during the regular season. 

In addition to the factory already described, another is also run- 
ning to meet the requirements of the great trade of this establish- 
ment, and is situated at Crystal Lake. Out on the Wisconsin finger 
of the great iron gauntlet, with which the Northwestern railroad 
company clasps the most fertile region of the country, between 
twenty and thirty miles from Chicago, is situated the village of 
Crystal Lake. In winter it yields a vast crop of ice, and in summer, 
while its winter crop is refrigerating our cobblers and creams, its 
surrounding fields are teeming with all species of vegetables and 
fruits. It is in the midst of these prolific surroundings that the 
country branch of Mr.- Archdeacon's great canning and pickling 
establishment is located. Here are a series of buildings, covering 
acres of ground, having a side-track of the Northwestern running 
alongside, which, for eight months in the year, form a perfect hive of 
industry; consuming the varied products of thousands of acres of 
adjacent lands ; employing hundreds of men, women, and children, 
and preparing, fresh from the fields, millions of cans of fruit for the 
markets of the world. The catalogue embraces sweet corn — a cel- 
ebrated variety, known in this region as the " Trophy," being the 
principal one used, — peas, beans, tomatoes, strawberries, gooseber- 
ries, cherries, cucumbers, horse-radish, peaches, pears, and in fact 
everything susceptible of preservation is here subjected to the pro- 
cesses of pickling, canning and packing. In addition to all the essen- 
tial machinery and paraphernalia of the Crystal Lake branch, Mr. 
Archdeacon has recently added a coopering department, in which 
are employed twenty-four men. These turn out 35,000 barrels, 
half-barrels, and kits per annum. Also, a vinegar factory, with a 
capacity of producing 2,000 gallons of the best white wine vinegar per 
day. The display of canned goods made by this exhibitor embraced a 
great variety, and formed one of the most imposing displays in the 
building. 

4. — Blake, Walker & Co., 24 and 26 North Clinton street, Chi- 
ca2;o. Crackers and Cakes. 



THE EXHIBITORS. 293 

5. — Bell, Conrad & Webster, 43 River street, Chicago. Sam- 
ples of Ground Coffee and Spices. 

6. — Alfred Booth, 124 Michigan avenue, Chicago. Canned 
Goods of the celebrated Oval brand. 

7. — Central Yeast Co., Clinton, Iowa. A display of Dry Hop 
Yeast Cakes, which are claimed to be purely vegetable, and war- 
ranted equal to any yeast now made. 

8. — CoRBETT, ScoviLLE & Co., 14 North Clinton street, Chicago. 
Garden State Washing Powder. A practical display was made by 
this firm, of their washing powder, samples of which were given 
away, to the amount of several tons, during the continuance of the 
Exposition, As so much has been claimed for this powder, no bet- 
ter way could have been adopted to demonstrate the correctness of 
such claims, and prove its excellent qualities. This powder is a 
pure white pulverized soap, containing no adulteration whatever, and 
combining the most harmless detergent and cleansing chemical agent 
known. It is claimed this powder will not injure the clothes, and by 
its use much labor is saved as well as the clothes themselves 
from being rubbed to pieces to get clean. This appears to be a val- 
uable invention, and its merits certainly can soon be ascertained, by 
the profuse distribution of samples indulged in by the firm during 
the Exposition. 

9. — Chicago and Peoria Yeast Co., 6 and 7 Wabasli avenue, 
Chicago. Joyes & Stratton's Dry Hop Yeast Cakes, in tin-foil, air- 
tight wrappers. 

10. — Fleischmann & Co., 387 West Randolph street, Chicago, 
exhibited the results of Compressed Yeast, which' is the pure extract 
from selected grain. Bread, etc., was made and baked in the Expo- 
sition, for the purpose of practically demonstrating the qualities of 
this justly celebrated yeast ; and, from personal observation, it must 
be said Fleischmann 's Compressed Yeast is an unrivaled article, and, 
although introduced but a short time, the demand is unprecedented. 

II. — C. S. HuTCHiNS & Co., 65 and 67 South Water street, Chicago. 
Starch. A large and imposing display was made by these exhibitors 
of Kingsford's Oswego Starch, which is said to be unequaled in the 
world. And, as a further evidence of the fact, this starch has 
been before the public for the ^2J=>\. forty years., and has been exhibited 
at every exposition and fair in this country and Europe during that 
time, and has always obtained the highest prize medal over all other 
competitors. 



294 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

12. — LuDLAM & Co., Nos. 121 and 123 South Water street, Chi- 
cago. This firm made an attractive display of their celebrated Rival 
Cream Baking Powder, put up in various sized packages, from a small 
4 oz. box to 25 lb. cans, the whole making a pyramid of some twelve 
feet in height. This powder receives the highest commendation 
from all those who have ever used it ; and the facilities of the firm, 
although now extensive, are severely taxed to supply the constantly 
increasing demand. 

13. — N. Sherwood & Co., 39 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Teas. 
This well known importing house made a fine display of teas, of all 
kinds and grades. Being so favorably known to the trade, it is need- 
less to say that the display made by these exhibitors was but a fair 
representation of their standard goods, which are unrivaled in the 
west. This firm are large importers, and hence have the advantage 
over dealers who do not import their own goods, 

14. — Star Chemical Works, 4, 6 and 8 Lake street, Chicago, S. 
P. Richards, Secretary. This well known chemical house made a 
fine display of their manufactures, consisting of baking powder, 
extracts, inks, etc., the whole forming an imposing exhibition, and 
one, from the superior quality of the goods shown, of which the 
exhibitors may feel justly proud. 



SECTION 2. 

Confectionery^ Sweetmeats and Sugars. 

I. — M. E. Page & Co., 211 and 213 Lake street, Chicago. Can- 
dies and Confectionery, This old established and favorably known 
firm of manufacturing confectioners made an elegant display of their 
goods. The beauty of candy is its purity, and the goods of this 
firm are justly celebrated for containing nothing but the purest and 
best of materials, and the goods exhibited were fair samples of their 
ordinary productions. 

2. — C, F. GuNTHER, 78 Madison street, Chicago, Display of Con- 
fectionery and Soda Fountain, of which more particular mention is 
made elsewhere. 



SECTION 3. 

Mineral Waters, Eermented and Spirituous Liquors, etc. 

I. — DeWilde & Co., T^T^ and 35 Madison street, Chicago, exhibit 
many different brands of Rhine and Moselle wines, arranged in a 



THE EXHIBITORS. 295 

pleasing and attractive manner. This Company import their own 
wines and liquors direct from France and Germany. 

2. — A. & W. W. Strickland, 174 and 178 Adams street, Chicago. 
Samples of their celebrated brands of Liquors, etc., displayed in 
attractive form, comprising specimens of all their various goods 
which are so justly popular for purity and excellence. 

3. — White Elk Vineyards, Keokuk, Iowa. Wines incases. 

4. — Beaseley's Waukegan Brewing Company, Waukegan, 111. 
Samples of Pale Stock Ale. 

5. — Dr. Chas. W. Zaremba, 9, 11 and 13 Wabash avenue, Chi- 
cago. Chilian Wine of Boldo. This is a preparation made from 
the fragrant prune tree of Chili, South America, called boldo, orbol- 
doa, and its valuable medical properties were first discovered by the 
exhibitor, and by whom it is now extensively imported and placed in 
the market for sale, and the immense quantity which is disposed of 
shows the favor it must have met with. Unlike many medicines of 
a similar character (which are claimed to cure every known disease), 
the boldo is claimed to cure only certain complaints, such as dys- 
pepsia, etc., the modest pretensions of which at once places it upon 
a basis of confidence with the masses, and readily accounts for its 
popularity. . \ 



SECTION 4. 

Tobacco and its Manufactured Products. 

I. — Brockway & Schaffner, Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago. 
Cigars and Tobacco. This firm, who are direct importers, made a 
fine display of celebrated imported brands. 

2. — R. W. Tansill & Co., 29 and 31 Wabash avenue, Chicago. 
Cigars, k. large case contained several brands of cigars made by 
this house. Among those with full Havana filling were the Fannie 
Otis, Les Esponala, Figaro, Artista, Les Floresta, Le Bouquet, and 
Young America, all of which they make their specialty. There were 
also La Tubarosa, Club House, the Queen, and Les Fleurs ; while the 
samples of selected Connecticut consisted of Partagas and Magnolia, 
the whole making a large and creditable display. 

3. — J. M. Lyon & Co., 120 Randolph street, Chicago, made a fine 
and creditable display of popular brands of Cigars and Tobaccos. 

4. — A. Wehle & Co., 53 South Water street, Chicago. Cigars 



296 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

and Cheroots. A very attractive display of cigars and cheroots was 
made by this well-known firm, artistically arranged in a plate glass 
case, and consisted of samples of the various popular brands of fine 
cigars, such as are always handled by this house. They also dis- 
played samples of cheroots and tobaccos. 



DEPARTMENT "H.'^ 
Natural Jgistorg* 

SECTION I. 

Collections and Specimens, Models and Drawings, 'Illustrative of the Natttral 

Sciences. 

I. — J. M. Reynolds' Concho Co., 199 LaSalle street, Chicago. 
Shells and Corals of every imaginable size and description, imported 
from China, Japan and all parts of the globe, were here displayed by 
this gentleman, a full description of which would occupy a book 
twice the size of this volume. -^ 

2. — J. Strickland, 212 West Madison street, Chicago. Birds, 
etc. This exhibition of natural history was very attractive, and dis- 
played some choice specimens: South American birds, squirrels? 
etc. ; while were also shown white mice, bird cages, gold fish, aquaria, 
monkeys and all the minor articles to be found in a thoroughly 
appointed bird establishment, as is the one of this exhibitor. 

3. — F. K^MPFER, 127 Clark street, Chicago. The variety of 
Birds and Animals exhibited by Mr. Ksempfer, although not so large 
numerically as he might have shown, yet represented every clime. 
There was the mino bird, with his outlandish yet plaintive notes, all 
the way from Java; the cock of the rock, from Central America; the 
king lorey, from Australia ; a white squirrel arid a red one, from 
Germany ; seven-colored finches, the first live ones ever brought to 
the United States ; love birds, or inseparables, called so from the 
fact that they do not live when separated, and a host of other birds 
too numerous to describe, yet worthy of a more extended notice. A 
beautiful aquarium adorned the space, while fancy bird cages and 
plants helped to complete the attraction so generously bestowed. 

4. — O. N. Hartshorn, President Mt. Union College, exhibited 



THE EXHIBITORS. 297 

specimens of Natural History: The gorilla, chimpanzee, ruffled 
lemur, flying squirrel, giant ant eater, Australian squirrel, scaly 
manis, echidna, ormthorynchus, armadillo, hedge hog, gaival, Java 
musk keer, iquana double fish, black panther, wolverine, Egyptian 
mummy were among the collection ; but the most valuable specimen 
was the gorilla, which measures four feet around the chest, and has 
a breadth of arms of eight feet. He comes from the Gaboon river, 
West Africa, and those who have seen the half-human creature in 
his home pronounce him as fine a specimen as they have ever seen. 



MISCELLANE O US. 

John J. McGrath, 174 and 176 State street, Chicago. At 
either entrance leading to the art room was a large screen, repre- 
senting the wall of a room from ceiling to floor, and were acknowleded 
to be, by all the eastern decorators and students of design who have 
seen them, the finest specimens of workmanship, classic drawing 
and arrangement of color produced in this or the old world. That 
of the south door was fitted for dining rooms, entrance halls, libra- 
ries and rooms where rich effect is required, and is a perfect carrying 
out of the conceded order of mural decorating. The materials 
were the flock or velvet paper, of different colors, broken by gold 
moldings around the varied classic figures which form the pattern. 
The frieze of blue ground has a wire introducing the leaf made 
with the gold moldings, and colored red, green and brown alter- 
nately. The ground of the body of the room is the dark, rich 
maroon, accepted by all artists as the proper background for colors 
of a decided character, either primary or secondary. Burges, Pugin, 
Dresser, Eastlake or Godwin would find here their theories fully 
carried out in the treatment of the patterns upon this screen, and 
the balance of color might gladden even the fastidious Chevruel. 
The dado or base was about two feet six inches high, of black 
velvet. A four inch border of maroon, at top and bottom, divided 
by gold rods, and in the center, produced by molding of fantastic 
shape, could be distinctly read the monogram, "J. J. McG." The 
screen was a little overdone, particularly in the amount of gold 
molding used upon it; but that did not detract from the merit, as 



298 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

this work may be softened by black or some color introduced 
instead of gold to tone down the glare where it is required. Oppo- 
site the north door was quite another picture. It was a simple 
modern drawing room, after the celebrated Chas. L. Eastlake. The 
tapestry wall paper proper, the upper third, was well selected, in 
both drawing and tint, and the picture panel or center section was 
shown to perfection. The pattern of this was simple and chaste, 
reflecting great credit on the designer, Mr. Joseph Twyman, 
manager of the retail department of this house. Below was the 
rich, coffee-colored dado, with its Grecian border and gold figures, 
making the tout ensemble of the screen perfect when seen at sufficient 
distance to embrace the whole in one view, and reflects the greatest 
credit upon the exhibitor, not alone for the artistic work, but for 
taking such pains to educate those who give little attention to these 
things, to this pitch of perfection. The small book of specials, pat- 
terns for churches, public rooms, halls, etc., representing nearly a 
quarter of a million of dollars, are the goods which Mr. McGrath 
is importing for the spring of 1874. Each pattern has a border 
made to match it, and in this one feature lies a great success in the 
art, and completed the display which was in every way creditable. 

Anderson's European Hotel, 143 & 145 Madison street, Chicago. 
Although the display made by the proprietors of this hotel was not 
entered upon the catalogue as an object of optical attraction, yet the 
exhibition was one not excelled in the entire Exposition ; in fact, a 
hotel in running order was a decided novelty, as well as of great 
advantage to visitors from abroad, who, by the accommodations thus 
afforded were enabled to dine as sumptuously as at any of the grand 
caravansaries of the city. The kitchen of this exhibition hotel was 
a model and fitted up with all the most approved articles of a first- 
class culinary department, and cost $5,000, and being open for inspec- 
tion at all times, was an object of much attraction to many who are 
.ever desirous to see " high life below stairs." During the Exposition 
this hotel catered to the appetites of over fifty thousand people, and 
the endorsement given the proprietors for the excellent and substan- 
tial fare furnished and the moderate and popular prices charged was 
one of commendation. It may not be out of place to here remark 
that the hotel management at the Exposition did not devolve upon 
amateur " hosts," as the Anderson Brothers are the proprietors of the 
popular little European hotel bearing their name, located at 143 and 
145 Madison street, Chicago, which like the hotel department at the 



THE EXHIBITORS. 299 

Exposition, under their able management, is also a model hotel, with 
125 guest rooms, and ever}/ accommodation that pertains to a well 
appointed hotel. Upon the closing night of the Exposition, the 
Board of Directors and officers enjoyed the hospitality extended them 
by the worthy proprietors, and partook of an elegant banquet spread 
for their benefit, for which act a vote of thanks and the best wishes 
of all present amply repaid the proprietors, who are entitled to great 
credit for the able manner their department was conducted in, and 
the splendid display made of one of the most complete kitchen out- 
fits the country affords. 

Bradlev Manufacturing Company, Syracuse, N. Y. George 
C. Morgan, 16 Major block, Chicago, Agent for the Northwest. 
Bradley's Cushioned Hammer. This machine is adjustable in line 
of action, length of stroke, rapidity of motion, weight and force of 
blows, all of which may be varied and most perfectly controlled at 
the will of the operator. This hammer is not only admired by man- 
ufacturers and hammersmen for common kinds of vvork, requiring a 
variety of stroke, controllable to the circumstances, but is being used 
and is found peculiarly adapted to the exceeding difficult swedging 
of cotton spindles, which requires a continuous, exact, positive, forci- 
ble, and yet an elastic stroke. There can be no more difficult or 
exacting work than this, and no other hammer has been able to turn 
out this kind of work in quantity and quality as satisfactory as this. 
While the capacity is largely increased, it is not at the expense of 
its durability, nor its convenience for size, etc. It is compact, porta- 
ble, and has but little of the friction and none of the stubborn jar of 
other hammers ; hence it will endure more hardships at less expense 
for repairs, and outlast any other hammer. This hammer is made of 
iron, except the helve. The anvil and anvil block are cast iron, 
made separate and adjustable. The anvil block has a separate foun- 
dation, independent of that of the main bed, but each is so united as 
to transmit nearly the entire jar from the stroke of the hammer to 
that of the anvil alone. The main bed and its uprights resting upon 
a foundation separate from that of the anvil, relieves it materially 
from the concussion of the hammer. The helve is nicely balanced, 
and swings upon two adjustable hardened steel centers, and is put in 
motion by the use of an adjustable broad steel eccentric, operating 
in connection with the yoke and rubber cushions, the length of stroke 
being governed by the adjustable eccentric. The force and power of 
the blow is greatly influenced by the reactive and united action of 



300 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

the cushions. So harmonious and perfect is this combined action 
upon the motion of the helve, that an observer, holding his hand 
upon the working parts when under the most rapid and violent 
motion, can scarcely feel to identify the strokes of the hammer; the 
action of the helve in the use of the yoke and cushions is as flexible 
and near like that of the smith's arm as the results of any artificial 
method can produce. Such a thing as breaking of the helve never 
occurs, and by using a broad steel eccentric, it does away with fric- 
tion and heat. The adjustable cushion, at the apex of the standard, 
is to assist the lower rear cushion in heavy work, and also check the 
upward motion. On giving tension to the cushion in the yoke, care 
should be observed to have equal adjustment by the set-screws on 
the top of the yoke ; but should one screw be run down lower than 
the other, thereby twisting the yoke, there can be no bind or friction, 
as the universal joint connection regulates the result upon the broad 
eccentric below, leaving it to work free of the incumbrance. The 
power is applied and regulated in the use of a foot-treadle running 
around the bed of the hammer in such a manner that the operator 
can stand in front or on either side. A gentle pressure of the foot 
upon the treadle brings the tightener in connection with the belt upon 
the pulley, and thus varies the stroke in proportion to the pressure 
applied. On removing the foot the treadle flies up, bringing the 
break upon the balance wheel, stopping it instantly, leaving the ham- 
mer up, as it cannot stop with the dies closed, and which is a feature 
that every hammersman admires. 

CoAN & Ten Broeke Carriage Manufacturing Co., West 
Randolph and Ann streets, Chicago. The following Carriages, manu- 
factured by this Company, are made in accordance with the latest 
styles and in the most artistic manner. The proportions are worthy 
of especial notice. These carriages all have the best cast steel axles 
with composition boxes. — i. Square glass-front landaulette, or landau 
and landaulette in one. Front movable, to admit of landau front 
being put in its place. This carriage is of the English style of body, 
is handsomely trimmed with green morocco ; mountings are of silver. 
Price $T,8oo. Made by H. Killa.m & Co., New Haven, Conn. — 
2. T cart, for four passengers, with back seat reversible, the back panel 
then dropping and becoming foot-board. Carriage for i, 2 or 4 
horses. Price $900. — 3. C. & T. B. phaeton. The most sensible 
buggy built, combining, as it does, comfort and elegance. This car- 
riage is trimmed with the best green cloth and broad lace ; gear being 



THE EXHIBITORS. 301 

Striped green to accord with trimming. A buggy suitable for one 
horse. Price $50°- — 4- Whitechapel buggy. This is one of the 
latest styles, and one destined to be popular, the low front rendering 
it easy of access, while, at the same time it is sufficient to hold the 
robes. The proportions are most graceful. Price $450. — 5. Square 
box road wagon, with top. The body is hung on side spars and is 
of the finest proportions. This buggy, though very light, is intended 
to carry two persons, and is constructed for light and fast driving. 
The one on exhibiton was made to order, and was painted and trim- 
med to suit a particular taste. It is trimmed with drab corded goods, 
and gear is painted Munich lake, striped with gold. Price |450- — 
6. Open road wagon. Intended to carry one person and for speed- 
ing horses. Similar in style to 5. Painted plain black throughout. 
Price $350.-7. Six-seat park phaeton, with half top. Driver's seat 
is elevated, lid to close over front seat, and book steps. The lines 
of this carriage are perfectly symmetrical, and are in fine proportion. 
This carriage is trimmed with maroon morocco, and throughout is 
one of the most stylish. Price $1,350. — 8. Surrey cart. This is of 
an entirely new design, and, as far as style is concerned, is " the 
thing." Hung on side spars. Price $500. Made by Bradley, Prag 
& Co., New York City. 

Champion Fire Extinguisher Company, Geo. S. Essex, 56 and 
58 Fifth avenue, Chicago, General Agent for Illinois. The mechan- 
ical merits of this form of extinguisher are : That it is a simple, 
plain cylinder of metal, closed at both ends, with a cock on the exte- 
rior to turn the water on the hose, and which never comes in contact 
with any acid liquid. There is a cap on one end that can be easily 
unscrewed from the head by means of two small handles attached to 
it; at the lower side of this cap is a small brass cage, in which there 
is a stout glass vessel, into which a certain quantity of sulphuric acid 
can be poured. This is covered with a loose lead stopper. (A 
peculiar advantage of using the glass and lead is that they cannot 
adhe-re and prevent the ready fllovv of the acid when Required.) 
These two particulars embrace the entire mechanism of the machine. 

Northwestern Inventor's Exchange, H. Niles, Manager, 127 
Clark street, Chicago. Exhibited a model of Revolving Show-Case, 
containing various patented articles. Also, a model of Mayo's 
Excelsior machine for cutting excelsion, which is so extensively used 
in the manufacture of mattresses and by upholsterers. 

Armory Bigelow, Commission Merchant, loi South Water street, 



30 2 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Chicago. Mr. Bigelow is the representative of the Elgin Board of 
Trade, and for them made a large display of butter and cheese, the 
qualities of which are well known to many residents of Chicago, 
He is also the agent for the Boston Harbor Packing Company, and 
exhibited a large variety of canned fruits and vegetables. Having 
ample space, he placed the goods consigned to him "where they 
would do the most good," and succeeded in attracting a great deal 
of attention. 

Wm. M. Miller & Co., 151 and 153 Michigan avenue, Chicago. 
Wool. This firm had on exhibition samples of wool from all parts 
of the world. A collection showing all the classes and kinds of 
wool grown, and interesting alike to the wool grower, the manufac- 
turer and the general visitor. Under the class of worsted wools were 
samples of hogs and weathers from England, Scotland and Ireland ; 
coarse combing from Canada, Oregon, Wisconsin, and other States ; 
fine combing and delaine from Ohio and New Zealand. The finest 
sample of this class was a lot of fine cross-breed Australian combing. 
The staple of this wool is very fine, long and elastic, and much supe- 
rior to anything of the kind grown in this country. There were car- 
pet wools from the Crimea, East India, Africa, South America, Mex- 
ico and Colorado, and clothing wools from Australia, Cape of Good 
Hope, South America, Texas, California, and many other States. 
Among the most notable of this class were the Port Phillip, Banda, 
Oriental, and a very fine Saxony fleece grown in Ohio, It must be 
difficult to grow wool with a staple finer than this, and such wool is 
undoubtedly grown for pleasure rather than mere profit. There was 
also a sample of vegetable wool, a new staple that is beginning to 
attract attention. It is made from ramie, a plant that grows in the 
Gulf States. It is destined to become a staple article of commerce. 
A sample of camels' hair caused the ladies to think of a high-priced 
shawl they have always wanted, while samples of shoddy and " Ten- 
nessee wool " reminded the farmer of what he is sure to find in his 
cloth when he receives an extreme price for his wool. Many of 
these wools are not used to any great extent in this country, and had 
to be imported for exhibition. 

Rochester Machinery Manufacturing Company, 38 and 40 
South Canal street, Chicago — H. G. Wormer, Treasurer and Man- 
ager. Wood and Iron Working Machinery. A large and interest- 
ing display was made by this popular Company, prominent among 
which may be noticed the Woodworth planers. These surfacing 



THE EXHIBITORS. 303 

machines are well adapted for shop work — for carpenters, box makers, 
and cabinet makers, or any kind of light planing. The frame is 
made of cast iron, heavy and substantial. The cutter cylinder is 
solid cast steel, and the rolls are weighted in a very convenient man- 
ner, and will plane stuff to 3^/^ inches thick and 24 inches wide. 
The tight and loose pulleys are 12 inches in diameter, 6 inch face, 
and should make 800 revolutions per minute. These machines have 
the benefit of Burley's patent expansion feed gears. Also, improved 
weighted feed rolls. The rolls are weighted so that the lumber 
passes through before it reaches the cutter head, giving at all times 
an equal pressure in all inequalities of the lumber, which cannot be 
obtained by rubber springs. These machines are built under the 
immediate care and supervision of the Company, in the most thor- 
ough manner, from the best of stock. 

The Great American Brick Machine Company, 15 to 21 North 
Clinton street, Chicago. E. R. Gard, President. Brick Machines. 
The old method of making bricks is now universally conceded, by 
practical brickmakers, to be a slow, tedious and expensive process. 
It is a roundabout way of doing and then undoing. The clay is 
mixed with a superabundance of water, then ground to the consist- 
ency of soft clay, then re-handled, moulded in sanded wooden 
moulds, and the soft brick spread out upon a sanded yard, where the 
superfluous water is slowly parted with by evaporation. The 
attempt to dispense with this roundabout process by making a brick 
from dry clay, using only mechanical pressure to cause the particles 
to adhere, is now fully acknowledged by brickmakers to be unsound 
in theory and a total failure in practice. The true principle of 
brick making has been discovered in a happy medium between 
these two extremes. The Great American Brick Machine makes 
a smooth and durable brick, at a greatly reduced cost of pro- 
duction. It is neither a "soft mud "nor a "dry clay" machine; but 
it takes the clay directly from its natural bed, containing only 
enough moisture for thorough tempering, and permits the brick to 
be put into the hack immediately after leaving the mould. The 
essential parts of the machine are: The pug-mill, in which the clay 
is thoroughly tempered, and then forced into the moulds; the 
mould-wheel, containing twenty-four permanent metal m.oulds, ar- 
ranged in groups of three ; and the movable bottom, or follower, of 
these moulds, provided with a roller, and traveling upon a circular 
track, which raises or depresses the follower at proper points in the 



304 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 

revolution of the mould-wheel. The operation of the machine is 
very simple and easily understood. The clay is taken directly from 
its native bed (if too dry, a little water is thrown upon it) and 
shoveled or dumped into the pug-mill, where it is thoroughly 
ground and tempered, and reduced to a uniform, homogeneous mass, 
about the consistency of stiff putty. From the pug-mill it is forced 
into an open group of moulds, which are carried under it by the 
revolution of the mould- wheel — a polished metal surface giving the 
proper smoothness and finish to the top edges of the brick. The 
follower now travels up an incline in the track, raising the group of 
bricks from the moulds, all the angles and faces being preserved 
sharp, smooth and perfect in every respect. As the bricks leave the 
moulds they are taken up, three at a time, by means of a clamp 
and placed upon a truck having double decks and capable of 
holding one hundred bricks. When filled, the truck is easily 
wheeled by a man or a stout boy to the hack, where two boys, 
who are also provided with the above noted clamp, place them in 
hacks, eight or ten bricks high. Of course the operation is con- 
tinuous. Each revolution of the mould-wheel turns out twenty-four 
bricks, and the machine can easily produce sixty-five per minute, or 
thirty-nine thousand in a working day of ten hours; while a greater 
capacity can be obtained, if desired. At one operation the crude 
clay is transformed into a far better and more durable brick than 
those made by the old process, and at much less cost. 

Frank Douglass Machinery Co., 253 and 255 South Canal 
street, Chicago. Wood and Iron Working Machinery. A large 
showing was made by this well-known Company, whose wares are as 
standard as their reputation. As the display of machinery of all 
kinds was the largest in the Exposition, to describe each article 
would be to devote a large space of this volume, hence a favorable 
mention must suffice, as all the articles shown were thoroughly well 
known to the manufacturing classes. Among the wares displayed, 
mention may be made of Cameron's special steam-pump, a pump of 
decided merit; also of J. A. Fay & Co.'s patent self-feed blind slat 
tenoning machine, manufactured by J. A. Fay & Co., Cincinnati, O., 
for which house this Company are exclusive agents. This is an en- 
tirely new machine for making tenons on slats for rolling blinds, and 
combines the Ellis and Bickford patents. The stuff" to be worked 
may be of any length desired ; it is fed endwise into the revolving- 
discs, and by simply depressing the lever the slat is rotated on the 



THE EXHIBITORS. 



305 



revolving cutting tools, which make and divide simultaneously two 
tenons at one operation. The machine will work any length of slat, 
from 15^ inch to 24 inches long, and makes any size tenon desired. 
It will work about 20,000 per day. The tight and loose pulleys are 
5^ inch diameter, 21^ inch face, and should make 700 revolutions 
per minute. Weight of machine, 200 lbs. The entire exhibition of 
this Company was one of interest, and one for which they are entitled 
to great credit. A large portion of the machinery shown was in 
motion, the Company furnishing their own power from one of the 
Baxter portable steam engines, which is the most safe, simple, durable 
and economical engine in the world. 




30 



PLpsttmp anb (Jlosing 



OF THE EXPOSITION OF 1873. 




N the 1 2th day of November, 1873, ^^^ great Exposition 
was brought to a glorious close, after an unprecedented 
successful term of seven weeks, and up to the closing day 
the same enthusiastic- interest was manifest as upon the 
day of opening. Had the weather remained propitious, 
it is highly probable that the Exposition would have con- 
tinued several weeks longer. When it is remembered that the Expo- 
sition opened amid a financial panic, which continued as long as it 
was in operation, it is a matter of conjecture as to how much greater 
would have been the Exposition financially, if no panic had occurred; 
but be it as it may, the gratification is experienced that Chicago has 
had one of the greatest fairs on record, which has been in every way 
one grand success, and it must here be stated that a large share of this 
success is attributable to the sterling qualities of the honored Secre- 
tary and his earnest supporters, the Executive Committee. The gen- 
tlemen who composed this committee, as has already been stated, 
were men of unquestionable integrity and ability, in whom every 
confidence was reposed, that if it were possible for so gigantic an en- 
terprise as the Exposition to be a success, it was in the hands of those 
in every way qualified to make it so, and no fears were entertained 
as to the result ; and in such citizens as this committee was composed 



RESUME AND CLOSING. 307 

of Chicago is favored beyond many of her sister cities, and the envi- 
able ])osition she to-day occupies is due to the indomitable energy of 
her business men. With the true Chicagoan no such word as fail is 
known, and whatever is attempted is pre-ordained to be a success 
from its inception. No matter how improbable it may seem to those 
not interested, and although the doors of the great building have but 
scarcely closed, yet, like Alexander the Great, who conquered the 
world, the energetic Committee have met in council to discuss the 
feasibility of enlarging the present noble structure to double its ca- 
pacity, thereby to better accommodate all in the future, who may 
desire to become exhibitors at the Exposition of 1874. This subject 
is now the all-absorbing topic, and bids fair to be realized, and work 
commenced at an early day, in which event the present building will 
only constitute a wing of the huge palace contemplated. A more 
detailed description of this enterprise will be found in the report of 
the meeting of the Board of Directors, held on Tuesday, November 
19th, which is herein given. 

During the continuance of the Exposition fully 600,000 people 
visited it, or averaging 15,000 daily, and the receipts from all sources 
(as Avill hereafter be seen from the official statement) were $137,- 
413.24. In the enjoyment of her grandest enterprise, Chicago was 
not oblivious to the distress and suffering of her sister city, Mem- 
phis, and the receipts of the Exposition for one day were set apart 
by the Executive Committee for her relief, and near $5,000 was for- 
warded to Memphis, being the proceeds of the day set apart. The 
combined Charitable Institutions of Chicago were also remembered, 
the proceeds of November 8th and 9th being given for that purpose. 
Thus it will be seen that Chicago, in all her glory and prosperity, is 
ever watchful for the good and benefit of suffering humanity, both at 
home and abroad. There were near six hundred exhibitors repre- 
sented, and the money value of the goods exhibited was two and 
three-quarter millions dollars. 

As a further illustration of the perfect and harmonious workings of 
the Exposition, which closed its doors on November 12th, the entire 
accounts were audited and ready for the inspection of the Board of 
Directors on November i8th, upon which day the Board met, pursu- 
ant to call, and Hon. N. K. Fairbank, Vice-president, occupied the 
chair. Secretary Reynolds then presented his report of Profit and 
Loss, since the opening, which was as follows : 



3o8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

Salaries of officers % 1,416.50 

Expenses 10,144.99 

Interest 116.77 

Insurance 1,350.00 

Printing and advertising 8,884.75 

Labor 16,661.88 

Music 5,408.00 

Art hall salaries 250.00 

Freights 981.60 

Memphis sufferers _ 4,922.22 

Floating bills 4,930.07 

Ticket sales $128,750.17 

Elevator receipts _ 1,995.20 

Restaurant 3,160.37 

Rents and commission 3>507-5o 

Profit and loss 82,346.46 



$137,413.24 $137,413.24 

BALANCE SHEF.T. 

Assets. Jjabilities. 

Capital stock $169,125.00 

Profit and loss 82 ,346. 46 

Accounts payable contractors 28,321.20 

Floating bills _ 4,930.47 

Building - $278,791.04 

Furniture 3.077.25 

Cash in Secretary's office I5-9I 

Cash in Treasurer's office 2,838,52 



$284,722.73 $284,722.73 

The following resolutions were introduced by Mr. H. H. Taylor, 
and read by Secretary Reynolds : 

Whereas, The success of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago was 
made feasible by the act of the city government granting the use of the public 
grounds ; and. 

Whereas, It is deemed desirable to disabuse the public mind of any suspicion 
that the Exposition Association aims to conduct the enterprise for private gain, as 
well as to free its officers from the possibility of being placed in the attitude of 
speculators and showmen ; and. 

Whereas, Only considerations of the public good and the honor of our city have 
instigated those who have thus far shaped and conducted the enterprise ; and 

Whereas, It is the opinion of this Board that the marvelous success of the 
undertg,king, in spite of the unexampled rapidity of its fruition, and in the face of 
a depressing financial panic, affords a guarantee that it may be made, through the 
■ adoption of a liberal policy, not only a means of attracting to Chicago millions of 
dollars and hundreds of thousands of people every year ; not only an inexpensive 
resort, instructive amusement, and efficient educator for all classes of people ; not 
only a promoter of trade, art, science, invention, manufactures, agriculture, mining, 
and kindred industries ; not only a source of direct or indirect pecuniary advantage 
to every citizen, but, in addition thereto, it may in the near future be the means of 
founding and sustaining one or more great public educational or other institutions, 
which shall shed enduring luster upon Chicago ; therefore, be it 

Resolved, That a special meeting of the stockholders of the Inter-State Indus- 
trial Exposition of Chicago be, and the same is hereby, called, to be held at the 
Exposition building on Tuesday, the 23d day of December, A, D. 1873, at the 
hour of 2 o'clock p. m., for the purpose of submitting to a vote of such stockhold- 



RESUME AND CLOSING. 309 

ers the question of authorizing and instructing this Board to negotiate and arrange, 
if possible, with the competent authorities of the city of Chicago for the occupancy 
by this association of all that part of Lake Park lying between the north line of 
Monroe street and the north line of Congress street, free of charge, for the period 
of ten years from and after May i, 1874. Conditioned: 

1. That the said Exposition Association may capitalize any portion of its present 
actual net earnings deemed reasonable and just by its Board of Directors ; so as to 
give present stockholders the benefit of their investment up to this time, not exceed- 
ing net cash cost. 

2. That the said Exposition Association may, at its option, further increase its 
capital stock to any sum not exceeding $600,000, as may be found expedient, by 
bona fide subscriptions to be paid in cash. 

3. That it shall expend such increased capital, if secured, in erecting addi- 
tions to the present building in equally as good a style of architecture, in beautify- 
ing the grounds, or in otherwise adding to the convenience, attraction, or success of 
the Exposition. 

4. That after its stockholders shall have received back in dividends out of the 
first future net earnings an amount equal to their paid-up stock, and twelve per 
cent, annual interest thereon for the time invested, all further earnings, and finally 
the residuary assets of the association shall be devoted to aiding, establishing or 
endowing a polytechnic school, bureau of arts and trades, botanical garden, per- 
manent industrial exposition, or such other institutions or projects for the public 
instruction, amusement, or good, as the stockholders may determine upon at the 
time. 

5. That such beneficiary institutions or projects, of whatever character, shall be 
for the general public benefit ; open to all citizens on equal terms, and free from 
religious, sectarian, or political bias. 

6. That the building, when not in use for the Exposition proper, shall not be 
used for any purpose injurious to the legitimate trade of the city ; and when rented 
for conventions, festivals, or other purposes, no distinction whatever shall be made 
on account of sect, creed, nativity or politics. 

Resolved, That notice of such special meeting be given to the stockholders in the 
manner provided by law. 

Resolved^ That pending the action of the stockholders, and other negotiations for 
putting the Exposition upon a more permanent basis, and enlarging its scope, as 
indicated in the foregoing resolutions, which should properly be acted upon by the 
recently elected Council, the Executive Committee be instructed to urge upon the 
present City Council the great importance of taking favorable action as early as 
next Monday night on our recent petition, for only a short extension of time, so 
that our officers may at once announce that there will be an Exposition next year 
— and more vigorously work to secure special attractions at once. 

Mr. Taylor moved the adoption of the resolutions, which was 
seconded by Mr. Brown. 

Mr. Taylor then rose to explain them more fully. He said : 

In drafting this plan to give shape and permanence to the enterprise so happily 
inaugurated, it has been aimed to keep in view the rights and reasonable wishes of 
the stockholders, as well as the interests of the city, and at the same time to leave 
ample raiige and scope for future action. 

The particular character of the institutions or projects to be aided, endowed, or 
inaugurated, may, with propriety, be determined by the stockholders three or five 
years hence, when the means have accumulated and the necessity has arisen. It is 
simply stipulated that whatever they are, they shall be for the general "public 
instruction, amusement, or good," and " free from religious, sectarian or political 
bias." This much is due alike to the stockholders who may furnish the means to 



3IO EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

carry forward the enterprise and to the public, without whose consent the ground 
cannot be used, and without whose cordial favor and patronage the enterprise can- 
not realize the best results. 

Provision has been made for the capitalization of a portion or all of the actual 
net earnings up to this time, because it seems not unreasonable that those who ven- 
tured their money last spring should have the benefit of it. Yet they are asked to 
leave it discretionary with their Board of Directors whether all or a portion only of 
the nominal earnings shall thus be capitalized, as contingencies may arise requiring 
mutual concessions, in order to secure to present stockholders even the return of 
their capital paid in, for if compelled to remove the building next May it would 
yield but a small percentage of its cost. 

Whether, in the event of the favorable action of the stockholders on the resolu- 
tions, and the granting of the use of the ground by the city authorities, the Expo- 
sition building shall be increased one-third or doubled in size, or not increased at 
all, is left to future action. The present object is to obtain from the stockholders 
authority for, and the indorsement of, a liberal and comprehensive policy, and secure 
a basis for future operations. Money may or may not be obtainable for so grand a 
project as some of us contemplate. 

The northern limit of the ground asked for has been put at the north line of 
Monroe street, because it may be thought best to enlarge the building by simply 
extending the one-story portions, so as to include all, or more than all, of the area 
contained within the present fences and " annexes" at both ends of the structure, 
thus adding a third or a half to the area of the main floor, and providing suitable 
room for an increased display of machinery at the north end and a horticultural or 
other display at the south end. This enlargement can probably be effected at a cost 
of $40,000 to $60,000, and can be compassed by anticipating next years' earnings, 
even if the capital is not increased. 

On the other hand, the southern limit of the ground asked for has been fixed at 
Congress street, because it is thought entirely feasible by some among us to raise 
the money and build here on this ground, within the next year, a grand central 
rotunda, 225 or 250 feet in diameter, with a dome towering up 200 feet, and with 
wings 700 or 800 feet in length and 200 feet in width, the present structure, of which 
we are all so proud, forming only one of the wings of the proposed Palace. Chi- 
cago would then have a permanent annual industrial Exposition grander in its pro- 
portions than anything this country has ever seen. It would become " Inter-State " 
indeed, and be from the very start the objective point for exhibitors and sight-seers. 
Manufacturers, tired of the trouble and expense of exhibiting at numerous places, 
will gradually withdraw from other fairs and center here, where they can once a 
year meet their old and make new customers from all parts of the Union. Visitors 
will flock where they can get the most amusement and instruction for their money 
and time. In our midst we will have yearly a large collection in all departments of 
art, science, mechanics, mining, agriculture and manufacture, which cannot but be 
a grand educator for all. Millions of dollars will be annually spent in Chicago that 
would not otherwise be. Beyond all, within five years the foundations can be laid 
through this instrumentality for one or more other institutions, which will in time 
shed luster upon Chicago and profit its people. 

Is this plan feasible ? I believe it is. There are but two real obstacles. First, the 



RESUME AND CLOSING. 31 1 

procuring of the ground from the city ; and second, the raising of the money among 
our citizens. 

As to the first obstacle, what better use can be made of this small portion of the 
Lake Park ? Is not the use of it proposed so nearly in accordance with the pur- 
pose to which it is dedicated as to be void of objection ? Will not our citizens 
unanimously favor and the Council cheerfully grant the request ? 

As to the money obstacle, I cannot doubt but it is far from serious. Given a rea- 
sonable prospect for getting their money back, with interest, in four or five annual 
installments, and at the same time participating in a good work, who can doubt but 
that the men of Chicago will subscribe far more freely than they did last spring, 
when most of them thought the subscriptions equivalent to donations ? 

Freed from the suspicion of being engaged in a private speculation, and given 
the stimulus of working for the public good, capable men like Messrs. Bouton, 
Reynolds, Hesing, Crane, Drake, Gage and others, who have demonstrated that 
they know how to create success, will continue to give their time. Afforded the 
opportuuity, I believe they will carry out the programme contemplated in the reso- 
lutions, and give the stockholders their money back within four or five years, and 
thereafter turn out from one to two hundred thousand dollars per annum for edu- 
cational or other popular public purposes, under either of the two plans of opera- 
tions suggested. 

Further remarks were made by Messrs. Brown, Drake and others, 
in the midst of which it was stated that already two States — Kansas 
,and Wisconsin — had asked for a portion of the space in the pro- 
posed new structure. The resolutions were unanimously adopted. 

The following resolutions were then offered, which were unani- 
mously adopted : 

Resolved, That our thanks are due and hereby tendered to the press of the city 
and country for their valuable and very able reports, which contributed so largely 
to the success of the Exposition ; and to the Associated Press, telegraph and rail- 
way companies, whose co-operation and courtesies were so timely and acceptable. 

Resolved, further. That our thanks are due and hereby tendered to the exhibitors 
who responded so promptly and cheerfully to our invitation, and whose energy, 
enterprise and skill, placed in our hall an exhibition of the products of industry 
and art which challenged universal admiration, and was entirely worthy of the 
occasion. 

Resolved, further. That our grateful acknowledgments are especially due to 
Messrs. Bouton, Drake, Laflin, Crane, Brown, Taylor, Gage and Harvey, of the 
Executive Committee, for their unremitting, intelligent and gratuitous labors from 
the beginning of the enterprise to its close. 

- The following expression of appreciation from the exhibitors was 
then presented and gratefully acknowledged : 

Chicago, 111., Nov. 12, 1873. 

We, the undersigned, exhibitors at the Inter-State Industrial Exposition of 
Chicago, just closed, desire hereby to publicly express our appreciation of the ability 
displayed by the Executive Committee in the management of the details and work- 
ings of the Exposition. For their endeavors to promote our interest, for their uni- 



312 



EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 



form courtesy and consideration, we wish to return our sincere thanks. More espe- 
cially do we consider this due Messrs. John P. Reynolds, N. S. Bouton, John B. 
Drake and Geo. H. Laflin, to whose untiring attention and efforts we consider the 
Exposition owes a great measure of its success. 

(Signed) 

Mrs. John S. Hendrickson, 
Miss H. Guest, 



Mrs. E. S. Haas, 

D. D, Garland, 

J. S. Hendrickson, 

John Monzel, 

R. R. Randall, 

J. C. Bonnell, 

John A. Hartzell, \ 

Julius Newman, 

Wm. L. Porter, 

D. C. Baker, 
Frank Scott, 
O. W. Herrick, 

E. C. Lefebre, 
R. W. Randall, 
R. D, Lender, 
Wilson Bros., 
L. Mannasse, 

W. H. Banks & Co., 

Henry P. Gage, 

J. F. & J. E. White, 

Pioneer Manufacturing Co., 

Graham Bros. & Co., 

Lever Wringer Co., 

N. Welley, 

M. Thorp, 

A. Wehle & Co., 

Huyck & Co., 

Chas. W. Zaremba, 

J. S. Powers, 

Newell H. Moulton, 

H. D. Camp, 

Lyman & Silliman, 

Hovey & Co., 

Heath & Milligan, 

J. M. Reynolds, 

C. Marenesi, 

J. Trefry, 

Mueller & Gloeckner, 

Haskell Brothers, 

Vogler & Guedtner, 

West & Co., 

R. F. Adams, 

S. A. Bent, 

Belding Bros. & Co., 

Giles Bros. & Co., 

Peck, Cella & Eaton, 

Victor Scale Co., 

Julius Bauer & Co., 

W. W. Strong Furniture Co., 

T. Allen French, 



C. H. Fargo & Co., 

Parker & Tilton, 

Jas. P. Dalton, 

Pingree & Smith, 

W. A. Soyers, 

Pennoyer, Shaw & Co., 

Schweitzer & Beer, 

National Watch Co., 

Warren Bros., 

M. R. & O. M. Powers, 

J. P. Main, 

C. S. Monroe, 

Alex. Anderson, 

C. C. Wilson, 

T. A. Gofif, 

G. V. Orton, 

H. H. Evarts, 

Wilson Sewing Machine Co., 

W. H. Sharp, 

Florence S. M. Co., 

Davis S. M. Co., 

Victor S. M. Co.. 

L. J. Colburn, 

Grover & Baker S. M. Co., 

Commercial Advertiser, 

E. S. Harris, 

Culver, Page, Hoyne & Co., 

J. H. Lerow & Co., 

Blees S. M. Co., 

Mrs. E. H. Stein, 

Wendell & Hyman, 

N. Matson & Co., 

Gentile & Co., 

A. H. Andrews & Co., 

Abram French & Co., 

W. W. Kimball, 

A. B. Van Cott & Co., 

A. Reed & Sons, 

P. H. Milligan, 

French & Co., 

E. Schoeneman & Co., 

Nevers & Co., 

Central Yeast Co., 

American Bureau of Mines, 

C. F. Gunther, 
Green & Speer, 

E. F. Hollister & Co., 
A. Heteidlinger, 
J. Openheimer, 
Biggs & Spencer, 

D. S. Heffron, 

A. L. Hale & Bro. 



RESUME AND CLOSING. 



313 



This is the last meeting of the Exposition officials of 1873 that 
this volume will be honored by recording. We have now carefully 
lead the reader through all the meetings of both preliminary and 
permanent organization, from 1869 to the present time. We have 
seen the work commenced, and followed its progress until completed. 
We have seen the great industrial palace inaugurated amid the boom- 
ing of cannon and the flashing of thousands of gas jets, in the 
presence of the State and city officials and 25,000 rejoicing 
Chicagoans, who, in addition to their presence, had already contrib- 
uted both money and goods to the success of the enterprise. We 
have seen how grandly successful was that enterprise, and how Chi- 
cago has eclipsed the world in her energy and perseverance, have seen 
the doors closed upon the most herculean undertaking a city ever 
successfully consummated, and have shown how, at this early date, 
it is contemplated the coming year to rival even the grand scheme 
just closed, proving conclusively Chicago to be properly termed 
" the wonder and marvel of the world." 




(Jj^irago: 



ITS GROWTH, PROSPECTS, MERCHANTS, AND MANUFACTURERS. 




tional — 
interest. 



HICAGO has just reason to be proud of her great manu- 
facturing interests. Few cities can boast the number, va- 
riety, and extensive manufactories, both general and special, 
of the Lake City. The city of Chicago has already assumed 
the character of a manufacturing metropolis. It is no 
longer the mere business center ; its metropolitanism is na- 
its enterprise, success, growth, and progress are of national 
Its glory is national, and the American citizen all over the 
world points with pride to this metropolis of the great northwest. 
Taking this into consideration, the citizens of the country at large 
are all interested in her growing industrial interests, and in knowing 
how far these interests have progressed, in what branches they prin- 
cipally consist, and, generally, their extent and value. We have read 
of their immense traffic in grain, of the wonderful amount and extent 
of the transactions of their wholesale houses, and of facts connected 
with their industrial interests, and we do not wonder they have glo- 
ried in their record. The manufacturers are the real producers of 
value and wealth — manufacturers, like "tillers of the soil," are pro- 
ducers ; they add to the actual wealth of the city, the country, and 
of the world. In fact, we may add with emphasis, " the glory of 
Chicago — her manufactories." Chicago certainly possesses unusual 
inducements^ and facilities for the great manufacturing interests. Her 
natural location, her shipping facilities, her railroad connections, 



CHICAGO. 315 

proximity to the great mines of the north and west, taking all into 
consideration, her future growth and success is beyond computation. 
There are 60,000 mile's of railway in the United States, of which 
13,123 center in Chicago. The average number of trains that arrive 
and depart each day is 420, being 210 in and the same number out. 
The capital invested in railroads centering in Chicago is over $400,- 
000,000. The gross yearly earnings of which are over $82,000,000. 
The vessel tonnage of Chicago, entering and clearing from her ports, 
for the year 1870, was 6,033,207 tons; that of New York was 9,966,- 
827 tons, of which 4,288,668 ^ere foreign vessels, giving Chicago in 
reality the greater home tonnage. The amount for the present year 
is estimated at one half as large again as that of 1870. Of the man- 
ufactories of Chicago there are 745, employing in the aggregate 
51,240 hands, and with an invested capital of $52,000,000. The 
total amount paid to employes for wages, during the year 1873, was 
$29,622,479, and the total value of productions for the same time is 
about $127,687,000. The business returns of the wholesale houses 
of Chicago for 1873 are $462,150,000. Chicago covers 21,900 acres, 
and the best business localities in the city command $2,500 per foot. 
Corresponding locations in New York City $4,000 and upwards, and 
Boston about the same. Chicago has over 175 miles of sewers, 100 
miles of Nicholson pavement, 400 miles of water pipes and drains 
and over 1,000 miles of plank and stone sidewalk. In educational 
institutions Chicago has 5 1 public schools, with 600 teachers, and an 
attendance of 35,000 pupils. The value of buildings owned by the 
Board of Education is $1,297,475. In churches Chicago has loi, 
which are classed as follows: Universal, 3 ; Congregational, 14; 
Methodist, 18; Presbyterian, 21; Unitarian, 4; Swedenborgian, i: 
Baptist, 11; Episcopal,- 14; Catholic, 15. In hotels there are 31, 
some of which are the largest in the world, whose combined capacity 
will accommodate 15,000 guests. There are 68 banks and bankers 
in Chicago, 10 daily papers, 4 medical colleges and 3 theological 
seminaries. In points of attraction Chicago is surrounded by some 
62 suburban towns, many of them romantically situated, and all of 
them within a radius of 20 miles from the great city. Her Chamber 
of Commerce and Board of Trade, consisting of some 1,200 mem- 
bers, are also worthy of note. Another attraction is the new water 
works, located on the lake shore, at the east end of Chicago avenue, 
in the North Division. The style of architecture is castellated gothic, 
with heavy battlement corners, with solid rock-faced ashler stone 



3i6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 

and cut stone trimmings, all the details being of a massive and per- 
manent character. In the engine room are located three powerful 
engines, one of which is the largest in the United States, with a 
pumping capacity of 36,000,000 gallons of water every twenty-four 
hours ; the water is supplied by means of a tunnel extending two 
miles into the lake, connecting with a crib. This tunnel is one of 
the marvels of modern engineering, and well worth the inspection of 
visitors. A second tunnel, found necessary by the rapid growth of 
the city, is now being constructed. Steamboats make frequent daily 
excursions to the crib for the accommodation of sight-seers. 

The great fire cost the city the loss of over 18,000 buildings, and 
$200,000,000 of property, while the rebuilding in the course of two 
years has more than restored the business center with better public 
and private buildings than before, and the magnificent business 
blocks, the palatial banks and mammoth hotels that have been erected 
as it were by the magic of an Aladdin's lamp, will serve to show visit- 
ors the indomitable energy and irresistible enterprise that have made 
Chicago what it is, and are destined in time to make it the first city 
in point of commercial importance, as well as in size, on the western 
continent. 

The National Government, also, not to be outdone by private en- 
terprise or municipal public spirit and liberality, is now putting in the 
foundations for one of the largest, most substantial, and most impos- 
ing edifices in the whole country, for the accommodation of its post- 
office, custom house, and judicial and other ofiices, an edifice that 
will cover an entire square, and the erection of which will cost about 
15,000,000. 

And while these extensive building operations have been in pro- 
gress, the trade and commerce of the city have gone on without in- 
terruption, continually increasing in extent and value. From the 
first day of January, 1872, to the first day of September, 1873, — 
twenty months — the receipts of corn have been 72,088,816 bushels, 
and the shipments 70,449,086; receipts of wheat, 22,822,802 bushels, 
and the shipments 21,642,181 ; receipts of oats, 24,309,240 bushels, 
and the shipments 22,948,043 ; receipts of flour, 2,962,128 barrels, and 
the shipments 2,750,443 ; receipts of lumber, 1,933,375 feet, and the 
shipments 779,361 ; receipts of hogs, 6,163,530 head, and the ship- 
ments 1,438,106; receipts of cattle, 3,614,557, and the shipments 

9-17,555- 

Such is a brief mention of Chicago, whose industrial development 



CHICAGO. 



317 



is not merely extraordinary — it is phenomenal. This sketch, imper- 
fect though it is, of what Chicago has done and gives promise of 
doing, is enough to prove her substantial prosperity ; that her trade, 
commerce, manufactures and productive industries of all kinds have 
a permanent and ever-increasing stability, which no ordinary vicis- 
itudes can impair or destroy. 




(Jonrlusion. 




r-S,^ 



PON the foregoing pages we have endeavored to acquit 
ourselves with credit, and do impartial justice to the 
subject matter. How near we have accomplished our 
ambitious desires, the public must determine. The com- 
pilation of a work of this character is a most arduous 
and laborious task, and this volume is the result of three 
months' unceasing labor. Should the mention of any exhibitor 
have been omitted by us, we here beg to tender all such an apology, 
and to state it has been our intention to embody the names of every 
regular exhibitor in the building, but with an imperfect catalogue to 
guide' us, and many minor obstacles presenting themselves, we have 
found our every step fraught with stumbling blocks ; but as this is 
the first Exposition of Chicago, so is our work not only the first of the 
kind for Chicago, but the first book of record for any Exposition 
ever published in this country^ and for any errors or omissions which 
may have unavoidably crept in, we trust the foregoing remarks may 
plead a sufficient excuse in our behalf. To those gentleman who 
have so kindly rendered us valuable information and assistance in 
the compilation of this work, our thanks are due and herewith ten- 
dered, and especially to Hon. John P. Reynolds, Secretary, for the 
many courtesies tendered us in the prosecution of our labors during 
the continuance of the exhibition ; also, to Geo. H. Laflin, Esq., and 
other members of the Executive Committee, for favors received. 



CONCLUSION. 319 



BENEDICITE. 

In all the hours thy future may command, 
May the rich blessings of the Father's hand 
Make glad the way before thy coming feet. 
Behold, where thou must go I hear the sweet 
Far voice of Spring eternal. On thy way 
There falls the radiance of undying day. 
No more thy heart o'er vanished treasure grieves, 
Borne on the blast like autumn's scarlet leaves ; 
For on the fire-swept plain, in gleaming lines, 
The magic of thy New Creation shines. 
O, risen one ! a glory doth enfold 
Thy sack-cloth robe transmuted into gold ! 
O, City ! purged by sacramental flame. 
Be great in virtue, as thou art in name ! 
Within thy walls may Happiness abide ; 
Mercy and Peace dwell ever side by side ; 
May Plenty smile ; and Concord be confessed. 
With sweet Content, in every home a guest ; 
And far away, without thine open gate, 
Be Rapine, Discord, Avarice and Hate. 
God grant to thee and thine a noble fame, 
And guard thee well from pestilence and flame. 
From dire oppression and the bloody sword ; 
And may the blessing of the gracious Lord, 
Which maketh rich and adds no sorrow, then 
Abide in peace with thee and thine. Amen. 




